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To cure some infant malady a little girl known to the writer was taken to the village church and made to sleep in a bed within the sacred building, whilst her father watched beside her during the night. Another girl afflicted with a serious complaint used to visit an old church in Morfu, escorted by a companion of the same age, and was solemnly led, hand in hand, round the exterior of the building, beginning along the north side and round by the west end. Finally a half piastre was carefully pushed beneath the south door of the rustic temple.

Sleeping within churches is not uncommon in the Levant, not only for a medico-religious purpose, but also as a matter of convenience in lieu of other accommodation. The singular custom of festooning the outside of a village church with a few strands of cotton yarn is differently interpreted by natives. There is no doubt, however, that the chief intention of the custom is to ward off or cure sickness of an epidemic kind. According to one theory, it is intended to act as an enchanted or quarantine cordon against the invasion of the community by the forces of the Evil One.

These few particulars of the manners and customs of our new fellow-subjects, which may serve to give some idea of what manner of men they are, are of course tinged with the peculiar religiosity of their nature. It will therefore not be inappropriate to conclude with an interesting quotation from Di Cesnola's 'Cyprus,' where the great explorer of the island in the 60's and 70's of the last century gives an account of a common enough experience in any part of the island :

Enjoying the solitude in which I believed myself, and while climbing a jutting rock in order to reach the largest portion of a standing wall, I was startled by the voice of a man reading aloud

in a nasal, unbroken tone. I coughed, and the sound immediately ceased, but after a moment proceeded as before. Upon reaching the wall I found a Greek priest reading to some nine or ten stonecutters. I made a sign to the priest (who on my appearance had stopped) to proceed, and. uncovering my head, waited a little way off until the prayer was over. Upon its termination the men dispersed, and I approached the priest to make some inquiries, and from the old man's lips gathered the following story: Formerly a church stood where are now these few ruins-a very long time ago, more than 200 years ago!" The old priest eyed me askance as he said this, fearing my archæological knowledge might dispute such remote antiquity; but the building was even more ancient than he imagined....A mass of rubbish and stones, with here and there a piece of wall a few feet high, are all that remain to mark the spot; but a priest comes every Monday in the year at break of day to pray among

the stones. Before ascending the hill he rings a handbell, and those peasants who wish gather there earth still bathed in dew, the sun just rising, together for prayer. The early morning, the throwing its glories over sea and land, the solemnity of the hour, the profound tranquillity, that reigned around where nought met the eye that of told of man, fitted so well with the scene prayer and the legend I had just been listening to, that for a moment, which more pretentious ones, at a a melancholy charm invested these simple ruins. different hour, would have failed to convey.' GEO. JEFFERY, F.S.A..

Cyprus.

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JOHN HARDY, WINCHESTER SCHOLAR, heads the roll for 1549, entering the College at the age of 12, from Farnham (Kirby, 'Winchester Scholars,' p. 128). Proceeding to New College in due course, he was removed from his Fellowship in 1562 by the see of Winchester for recusancy. After that we lose sight of him for twenty-one years. In 1583 two Catholic laymen were executed for their religion, John Body and John Slade, the former being a Wykehamist twelve years younger than Hardy. For what is known of them see 'Lives of the English. Martyrs,' Second Series, vol. i. (Longmans & Co., 1914), at pp. 1-21. A disputation which they held at Winchester with the Dean of Winchester, Laurence Humphrey, D.D., and the Warden of Winchester College, Thomas Bilson, D.D., after they had twice been condemned to death (at Andover in April, and at Winchester on 19 August), seems to have given rise to a good deal of discussion, and several months elapsed before their deaths, Slade suffering at Winchester on 30 Oct., and Body at Andover 2 Nov., 1583.

A fortnight or three weeks before Michaelmas in that year one Eustace Mocne of Farnham, gentleman, was entertaining divers guests at dinner. When dinner was over or during dinner one of the guests, Peter Hampden, gentleman, alluded to the disputation lately held at Winchester; and after dinner another guest, the Vicar of Farnham, Peter German, fetched a copy of Eusebius, whose words as to the constitution of the Council of Nicæa had been a point in the dispu tation. Hardy then translated the passage word for word, and said that he thought that Body and Slade were correct in their interpretation of it. No immediate result followed, for the Vicar "shortly fell lame, and so lay for the space of a whole quarter of the year." Νο sooner, however, had he recovered the use of his legs than he made his way to Guildford and laid an information against Hardy before the local justices, Sir William More, George More, and Laurence Stoughton. They

examined Hardy, German, and Hampden on 9 Jan., 1583/4, and committed Hardy to ward, and the next day wrote to Sir Francis Walsingham to ask what they were to do with him (Catholic Record Society, vol. v. pp. 47-50).

Nine years afterwards "John Hardie, of Farnham, gent.," is mentioned among the recusants in Surrey remaining at liberty (Cal. Cecil MSS.,' vol. iv. p. 272). Any further particulars about John Hardy would be

welcome.

Stephen Hardye, who entered Winchester College in 1553 from Farnham, aged 13, and was deprived of his New College Fellowship in 1563 for non-residence, was probably a brother. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

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"TWO RAZES OF GINGER.' — In 'King Henry IV.,' Part I., the second Carrier says: I have a gammon of bacon and two razes of ginger to be delivered as far as Charing Cross.' The glossary of the Handy-Volume edition gives Raze, race, of ginger, a root of ginger.' This does not seem satisfactory; a couple of ounces of ginger would be but a small parcel to send by carrier along with a gammon of bacon. I turn to Prof. Skeat's Dictionary,' and find the glossary justified; in the two instances of the word (Winter's Tale,' IV. iii, 50 ; spelt “raze '1 Henry IV.,' II. i. 27) it is said to mean a root. The N.E.D. ' also refers raze to 'race," a root, of ginger. The similarity of the two words has, I believe, misled these two authorities. The clue to the meaning of "raze " will be found in the N.E.D.' under raziere," referred to raser, a dry measure containing about four bushels." I follow the clue in Littré, where I find 99 rasiere to have been a measure of a little more than a bushel, so called from being struck, mesure rase (cf. race-measure,' E.D.D.'). But Mistral's 6 Tresor brings me nearer still, for the ras is a southern measure sometimes used for corn, but especially for walnuts and .almonds: dous cènt ras d'amelo, two hundred razes (bushels) of almonds.

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It seems probable then that the raze of ginger was a frail or rush basket, such as has been used from 1216 ( N. & Q.', 9 S. vii. 33) to the present day for dried fruits, and holding about a bushel, thirty-two to seventy five pounds (N.E.D.'). From being imported in such a package, the term race-ginger" ( E.D.D.') would have been used to distinguish root-ginger from the ground spice, much more probably than from the ginger having been scraped

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Place-Names.- Moorlands News, 16 Sept.
Place-Names.-Leck and Moorlands News, 6 Oct.
Place-Names.—Staffordshire Advertiser, 5 Nov.
The following is undated and was privately
printed :-

Walsall Postal Arrangements in 1795.

Now that the above additions are being made, perhaps it is advisable for the benefit of future writers to state that many manuscript notebooks, &c., by, and valuable letters written to, the late Mr. W. H. Duignan (by the late Prof. W. W. Skeat and other scholars), are now in the possession of his son, Carl Duignan. A. S. WHITFIELD.

High Street, Walsall.

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where his

Intrest was concern'd, he made it a constant rule to strike while the Iron was hot; Regaurdless of the injury he might do therby: And when he had any matter of moment upon the anvill,

He seldom fail'd to turn it to his own advantage. Among the numberless instances that might be given of the cruelty of his disposition, it need only be mentioned,

That he was the means of hanging many of the innocent

Family of the Bells, Under the idle pretence of keeping them from Jang(ling) And put great numbers of the hearts of steel into the hottest flames,

Merely (as he declar'd) to soften the obduracy of their tempers. At length after passing a long life in the commission

of these

Black actions, his fire being exausted, And his Bellows worn out, He was filed of to that place

Where only the fervid [?] of his own forge can be exceeded,

Declaring with his last puff that

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Man is born to trouble as the sparks fly upwards."

H. K. ST. J. S.

44 'LA GARDE MEURT, MAIS NE SE REND PAS."-One of the favourite errors of crowds is to attribute well-known sayings to famous men. The Times, on the centenary of Waterloo, threw fresh light on the above saying by publishing a letter written at 11 P.M. on the evening of the battle by Capt. Digby Mackworth of the 7th Fusiliers, A.D.C. to General Hill. This shows that the

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They [la vieille garde] crowded instinctively behind each other to avoid a fire which was intolerably dreadful; still they stood firm, La Garde meurt, mais ne se rend pas. For half an hour this horrible butchery went on," &c.

Up to now our knowledge of the origin of the saying had been summed up by that careful scholar the late W. F. H. King in his 'Classical and Foreign Quotations (third edition, 1904). On p. 159 he says:

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Legendary speech of Lieut.-Gen. Pierre division at Waterloo, when summoned to surrender Jacques, Baron de Cambronne, and General of with the remains of the Imperial Guard by Col. Hugh Halkett, King's German Legion. At a banquet given in his honour at Nantes (1835), Cambronne himself publicly disavowed the saying, which he further showed to be contradicted by facts. In the first place,' he would remark, we Others have pretended that Cambronne's actual did not die, and, in the second, we did surrender.' lettres), more forcible than polite, which V. Hugo reply consisted of a single word (les_cinq had the courage to print in full in Les Misésolutions of the question, that of Fournier rables' (vol. iii. Bk. 1, ch. 15).... Of the various ['L'Esprit dans l'histoire,' pp. 412-15] seems the night of the battle by Rougemont, a noted faiseur most probable that the mot was invented the in which it appeared the next day, being repeated de mots, then correspondent of the Indépendant, in the Journal Général de France on June 24."

Fournier's explanation must now be considered incorrect, as it is hardly possible that an English A.D.C. could have seen 11 P.M. on the evening of the battle. a French newspaper correspondent before It is probable that it was a phrase, current in the French army, that Rougemont first crystallized in print. It is practically impossible to discover the originator of a phrase that flies from mouth to mouth. Shall we ever know if Talleyrand said: "C'est plus qu'un crime, c'est une faute"; or if Pitt's last words were : My country! O, my country!" or: Bring me one of Bellamy's pork pies ? DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

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49, Nevern Square.

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FAULTS OF INDEX-MAKING. (See 7 S. x. 344.) I here call attention, not to curiosities mainly ludicrous, but to those blunders which constantly occur through sheer stupidity. A palmary example occurs in North's 'Lives,' 1742, viz., Assertions, some impudent ones of the Faction." How this could help any living soul to find what he wanted is beyond my power of guessing. And a correspondent in 1890 quoted "Disgraceful Act,' "Fatal Storm," and "Rather uncommon for Females " from Palmer's

Index to The Times': the last of which, I must acknowledge, beats even my pet instance of 1742.

An index-maker ought to put himself in the place of an index-consulter, and to look for those salient points which give character to an incident or a paragraph. The making of indexes does not require a high order of talent; but it calls for perception, and a sense of order, and good common sense. So far as one can judge, this useful work is too frequently committed to the lower grade of literary hacks, and is poorly paid for. One remedy would be for reviewers to comment on such pieces of incompetency as are here cited, and not to cease until the nuisance is abated.

The fourteenth volume of Punch includes the first half of the memorable year 1848. It contains items relating to Richard Cobden, Bishop Hampden, Joseph Hume, Lamartine, Archbishop MacHale of Tuam, Smith O'Brien, and Sibthorp, not one of whose names is indexed. Under "T" we find 66 To the Unemployed"; under "W" "We beg to Apologize " and "What can be done with Ireland? On p. 104 there is an interesting picture by Doyle, in a group, of Pius IX. in the early days of his pontificate. This, of course, is unindexed.

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3o. A la 3e travée du collatéral sud on voit trois léopards contournés l'un sur l'autre.

4o. A la nervure du transept paraît un roi ou prince anglais (Edward II. ou III., vers 1320-30).

certainement appartient à l'Angleterre, je Après ces quatre écus, dont l'origine voudrais demander aux lecteurs de N. & Q.' s'ils pourraient m'aider à définir trèsexactement les cinq clefs de voûte suivantes. Représenteraient-elles les écussons de quelque général ou de quelque gouverneur anglais en Aquitaine, de 1152 à 1451 ?—époque de la domination anglaise dans notre pays et de la construction de la Cathédrale de Bayonne.

dessus de la petite rosace du fond, trois tête☛ 10. A la 7 travée du collatéral sud, aude cheval, posées en profil 2 et 1.

2o. A la 5 travée de la grande nef, d'azur à un ours d'or passant devant un arbre de sinople chargé de fruits d'or et accosté de deux croix patées et banderolles de même.

3o. Entre la 5o et la 6o travée de la grande nef, à l'arc doubleau: un léopard d'or passant sur arbre, pied de vigne (?), au naturel.

4°. A l'arc doubleau qui sépare la 3e et la There should be room in London for a 4 travée du collatéral sud, deux animaux place where indexing would be contracted l'un sur l'autre. for and done in a thorough manner. But a 5o. A l'arc doubleau qui sépare les 2o et really careful author will in most cases do 3 travées du collatéral nord, deux animaux his own indexing. fantastiques.

RICHARD H. THORNTON. 8, Mornington Crescent, N. W.

Queries.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

ARMES ET ÉCUSSONS ANGLAIS À LA CATHÉDRALE DE BAYONNE.

1o. LES Armes d'Angleterre de gueules à 3 léopards d'or, l'un sur l'autre, se trouvent à la lère travée de la grande nef, à la 6 travée du collatéral nord, à la 6o travée du collatéral sud, et à l'arc transversal nord.

2o. La 6 travée de la grande nef porte : Écartels de France et d'Angleterre. C'est un écu écartelé aux 1 et 4 d'azur à trois fleurs de lys d'or et aux 2 et 3 de gueules à trois léopards d'or.

CHANOINE DAranatz, Secrétaire de Mgr. l'Évêque de Bayonne.

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SMITH OF BOWLDOWN: JENNER FAMILY. WELTJE.-I am compiling an article for (See 11 S. i. 488.)-I inquired at the above a local magazine about this person, the reference: Who was Smith of Bowldown? cook and financial adviser to the Regent. Jenner was of Marston, Wilts; is Bowldown Where can I get any facts about him? in Wilts or Gloucestershire? I find in WILLIAM BULL. 6 Three Oxfordshire Parishes,' by Mrs. Vencourt, King Street, Hammersmith. Stapleton, Oxford Historical Society, 1884, p. 358, a sketch pedigree of Smith of Gloucestershire :

Thomas Smith daughter of Thomas Standard, of Kidlington.

Humphrey Smith Mary, ye dau. of ......ner, of Gloucestershire.

Thomas Smith, the dau. of Low, of Thrup and of of Kidlington. Gt. Milton in Oxfordshire.

Thomas. William.

Molly.

[See 10 S. xii. 167, 239, 293, 352, 412, 466.] HAGGATT AND BARNARD, ENGLISH CONSULS AT ALEPPO.-1. Can any genealogist tell me the relation, if any, between John Haggatt of Bristol (born 1627, Middle Temple 11 Dec., 1645), Chief Justice of Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Pembroke, and Bartholomew Haggatt, Consul in Aleppo 1614-15? Further particulars regarding the latter are sought. A John Haggatt, born 1565, matriculated at Magd. Coll., Oxford, 24 Nov., 1581.

2. Information is also required concerning Edward Barnard, appointed English Consul in Aleppo 25 Oct., 1638 (vide 11 S. xi. 254). H. C. B.

At p. 88 of the same work there is another pedigree where Humphrey Smith is shown PRICE: ROBINS: BULKELEY: KIRKMAN. to be son of Thomas and Alice Smith, but Catherine Price married 7 Nov., 1732, this does not give his marriage, the whole Valentine Robins, by whom she had issue a particulars being: "Humphrey, buried at daughter Catherine Robins, married (Col.) Kidlington, 1716, aged 44. High Sheriff," Philip Bulkeley, by whom she had, with other with a foot-note to the effect that he matri-issue, a daughter Josepha Bulkeley, who culated at Wadham College, 17 Nov., 1690, married (Col.) Kirkman, by whom she had aged 17. Can the missing surname, as above, issue a daughter Josepha Kirkman. I of his wife Mary, have been Jenner ? should be glad to know to what branch of R. J. FYNMORE. the Bulkeley family they belonged.

Sandgate.

TIMOTHY CONSTABLE. (See 11 S. xi. 150.) -I shall be glad if any reader can give me any information relating to the ancestors of Timothy Constable, who married on 13 Jan., 1736/7, at St. James's Church, Westminster, Elizabeth Hunting, and who was buried at Melford, Suffolk, in March, 1750. The

marriage certificate reads as follows:

"Timothy Constable of Bradfield Combust in ye County of Suffolk and Elizabeth Hunting of this p. L.A.B.C. 1736/7."

CLIFFORD C. WOOLLARD.

Essex Lodge, Ewell.

LEONARD C. PRICE.

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CRAWFORD, ACTOR.-Crawford the actor was the third husband of the famous Mrs. Barry. According to 'The Dramatic Mirror' he was "bred an attorney and afterwards became a barrister." His marriage took place about the year 1780, but I should like to know the exact date. When did he die ? He survived his wife, whose death occurred in 1801. HORACE BLEACKLEY.

WILLIAM SHELDON.-This gentleman was one of the trustees of the Pantheon in

PEGLER AND HETTY PEGLER'S TUMP.Can any reader tell me the derivation of the surname of Pegler ? There was formerly a family of Pegler living in and about Eastington in Gloucestershire. There the name was comparatively common, but I have never found it elsewhere. In the neighbouring parish of Uley is the prehistoric tumulus well known to archæologists as HORACE BLEACKLEY. Hetty Pegler's Tump. This adjoins the ancient JAMES BROGDEN.-James Brogden was camp of Uley Bury. Is there any tradition M.P. for Launceston in the Parliament of associating a person of this name with the 1826. When did he die ? mound?

ARTHUR HAYWARD.

Oxford Street in 1791. Was he a member of the Warwickshire family of that name ?

HORACE BLEACKLEY.

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