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Sligo and the Enniskilleners from 1688 to 1691.
By W. G. Wood-Martin. Dublin, 1882.
History of Fermanagh and Tyrone. By the Earl
of Belmore. Dublin, 1887. Contains historical
notes on Enniskillen and district.
History of the Corry Family. By the Earl of
Belmore. Dublin, 1891. Contains historical
The Old Enniskillen Vestry Book. By the Earl

notes on Enniskillen and district.

of Belmore. Dublin, 1903. Enniskillen, Parish and Town. By W. H. Dundas.

paragraph being devoted to the insects, which are correctly said to infest the country from June

A Further Impartial Account of the Actions of the Inniskilling-men, containing the reasons of their first rising. By Capt. William MacCormick. London, 1891. Reprinted Dungannon, 1896. to September. Not having History of the Siege of Derry and Defence of access to the original manuscript, I cannot Enniskillen in 1688-9. By Rev. John Graham, vouch for the accuracy of the spelling in the M.A. Dublin, 1829. first, and every subsequent, reading in Derry and Enniskillen in the year 1689: the story printed form. If we turn to the Jesuit of some famous Battle-fields in Ulster. By Relations,' maringoin appears well estabProf. Witherow. Belfast, 1873. Enniskillen Long Ago. By Rev. W. H. Bradshaw.lished in 1632, through the statement of Dublin, 1878. Father Paul Le Jeune (v. 36) : "Je pensai être mangé des maringoins, ce sont petites after this in the collection complaints are mouches importunes au possible"; and really "frequent and free." Similarly in Baron de La Hontan, 'Nouv. Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentr.,' La Haye, 1703 (I. Lettre, p. 7), who speaks of "l'incommodité des maringouins, que nous appelons en France des Cousins." It may be noted that Regnard, the playwright, who travelled in Lapland at about the same time (1681), employs the term moucherons. In later French writings, much the best-known instance of the use of maringouin is in the classic utterance of Figaro (Le Barbier de Séville,' I. ii.) : "tous les insectes, les moustiques, les cousins, les critiques, les maringouins, les envieux," &c. ; while Chateaubriand naturally introduced it in Voyage en Amérique' ('Les Onondagas ') without figurative implication. At the present day the word is apparently so little known in France that a recent application of it to a nagging official by a stranger brought about its prompt adoption as a nickname, which would not have resulted from describing him as a moustique.

1913.

History of the Irish Presbyterian Church. By Rev.
Thomas Hamilton, D.D. Edinburgh. Contains
chapter on Defence of Enniskillen.
Story of the Sieges of Crom Castle during the
Revolution of 1689. Compiled from Harris,
Macaulay, and Hamilton. Privately printed.
Enniskillen and the Northern Lake District of
Ireland. London, n.d.

ERRIS.

Erris in the Irish Highlands, and the Atlantic Rail-
way. By P. Knight. Dublin, 1836.
Sketches in Erris and Tyrawley. By Rev. Cæsar
Otway. Dublin, 1841.

WILLIAM MACARTHUR.

79, Talbot Street, Dublin.

(To be continued.)

UNE CHASSE AU MARINGOUIN. THROUGHOUT the French-speaking districts of Canada the word most commonly used as equivalent to mosquito is, and has been for many generations, maringoin or maringouin, of which Littré declares the etymology unknown. To the earliest explorers of New France it seems not to have been familiar. In the narrative of Jacques Cartier's voyages (1535, &c.) the activities of the busy insect are not dwelt upon. Champlain's Voyage aux Indes Occidentales' (1599) reveals the presence of the pest, but the word there made use of is " mousquittes....comme chesons ou cousins ; while a further reference may be cited in Second Voyage au Canada (chap. ii.), mousquites (1610). In the Histoire de la Nouvelle France of Marc Lescarbot (1608), Champlain's contemporary and editor, the word occurs as marigoin in the tenth chapter (iii. 684), on the Mours et Façon de Vivre' of the natives, a whole

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It is interesting to discover that the exotic term became acclimatized in other French possessions on the American continent. In Louisiana, for instance, it would appear to have been in ordinary use, for the R.P. Louis Hennepin, Récollet, writes in his 'Description de la Louisiane,' Paris, 1688 (p. 134), to the effect that maringouins are not very troublesome in that region. How general its use may have been there at a later time I have failed to ascertain. A most obliging and courteous communication from M. Solon Ménos, Minister of the Haytian Legation at Washington, informs me that to-day "le mot maringouin est connu et même généralement employé en Haïti (22 April, 1915). French Guiana, too, offers testimony to the distribution of the venomous diptera and the local name. This is proved through the Voyage à Cayenne, dans les Deux Amériques et chez les Anthropophages,' of Louis-Ange Pitou (1805), the royalist chansonnier, who was

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curious chance this contained the only version (out of the sixteen that exist) of Mrs. Barber's Tale' which does not include the desired reference. Readers of N. & Q.' may be interested to see the something "hard upon Mr. Congreve," and to read about the scarce pamphlet in which it appeared.

It was first issued anonymously as

"A Tale, being an addition to Mr. Gay's Fables: [quotation of five lines from] Ramsay's Life of Cyrus. Dublin, printed by S. Powell for George Ewing....1728." 7 pp. 16mo.

The fourth stanza, on pp. 4-5, contains the lines in question, which are :—

Steele's comedies gave vast delight,
And entertain'd them many a night.

is noteworthy in that it follows the text of Mist's Weekly Journal, and accordingly contains both the lines on Congreve and those on Swift.

A check list of its various issues is as follows: A Tale,' &c., 1728; Mist's Weekly Journal, 13 April, 1728; London Journal, January, 1733 4; Mrs. Barber's Poems on Several Occasions,' 1734; New York Gazette, 8 July, 1734; Gay's Fables,' ed. 7, Dublin, 1737; id., Dublin, 1760; id., London, 1767; id., Edinburgh, 1770; id., Dublin, 1772 ; · Muse's Mirrour,' 1778; Gay's Fables,' Dublin, 1784; id., Philadelphia, 1794; id., Dublin, 1799; id., Dublin, 1804; id.. Philadelphia, 1808.

I have examined all of these items

C[o]n[greve']s cou'd no addmittance [sic] find, except The London Journal and The New Forbid as poisons to the mind.

That author's wit and sense, says she,
But heightens his impiety.

This poem was then reprinted (again anonymously) in Mist's Weekly Journal, 13 April, 1728, p. (?), under the title A Tale from Dublin, design'd as an addition to Gay's Fables.' The verses on Congreve still remained, but the author had inserted, as a compliment to Swift, the eight lines ending with

Then bless'd the Drapier's happier fate, Who say'd (and lives to guard the State. Next the editor of The London Journal reprinted the poem (still anonymously) in the January, 1733 4, number. I am unable to state whether or no the Congreve verses appeared here also, because none of the libraries in this vicinity contain that number of the periodical.

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Finally, however, the poem was brought out under its author's name when Mrs. Mary Barber published in 1734 her ⚫ Poems on Several Occasions. On pp. 7-12 of that volume appears A True Tale, which is none other than our little poem in question. It was in this version of the poem that the "something....hard upon Congreve disappeared, “no doubt in obedience to Swift's behest," as Dr. Elrington Ball conjectures. In a minor way the True Tale' maintained its lease of life for seventy years more by being reprinted in at least ten editions of Gay's Fables. All of these editions follow fairly closely the text of the 1728 edition of Mrs. Barber's Tale, and consequently all of them contain the lines on Congreve. With but one exception they reprint the poem without the author's name, and so it is not strange to find that the version given in the Muso's Mirrour' of 1778 is supposed to be written by Dr. Parnell.” This 1778 reprint,

York Gazette, and find that the author's name is attached to the little poem only in Mrs. Barber's Poems,' &c., 1734, and in Gay's Fables,' 1767. ERNEST L. GAY. Boston, Mass.

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ENNISKILLEN.

Ms. Letters in Library, Trinity College, Dublin, on Defence of Enniskillen and Siege of Londonderry :

James II. to General Hamilton: (1) 1 May, les; 2 10 May, 1689; (3) 20 May, 1689; (4) 8 July, 1689.

Letter from Berwick to General Hamilton: (33 July, 1689.

Letter from R. C. Carr to the Provost of Trinity College. Dublin: (6) 7 April, 1787. Preserved in MS. Room in Library of Trinity College, Dublin, in Box E. 2. 19. No. 543. Actions of the Enniskillen Men from their first taking up arms in 1688 in defence of the Protestant Religion, their liberties and lives, to the Landing of Duke Schomberg in Ireland. By Rev. Andrew Hamilton, "an actor and eyewitness therein." London, 1690. Reprinted Belfast, 1813 and 1864.

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UNE CHASSE AU MARINGOUIN. THROUGHOUT the French-speaking districts of Canada the word most commonly used as equivalent to mosquito is, and has been for many generations, maringoin or maringouin, of which Littré declares the etymology unknown. To the earliest explorers of New France it seems not to have been familiar. In the narrative of Jacques Cartier's voyages (1535, &c.) the activities of the busy insect are not dwelt upon. Champlain's Voyage aux Indes Occidentales' (1599) reveals the presence of the pest, but the word there made use

of is " mousquittes.... ...comme chesons ou

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cousins while a further reference may be cited in 'Second Voyage au Canada (chap. ii.), "mousquites (1610). In the Histoire de la Nouvelle France' of Marc Lescarbot (1608), Champlain's contemporary and editor, the word occurs as marigoin in the tenth chapter (iii. 684), on the Mours et Façon de Vivre' of the natives, a whole

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paragraph being devoted to the insects, which are correctly said to infest the country from June to September. Not having access to the original manuscript, I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the spelling in the first, and every subsequent, reading in printed form. If we turn to the Jesuit Relations,' maringoin appears well established in 1632, through the statement of Father Paul Le Jeune (v. 36): "Je pensai être mangé des maringoins, ce sont petites mouches importunes au possible"; and after this in the collection complaints are really frequent and free." Similarly in Baron de La Hontan, 'Nouv. Voyage dans l'Amérique Septentr.,' La Haye, 1703 (I. Lettre, p. 7), who speaks of "l'incommodité des maringouins, que nous appelons en France des Cousins." It may be noted that Regnard, the playwright, who travelled in Lapland at about the same time (1681), employs the term moucherons. In later the best-known French writings, much instance of the use of maringouin is in the classic utterance of Figaro (Le Barbier de Séville,' I. ii.) "tous les insectes, les moustiques, les cousins, les critiques, les maringouins, les envieux," &c.; while Chateaubriand naturally introduced it in 'Voyage en Amérique' ('Les Onondagas ') without figurative implication. At the present day the word is apparently so little known in France that a recent application of it to a nagging official by a stranger brought about its prompt adoption as a nickname, which would not have resulted from describing him as a moustique.

A

It is interesting to discover that the exotic term became acclimatized in other French possessions on the American continent. In Louisiana, for instance, it would appear to have been in ordinary use, for the R.P. Louis Hennepin, Récollet, writes in his 'Description de la Louisiane,' Paris, 1688 (p. 134), to the effect that maringouins are not very troublesome in that region. How general its use may have been there at a later time I have failed to ascertain. most obliging and courteous communication from M. Solon Ménos, Minister of the Haytian Legation at Washington, informs me that to-day "le mot maringouin est connu et même généralement employé en Haïti (22 April, 1915). French Guiana, too, offers testimony to the distribution of the venomous diptera and the local name. This is proved through the 'Voyage à Cayenne, dans les Deux Amériques et chez les Anthropophages,' of Louis-Ange Pitou (1805), the royalist chansonnier, who was

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A Tale, being an addition to Mr. Gay's Fables: [quotation of five lines from] Ramsay's Life of Cyrus. Dublin, printed by S. Powell for George Ewing....1728." 7 pp. 16mo.

The fourth stanza, on pp. 4-5, contains the lines in question, which are :—

Steele's comedies gave vast delight,
And entertain'd them many a night.

is noteworthy in that it follows the text of Mist's Weekly Journal, and accordingly contains both the lines on Congreve and those on Swift.

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A check list of its various issues is as follows: A Tale,' &c., 1728; Mist's Weekl Journal, 13 April, 1728; London Journal, January, 1733/4; Mrs. Barber's Poems on Several Occasions,' 1734; New York

Gazett?, 8 July, 1734; Gay's Fables,' ed. 7, Dublin, 1737; id., Dublin, 1760; id., London, 1767; id., Edinburgh, 1770; id., Dublin, 1772; Muse's Mirrour,' 1778; Gay's Fables,' Dublin, 1784; Fables,' Dublin, 1784; id., Philadelphia, 1794; id., Dublin, 1799; id., Dublin, 1804; id., Philadelphia, 1808.

I have examined all of these items

C[o]n[greve's cou'd no addmittance [sic] find, except The London Journal and The New

Forbid as poisons to the mind.

That author's wit and sense, says she,
But heightens his impiety.

This poem was then reprinted (again anonymously) in Mist's Weekly Journal, 13 April, 1728, p. (?), under the title 'A Tale from Dublin, design'd as an addition to Gay's Fables.' The verses on Congreve still remained, but the author had inserted, as a compliment to Swift, the eight lines ending with

Then bless'd the Drapier's happier fate,

Who sav'd (and lives to guard) the State. Next the editor of The London Journal reprinted the poem (still anonymously) in the January, 1733/4, number. I am unable to state whether or no the Congreve verses appeared here also, because none of the libraries in this vicinity contain that number of the periodical.

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Finally, however, the poem was brought out under its author's name when Mrs. Mary Barber published in 1734 her Poems on Several Occasions.' On pp. 7-12 of that volume appears A True Tale,' which is none other than our little poem in question. It was in this version of the poem that the "something....hard upon Congreve disappeared, no doubt in obedience to Swift's behest,' as Dr. Elrington Ball conjectures. In a minor way the True Tale' maintained its lease of life for seventy years more by being reprinted in at least ten editions of Gay's Fables.' All of these editions follow fairly closely the text of the 1728 edition of Mrs. Barber's Tale,' and consequently all of them contain the lines on Congreve. With but one exception they reprint the poem without the author's name, and so it is not strange to find that the version given in the Muse's Mirrour' of 1778 is "supposed to be written by Dr. Parnell." This 1778 reprint |

6

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ENNISKILLEN.

MS. Letters in Library, Trinity College, Dublin, on Defence of Enniskillen and Siege of Londonderry :

James II. to General Hamilton: (1) 1 May, 1689; (2) 10 May, 1689; (3) 20 May, 1689; (4) 8 July, 1689.

Letter from Berwick to General Hamilton: (5) 5 July, 1689.

Letter from R. C. Carr to the Provost of Trinity College, Dublin: (6) 7 April, 1787. Preserved in MS. Room in Library of Trinity College, Dublin, in Box E. 2. 19. No. 543.

Actions of the Enniskillen Men from their first taking up arms in 1688 in defence of the Protestant Religion, their liberties and lives, to the landing of Duke Schomberg in Ireland. By Rev. Andrew Hamilton, an actor and eyewitness therein." London, 1690. Reprinted Belfast, 1813 and 1864.

66

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paragraph being devoted to the insects,
which are correctly said to infest the country
from June to September. Not having
access to the original manuscript, I cannot
vouch for the accuracy of the spelling in the
first, and every subsequent, reading in
printed form. If we turn to the Jesuit
Relations,' maringoin appears well estab-
lished in 1632, through the statement of
Father Paul Le Jeune (v. 36): "Je pensai
être mangé des maringoins, ce sont petites
after this in the collection complaints are
mouches importunes au possible"; and
really frequent and free." Similarly in
Baron de La Hontan, 'Nouv. Voyage dans
l'Amérique Septentr.,' La Haye,
1703
(I. Lettre, p. 7), who speaks of "l'incommo-
dité des maringouins, que nous appelons en
France des Cousins." It may be noted that
Regnard, the playwright, who travelled in
Lapland at about the same time (1681),
employs the term moucherons. In later
the best-known
French writings, much
instance of the use of maringouin is in the
classic utterance of Figaro (Le Barbier de
Séville,' I. ii.): "tous les insectes, les mous-
tiques, les cousins, les critiques, les marin-
gouins, les envieux," &c.; while Chateau-
briand naturally introduced it in Voyage
en Amérique' ('Les Onondagas ') without
figurative implication. At the present day
the word is apparently so little known in
France that a recent application of it to a
nagging official by a stranger brought about
its prompt adoption as a nickname, which
would not have resulted from describing
him as a moustique.

UNE CHASSE AU MARINGOUIN. It is interesting to discover that the THROUGHOUT the French-speaking districts exotic term became acclimatized in other of Canada the word most commonly used French possessions on the American conas equivalent to mosquito is, and has been tinent. In Louisiana, for instance, it would for many generations, maringoin or ma- appear to have been in ordinary use, for ringouin, of which Littré declares the the R.P. Louis Hennepin, Récollet, writes etymology unknown. To the earliest ex- in his 'Description de la Louisiane,' Paris, plorers of New France it seems not to have been familiar. In the narrative of Jacques Cartier's voyages (1535, &c.) the activities of the busy insect are not dwelt upon. Champlain's Voyage aux Indes Occidentales' (1599) reveals the presence of the pest, but the word there made use of is mousquittes.... .comme chesons ou cousins"; while a further reference may be cited in Second Voyage au Canada (chap. ii.), "mousquites (1610). In the Histoire de la Nouvelle France' of Marc Lescarbot (1608), Champlain's contemporary and editor, the word occurs as marigoin in the tenth chapter (iii. 684), on the Moeurs et Façon de Vivre' of the natives, a whole

66

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1688 (p. 134), to the effect that maringouins are not very troublesome in that region. How general its use may have been there at a later time I have failed to ascertain. A most obliging and courteous communication from M. Solon Ménos, Minister of the Haytian Legation at Washington, informs me that to-day "le mot maringouin est connu et même généralement employé en Haïti " (22 April, 1915). French Guiana, too, offers testimony to the distribution of the venomous diptera and the local name. This is proved through the Voyage à Cayenne, dans les Deux Amériques et chez les Anthropophages,' of Louis-Ange Pitou (1805), the royalist chansonnier, who was

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