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THE LUDGATE OR GRAFTON PORTRAIT OF SHAKESPEARE (11 S. xi. 321, 442).-I am very much interested in anything connected with Shakespeare portraiture, and am eager to know the history of this claimant panel since its discovery at "The Bridgwater Arms "-not a wayside inn, as has been stated, but the principal, if not the only hostel in the village of Winston. Can any one tell what sum was paid for it to the Ludgate family, and whether Mr. Kay was the original purchaser ? Years ago I knew something of Winston, and of its being touched by the pen of Sir Walter Scott; but I never thought of its having any association with Shakespeare.

ST. SWITHIN.

DERWENTWATER MEMORIAL (11 S. xi. 361). -A short time before her death the late Mrs. Pollard (see 11 S. xi. 392) kindly supplied me with particulars of this memorial. She informed me that it consisted of a plain obelisk of no great height, placed on a square pedestal. It formerly contained no inscription, but since its removal to its present position a wooden tablet has been affixed, inscribed as follows:

natives of the South Seas; Roman, Egyptian, and
British antiquities; rare books, &c. The collec-
tion of ancient guns and fire-arms was particu-
last male member of Mr. Wallis's family, in 1833,
After the death of the
larly rich and valuable.
this beautiful collection was sold by auction (the
printed catalogue containing no less than 1,197
lots), and the gunsmith business was sold; and
A great part of Wallis's curious museum is included
in 1852 it was resold to Mr. Edmund Balchin.
in the splendid collection of ancient armour at
Grimston Park, the seat of the Right Hon. Lord
Londesborough."
RICHARD LAWSON.

Urmston.

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JOHN STUART, EDINBURGH (11 S. xi. 432). -The pamphlets" to which MR. BEAUCHAMP refers are parts of the pleadings, in ordinary eighteenth-century form, in two Scottish actions, presumably either in the Court of Session or in the Commissary Court of Edinburgh. The Advocates' Library contains many thousands of such papers. They were always signed by counsel, and "Ro: Dundas " was Robert Dundas of Court of Session, who was Arniston, afterwards Lord President of the the busiest counsel of his time. Many of the leading advocates preserved the papers in the cases them in volumes. Probably these two in which they had been engaged, and bound papers originally formed part of such a collection.

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JOHN A. INGLIS.

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[MR. JOHN MACGREGOR also thanked for reply.] TWENTIETH-CENTURY ENGLISH (11 S. xi. 450).-The expression he has a right to in the sense of "he ought to " is quite usual in Ireland, where the common speech retains various idioms once current in England, but now obsolete, or only rarely heard, in this country.

"Acton Urban District Council. This monument was designed as a memorial of James Radclyffe, Earl of Derwentwater, one of the leaders in the Rebellion of 1715, who was taken prisoner at the battle of Preston, tried in Westminster Hall, and beheaded on Tower Hill, February 24th, 1716. It was erected by Lady Derwentwater in the grounds of the mansion, Horn Lane, Acton, formerly General Skippon's, For instance, in Tom Jones' we find : and afterwards known as Derwentwater House," I don't believe there is arrow a servant in at which house she was at the time residing.

Messrs. F. A. and C. J. Kerven, the owners of Derwentwater House, having given the monument to the Council, it was removed and erected by them on this site in January, 1904."

JOHN T. PAGE.

GEORGE WALLIS, ANTIQUARY AND GUNSMITH (11 S. xi. 452). The following notice of George Wallis is taken from Sheahan's "History of Hull,' p. 613 :—

George Wallis, an eminent and eccentric gunsmith, who, from his great antiquarian knowledge and research, was usually called Wallis the Antiquary, resided at No. 74, Myton-gate [Hull], where he died in 1803, in his 66th year.

Mr. Wallis collected at his house a valuable and interesting m seum of ancient and modern arms and armour; dresses, ornaments, weapons of war, and numerous other articles used by the

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the house," "I don't believe there is arrow a young gentleman," "as good as arrow a squire," and in the same sentence as that in which the last occurs the negative form 'there is narrow a one (Book V. chap. viii. ; Book VI. chap. viii.; Book VIII. chap. ii.). During my boyhood in Ireland forty or fifty years ago, I constantly heard the expressions "airy a one" and nairy a one (or perhaps they should be written aira a one and naira a one") used by town and country people, and probably they are still current. Similar phrases, judging from Harper's Magazine, are in vogue in the Eastern States of America.

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Words are also used by the Irish peasantry in a sense which they have almost lost in England. Once, when I was buying some

fruit from an applewoman in the "City of the Tribes," she remarked on the conclusion of the bargain, Ye had better take the complement," meaning the balance of the contents of her basket, which, it may be remarked, was perfectly good English. One cannot imagine a coster man or woman in England or a farmer's wife addressing one in these terms. PENRY LEWIS.

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In answer to W. B. H. I have been quite familiar since boyhood (c. 1870) with have a right to in the sense of bound to," used by educated people of good social position. I had been led to suppose it originally an East Anglian (Suffolk), or perhaps a Yorkshire use. But the N.E.D.' quotes it from Humphry Clinker,' and there is a fine example from Miss Baker's 'Northamptonshire Glossary.'

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J. L.

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"POILU" (11 S. xi. 470).-The slang use of Poilu the word to be (meaning in ordinary French "hairy ") is perhaps derived from Avoir du poil," the slang phrase to be The ancients believed brave, courageous." that there were men who were born with hair on their hearts, and that this was a sign of courage (Cf. Plin. Secund.,' Hist. Nat.," lib. xi. cap. lxx.). See Études de Philologie comparée sur l'Argot,' by FrancisqueMichel, Paris, 1856, s.v. Poil.'

But what is more interesting is that there is an exact parallel in classical Greek. Δίκαιος εἶναι infinitive means equally " to have a right to (do)" or "to be bound to (do)," according to context.

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H. K. ST. J. S.

Phrase 1 is often heard from witnesses in London Law Courts. Like many other solecisms, it results from a negative falsely reversed. If "You have no right to steal can be replaced by You must not steal," an ignorant man sees no reason why he should not say: You have a right to be fined," in lieu of the more commonplace You must be fined."

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2. One often hears such remarks as A. belongs to those houses" without feeling sure that anything more is meant than that "A. lives in one of those houses." In Cornwall, however, "belong " is almost as elastic as it is in the ports of China. OLD SARUM.

FAMILIES OF KAY AND KEY (11 S. xi. 90, 127, 136, 176, 235). Your correspondent MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE, in his interesting note on this name in connexion with the Lancashire Parish Registers, in mentioning fifty volumes that he has gone through, omits any reference to Bury Parish Church. The neighbourhood of Bury, in Lancashire, seems to have been the earliest home of the Kay family in that county, and at the period when these parish registers commence, in the year 1590-91, there were about a dozen distinct branches of the family established within the boundaries of the parish of Bury. The frequency with which the name occurs in the parish registers is remarkable. It has been computed that between the years 1590-1616 there were recorded 94 marriages of Kays-46 of whom were males

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The Dictionnaire de la Langue Verte," by Alfred Delvau, nouvelle édition, augmented by Gustave Fustier, Paris (1883 or about), has :

"Poil, courage-in the cant (argot) of the people, who, without believing, according to the Ancients, in men who are born with hair on their hearts, are right in supposing that men with hairy bodies are more vigorous than those whose bodies are hairless."

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This belief is not confined to France. ROBERT PIERPOINT.

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With due respect to PEREGRINUS, the nickname Poilu has been bestowed in a more particular sense since the outbreak of war to distinguish the French Territorials, who differ so essentially from our own inasmuch as they are composed chiefly of pères de familles," and men of more mature age than the first-line troops of the French army. The latter are known by the slang term of blonds becs" in order to signify the difference between the younger generation and the old brigade." 66 Previous to the war the word poilu was commonly used to denote a man in the prime of life, un garçon solide," or a male of robust constitution.

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*Ανίχ' Αφαίστου τέχναισιν

how or when we became possessed of it. It now, I am informed, is a treasured possession of the new corps in the messroom at the Temple.

That some connexion between the old corps and Nancy Dawson existed is evident from the fact that its regimental air bore her name and an excellent one it was to march to, I remember, though I cannot say

Χαλκελάτῳ πελέκει πατέρας ̓Αθαναία κορυφὰν κατ' that it reminded me of the tune of the old

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NANCY DAWSON (11 S. xi. 400, 460).-As MR. BLEACKLEY says, there are several references which he gives-to Nancy Dawson in earlier volumes of N. & Q.' MR. E. H. COLEMAN also recapitulated them at 7 S. ix. 496 (1890), in answer to an inquiry I had made as to this lady at p. 378 of that same volume; but this reference MR. BLEACKLEY has no doubt missed, as I had included my inquiry in another subject (Volunteer Regimental Colours') without giving a double title. MR. COLEMAN'S is, I think, the last occasion on which this subject has been discussed in N. & Q.'; but, inasmuch as my inquiry has never yet been answered, and as a quarter of a century has now elapsed since I sent it from Fiji, I would crave the Editor's permission repeat it. It was to ask what connexion existed between this "famous dancer and the old Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers, or "The Devil's Own," as George III. called them-a name which appears to be publicly recognized, as I see it on the notice-board outside the new Lincoln's Inn Orderly-room in Stone Buildings, belonging to their successors, the Inns of Court Officers' Training Corps," which in its modern form has already, I am informed, supplied some 2,500 officers to the military forces of the King in the Great War.

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I believe that there is a portrait in oil of Nancy Dawson in stage costume at the Garrick Club, and several printed portraits are known to exist; but I well remember that there used to be a coloured portrait of her, together with several other prints, in the old orderlyroom in New Square when I was a member of the old corps in the " seventies"; but at that time I could get no information as to

children's game of "Here we go round the mulberry bush," to which several of your correspondents have compared 'Nancy Dawson's Song.' To the tune of this old air, I am told, the new corps still marches.

I would refer your readers to what I said at 7 S. ix. 378, but I should be glad to know how the old "Inns of Court" corps came to adopt Nancy Dawson as its apparent patron. This side of the question has not yet been touched upon by any of your correspondents, early or late. J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.

NOTES ON STATUES AT THE ROYAL

EXCHANGE (2 S. xi. 47; 3 S. i. 267; 7 S. v. 7, 51, 145; 8 S. v. 407, 470; vi. 92, 138, 249, 333; ix. 213; 9 S. ii. 65, 198;' viii. 202; 10 S. x. 491; 11 S. ii. 322, 371, 454, 508; iii. 187, 230, 241, 315, 385, 429, 473; iv. 138, 176, 499; vi. 398; ix. 219; x. 168, 11 S. xi. 468).-Under this head reference is made by MR. J. ARDAGH to Mr. Wilfrid Meynell's article, in The Windsor Magazine for May, 1904, the Royal Exchange.' Those interested should also consult Mr. Charles Welch's

347;

The Pictures in

excellent booklet,Illustrated Account of the Pictures the Royal Exchange and Therein,' where (see 11 S. ix. 220) not only the frescoes are described, but an exhaustive history given of the Royal Exchange with its statues. It costs 6d., and is obtainable at the office in the building, or from either of CECIL CLARKE.

the beadles.

Junior Athenæum Club. [MR. R. PIERPOINT also thanked for reply.] GEORGE BODENS (11 S. xi. 267, 477).-The name of George Bodens appears in the Army List up to (and including) the year 1785, but disappears in 1786. For references to him vide Diary of Madame d'Arblay' (A. Dobson), i. 423; Mems. of Samuel Foote,' W. Cooke, ii. 92-4; The Olio,' Francis Grose, p. 197; Letters of the late Lord Lyttelton' (1780), p. 123; Town and Country Magazine, xiii. 177; Hist. MSS. Com., 15 Rep. App. X. pt. vi. 553; The Grenville Papers,' iv. 278-9.

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The Capt. Charles Bodens mentioned by MR. ROBERT PIERPOINT is no doubt the

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LONDON M.P.'s, 1661: LOVE: TENISON (11 S. xi. 473).—SIGMA TAU is mistaken as to one of the two mentioned. In the Bluebook of Members of Parliament, in the list of the Parliament summoned to meet at Westminster, 8 May, 1661; dissolved 24 Jan., 1678/9, the following appear as members for London City, date of return, 19 March, 1660/61 :—

John Fowke, esq., alderman. Sir William Thompson, knt., alderman. William Love, esq., alderman. John Jones, esq.

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"The House of Commens ordered all their [sic] members to receive the sacrament according to the prescribed liturgy within a certain time, upon pain of being expelled the House."

There is nothing in the Blue - book to show that any one of the four members incurred this penalty. They all appear to have sat throughout this Parliament excepting John Fowke, who died, and was succeeded by Sir John Frederick, knt., alderman, 10 March, 1662/3.

The surname Tenison, in any form, is absent from the Index, but it is curious to note that in 1667 Dr. Tenison, afterwards Primate, married a daughter of Dr. Love,. Dean of Ely.

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According to Dr. Reginald Sharpe's London and the Kingdom,' William Love was a godly man and of good parts,. Congregationalist when first elected, to the discomfiture of City Churchmen. In October, 1661, the King removed two alder-men who had been faulty in the late troubles." Of these Alderman Love was one-possibly he was connected with Christopher Love, a zealous Puritan minister, beheaded on Tower Hill in 1651. Dr. Sharpe calls him in 1679" Alderman" Love, so he may have regained his gown, though he is only officially styled "Esq." He was the only one of the four old members re-elected. Luttrell's Brief Relation' gives us this further information :- Alderman Love, a parliament man for the City of London, being lately (16 May, 1689) dead, Sir Wm. Ashurst is elected to serve in his room." GEORGE RICKWORD. Colchester Public Library. [F. DE H. L., MR. ARCHIBALD SPARKE, and LAMBDA TAU also thanked for replies.]

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THE JUDGMENT OF SOLOMON (11 S. xi.. 455). It is hard to tell, either from 1 Kings One may suppose that the two non-iii. or Josephus's fuller account, which conforming members, Love and (?) Thomptook the sacrament eventually, or possibly that the House did not press the penalty.

son,

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ROBERT PIERPOINT.

The Official Return of Members of Parliament (1877) gives William Love, Esq., alderman," as elected M.P. for the City, 19 March, 1661.

As William Love, Esq., he also appears in the lists under date 17 Feb., 1679, 7 Oct., 1679, and 4 Feb., 1681. He was not elected to the Parliament of 1685, but reappears as a member of the Convention Parliament, 9 Jan., 1689.

woman got the living child; but to my
mind the plaintiff, who says she slept so
carelessly and well as to allow her child to
be changed, would be the more likely
doth protest too much, methinks."
mother to overlay her child. The lady

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W. H. PINCHBECK..

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processions), is kept on 11 May; that of St. Pancras (who was honoured in England at Canterbury, London, Lewes, and elsewhere) on 12 May; and that of St. Servatius, Bishop of Tongres, on 13 May.

It would seem that SS. Mamertus and

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Servatius have no Anglicized forms for their names; and if this is so, it would be extremely improbable that there would be any reference to them in English folk-lore." On 13 May there is, or was, in some French dioceses, the commemoration of St. Christantianus, a martyr of Ascoli, a diocesan see in the ecclesiastical province of Benevento, and a city in the secular province of Foggia. No date is given for his martyrdom; but it is remarkable that his intercession was specially invoked against hailstorms.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

Notes on Books.

Folk Lore Notes.-Vol. I. Guiarat. Compiled from Materials collected by the late A. M. T. Jackson, I.C.S., by R. E. Enthoven, C.I.E. (Mazgaon, Bombay, British India Press; London, Broadway House, Carter Lane, E.C., 3s. 6d. net.)

The belief in miraculous powers_remains common all over the East; but Mr. Enthoven

tells us that "the old practices and beliefs are yearly tending to decay and vanish in contact with the spread of education." An unusually curious tradition relating to the occult powers of a lake in Gujarat is recorded in the following paragraph

A bath in the Man-sarovar near Bahucharāji is said to cause the wishes of the bather to be fulfilled. There is a local tradition that a Rajput woman was turned into a male Rajput of the Solanki class by a bath in its water."

This is recorded by the schoolmaster of Kolki;: and a detailed story recorded by Jairam Vasaram,. of Jodia, of the transformation of a king's daughter into a man, serves to confirm the acceptance of the tradition.

The worship of totems is unknown, though some family or clan names are derived from animals and plants. Tables are given illustrating this feature. The curative properties of various stones are fully discussed, and many primitive methods of securing successful pregnancy described. In fact, the volume contains a mine of information on common beliefs and traditions, on signs and ceremonies, and means of avoiding the ill effects. of the evil eye, and of scaring away disease. Though in no sense of the term "comparative," it. will prove an invaluable work of reference to the student of comparative folk-lore. Unfortunately,. there is no index, and we trust that this desidera-tum will be provided in the forthcoming volume dealing with the folk-lore of the Konkan district.

Calendar of Suffolk Wills proved in the Preroga-tive Court of Canterbury, A.D. 1383-1604. Compiled by C. W. S. Randall Cloke. Edited by T. W. Oswald-Hicks. (Poole & Pemberton.) THIS admirably arranged Calendar should be known to all students of genealogy. Under an alphabet of Suffolk parishes it gives in chronological order a list of all the wills belonging to each several parish, and falling within the above years, to be found in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.

WITH the exception of the late Sir James Camp-A
bell's comparative notes on the folk-lore of Western
India, which are buried in the various numbers
of The Indian Antiquary, the present volume breaks
virgin soil, and Mr. Reginald Edward Enthoven,
the Secretary to the Commerce and Industry
Department of the Government of India, is to be
congratulated upon having rescued these valuable
notes from oblivion. The circumstances at-
tending the murder of Mr. A. M. T. Jackson
in Nasik in December, 1909, led to the raising of
a subscription to be devoted to a memorial. After
the purchase of his valuable library, which was
procured for the Bombay branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, it was decided to finance the
publication of his collected notes on the folk-lore
of the Bombay Presidency. These first appeared
in The Indian Antiquary, and are now being pub-
lished separately in two volumes: those dealing
with the large district of Gujarat forming the
volume now issued, whilst the remainder, dealing
with Konkan or Concan, are being prepared by

R. B. P. B. Joshi.

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About the year 1900 Mr. Jackson circulated to the schoolmasters of the Bombay Presidency Mr. Crooke's list of folk-lore questions. This was done through the agency of the Education Department-surely an excellent way of obtaining information. The answers are arranged under ten main divisions, dealing with Nature Powers,' 'Heroic Godlings,' Disease Deities,' Ancestral Worship,' Worship of the Malevolent Dead, The Evil Eye, Tree and Serpent Worship, Totemism and Fetishism,'' Animal Worship,' and Witchcraft'; whilst a further chapter deals with rites and ceremonies which do not fall within the compass of the above divisions.

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There follows a short alphabet of places belonging to two counties, and a chronological list of Suffolk wills that do not mention An Index of Testators' Names is parishes. appended.

The compiler, in an Introductory Note, states that should the present work meet with acceptance and reimburse the publishers, he is prepared to complete a similar list from the years 1604 to 1800, and has some seventy years of this already in MS. We sincerely hope that genealogists will give Mr. Cloke the requisite encouragement to

continue his valuable work.

Oxon Archæological Journal: April. (Reading, Slaughter & Son;. London, Elliot Stock, 1s. 6d.)

The Berks, Bucks, and

WE congratulate our friend the Rev. P. H. Ditchfield on the coming-of-age of this journal. In his Preface he relates how, twenty-one years ago, he was invited by James Parker to a conference for the purpose of producing a journal to contain the transactions of the various societies connected with the three counties. Mr. Ditchfield modestly attributes its success to its various contributors, and especially to Mr. Charles E. Keyser, who for several years 'has generously

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