Will was proved in 1647. Stapleton's cuirassiers were called "Essex's Life-Guard," and corresponded to Lord Bernard Stuart's cavalier troop.

SIR WILLIAM CONSTABLE. Son and heir of Sir Richard Constable, of Flamborough, co. York, Kt., by Anne, daughter and heiress of John Hussey, of Driffield. He was knighted by the Earl of Essex in Ireland, in 1599, and created a Baronet, 29 June, 1611. He had been Colonel of a Regiment of Foot, and some time Governor of Gloucester, and was one of the signers of the death-warrant of King Charles I.. His will, dated 13 Dec., 1654, was proved 18 July, 1655, by his relict Dame Dorothy, who was the eldest daughter of Thomas, first Lord Fairfax. He left no issue, and the title became extinct. He was buried in Westminster Abbey; but, not only were his remains exhumed after the Restoration and thrown into the common pit in the churchyard, but his estates were especially excepted in the general pardon subsequently granted by King Charles II. His relict died 9 March, 1656, and was buried in the Church of St. Mary Bishophill, Senior, York. See Note to Burials, "Westminster Abbey Registers," edited by Col. J. L. Chester, LL.D., p. 148.

SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR. Of the family of Balfour of Pitcullo, co. Fife, Scotland, gentleman of the King's privy-chamber, and Lieutenant of the Tower of London. Though he had great obligations to the Court, he made no scruple of attaching himself to its most violent opponents. He was turned out of his office as Lieutenant of the Tower a little before the breaking out of the Civil War, and was succeeded by Col. Lunsford. At the battle of Edgehill, Sir William Balfour commanded the reserve, and greatly distinguished himself. He led also the right wing of horse at the Second Battle of Newbury. His Will was proved in 1661.

SIR SAMUEL LUKE. Governor of Newport-Pagnell in 1645. The supposed original of Butler's Hudibras, and author of the Journal of the Siege of Reading, printed in Coate's History of that town.

*

* * *

SIR ARTHUR GOODWIN. Of Wooburn, co. Bucks, the intimate friend and neighbour of John Hampden. Like him, he held a command under the Earl of Essex, and was quartered at Aylesbury in the first campaign. The following interesting letter addressed by Col. Goodwin to his only daughter, Jane, second wife of Philip, Lord Wharton (by whom she was mother of the famous Marquis, and grandmother of the more famous duke, who, soon dissipated the estate which she had brought into the family), conveys a faithful estimate of the patriot's character. "Deere Jenny. * * Let me beg of you to send me a broad black ribbon to hang about my standard. I am now here at Hampden in doing the last duty for the deceased owner of it, of whom every honest man hath a share in the loss, and therefore will labour in the service, for the loss of such a friend; to my own particular, I have no cause of discontent, but rather to bless God he hath not according to my deserts bereft me of you and all the comforts allowed to me. All his thoughts and endeavours of his life was zealously for the cause of God's, which he continued in all his sickness even to his death, for all I can learn, the last words he spoke was to me, though he died 6 or 7 hours after I came away, as in a sleepe, truly Jenny (and I know you may be easily persuaded to it), he was a gallant man, an honest man, an able man, and take all, I know not to

any man living second. God now in mercy hath rewarded him. * * * ARTHUR GOODWIN. Hampden, 26 June, [1643]. To my daughter Lady Wharton at my Lord Wharton's house, Clerkenwell. Carte's MSS., Letters, Bibl. Bodl. v. 103, No. 40.

MAJOR-GENERAL SKIPPON. Philip Skippon was Sergeant-MajorGeneral of the Parliament army, Major-general of the London militia, and governor of Bristol. After the passing of the "self-denying ordinance," he was preferred to the same post in the army that he held before; to which he was thought justly to be entitled in the ground of merit. He was president of the Council of War under the Earl of Essex, and both in the cabinet and the field approved himself an excellent soldier. He commanded the infantry at the battle of Naseby, where he exerted himself with his usual intrepidity. "Magnanimous Skippon," says May, "was grievously wounded, yet would not forsake the battle; but with all possible endeavours performed his part, till the victory was obtained." He was a zealous republican, and indeed went the greatest lengths with that party. His name frequently occurs as a member of the House of Commons in the Interregnum. He was also one of Cromwell's Council of State. He had £1,000 a year in lands of inheritance assigned him by the Parliament for his services. The Duke of Buckingham's estate at Blecheley in Buckinghamshire was given to him, in that nobleman's forfeiture; but at the Restoration it reverted to the real owner. Walker says, "he was heretofore waggoner to Sir Francis Vere;" but if he were a waggoner, which is extremely improbable, it adds much to the greatness of his character, to have been able to raise himself to such eminent posts in the army and the state, under every disadvantage of education. Note to Ricrafts's 'Survey of England's Champions,' 1647, pp. 81, 2. Skippon's colours were:-"From the dexter corner blue clouds and therefrom issuing a naked arm and hand proper, holding a sword proper, hilted or, before this, paleways, a book closed and clasped or; beneath these, on two lines in writing 'Ora et pugna. Juvat et juvabit, Jehovah;' fringed gold and argent." Prestwich's Respublica, p. 38. Skippon won the hearts of his soldiers by such speeches as these, "Come my boys, my brave boys! I will run the same hazard with you; remember the cause is for God: come my honest brave boys! let us pray heartily, and fight heartily, and God will bless us."

MAJOR-GENERAL DEANE. The well-known Parliamentary Generalat-Sea. He was the eldest son of Edward Deane, of Pinnock, co. Gloucester, Esq., by his second wife, Ann Wase. (For an elaborate and admirable account of him and his career, consult his "Life," by the Rev. John Bathurst Deane, published in 1870.) He was killed during the naval engagement with the Dutch on the 2nd June, being only in his forty-second year. He married at the Temple Church, 21 May, 1647, Mary, daughter of John Grimsditch of Knottingley, York, Esq., who survived him, and married at St. Bartholomew the Great, London, 2 January, 1654-5, Colonel Edward Salmon, another well-known Parliamentarian. Colonel [he is described as 'Colonel' in the Register] Deane's remains were ignominiously exhumed after the Restoration, and, with those of others equally eminent in maintaining the honour of the British flag, thrown into a common pit in the churchyard. His will, dated 31 March, 1653, was proved

20 January, 1653-4, by his relict. He left two daughters, Mary and Hannah. The stupid stories propagated by his political enemies as to his vulgar origin and early career have been abundantly disproved by his recent biographer; and posterity is already doing justice to his memory. Note to Burial, Westminster Abbey Registers,' edited by Col. J. L. Chester, LL.D., pp. 146-7.

LIEUT.-GENERAL MIDDLETON. See Appendix to the Second Battle. COLONEL SHEFFIELD. Younger son of the Earl of Mulgrave.

COLONEL JOHN MELDRUM. "There appear," says Col. Chester, in a note to the burial of Col. John Meldrum, in Westminster Abbey, "to have been two eminent military men of this name, both Scotchmen, and both named John, who are often confounded in contemporaneous history. Sir John Meldrum, who was knighted at Windsor 6 August 1622, was undoubtedly the one who took part in the memorable actions at Newark, Hull, Scarborough, etc., and received his deathwound at the last place. His will, dated 24 May, 1645, was proved 2 June, 1647." The Meldrum named in the list of Parliamentary Officers who fought at Newbury was no doubt Colonel John Meldrum, who is said to have been killed at Alresford, Hants. His name occurs in the List of the Parliamentary Army in 1642, as Lieutenant of the 2nd Troop of Horse, under the general command of William, Earl of Bedford, and he evidently obtained rapid promotion. As the Battle of Brandon (or Cheriton) Heath, near Alresford, took place on the 29th March, 1644, and his nuncupative will was made on the 8th of April following, it is probable he was mortally wounded on that day; or, the two dates may be identical, allowing for the difference between Old and New Style. The Will states that he was "very much wounded." It was proved 16 November, 1648, by his relict Jane, then a minor. His remains were included amongst those of other eminent Parliamentarians which were exhumed after the Restoration, and thrown into a common pit in St. Margaret's church-yard.

COLONEL NORTON. See Appendix to the Second Battle.

COLONEL DALBIER. Prominently mentioned in connection with the Siege of Donnington Castle.

CAPTAIN HUNT. An officer in one of the city regiments of trainedbands, slain in the First Battle of Newbury. The 'Mercurius Aulicus' of October 1, 1643, has the following notice of Captain Hunt.-"A confect. maker, in St. Mary, Woolnooth. This Hunt was the first that committed sacrilege in his own parish church (after John Pym's orders for defacing of churches), pulling down the cross from the steeple, the cross from the King's crown over the font, lopping off the hands and pulling out the eyes from the tombs and monuments, cutting off the cherumbim's wings placed upon the arches, and (which both Christian and Jew will abhore) blotting out the dreadful name of God as it stood over the commandments, in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. In this Hunt's pockets were found his watch, his commission from the rebels, an assessment roll of his neigbours at Hackney parish, besides £16 in money, which the souldier had who stript off his Buff."

CAPTAIN FRANCIS ST. BARBE. He was fourth and youngest, but second surviving son of Henry St. Barbe, Esq., of Ashington, co. Somerset, and Broadlands, Hants. His name occurs in the list of killed in this engagement.

CAPTAIN HAMMOND. This was probably the same Captain Hammond

who was engaged in the Second Battle at Shaw, and the King's gaoler at Carisbroke Castle.

CAPTAIN CHARLES FLEETWOOD, afterwards the distinguished Parliamentary general, the son of Sir William Fleetwood, cupbearer to K. Charles I., and comptroller of Woodstock-park. On the breaking out of the war between King and Parliament, Young Fleetwood declared for the latter. He commanded a regiment of cavalry in 1644, and held the rank of Lieut.-General at the battle of Worcester, to the gaining of which, by Cromwell, he largely contributed. He married the Protector's daughter after the death of her first husband Ireton, and was appointed commander of the forces in Ireland in 1652. He strongly opposed Cromwell assuming the title of King in 1657; and was soon after superseded in Ireland by Henry Cromwell, the Protector's youngest son. On the death of Cromwell, he concurred in the appointment of Richard as his successor, but soon after joined in inducing him to resign, and thus paved the way for the Restoration. He died 4th October, 1692, and was buried in Bunhill Fields.

CAPTAIN CHARLES PYM. Son of "King Pym."

WILLIAM TWISSE, D.D., Rector of Newbury. The son of a clothier at Newbury, whose father had immigrated from Germany. He was born at Speenhamland about 1575, in a house said to have stood in the Lamb-and-Castle Yard. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford, became a fellow of New College, 11 March, 1597-8, and was presented to the living of Newbury in 1620 by the Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles I. Twisse was appointed Prolocutor of the Assembly of Divines under the Commonwealth; but on account of his age and infirmities he was soon unable to attend the sittings of the Assembly, and in a few months was taken ill, and laid upon his bed, where he lingered for about a year, and died July 20, 1646. His funeral in Westminster Abbey was attended by most of the members of the House of Commons and the whole of the Assembly of Divines, but his remains were included among those disinterred after the Restoration. His will, dated 9 September, 1645, with a codicil, 30 June, 1646, was proved 6 August in the latter year. He would seem not to have been so reduced in circumstances as the accounts of him usually represent, for, besides other not inconsiderable legacies, he bequeathed his manor of Ashampstead, Berks, to trustees for the benefit of his younger children. He left four sons and three daughters, but his wife (Frances, daughter of Barnabas Colnett, of Combley, Isle of Wight) had predeceased him. (See Note to Burial, 'Westminster Abbey Registers,' edited by Col. J. L. Chester, LL.D., p. 140.) There is a portrait of Dr. Twisse in the Vestry of Newbury Church, which appears, from the Churchwarden's accounts, to have been either painted by, or purchased of, one Richard Jerome, in 1647, a year after Twisse's death, at a cost of one pound fifteen shillings. The following is the entry in the Churchwarden's book:

"1647.-Paid to Richard Jerome for Dr. Twisse his picture. 1. 15. 9."

Dr. Ward, the antiquary, mentions this picture as having been much damaged by cleaning, in 1745.

ROBERT CODRINGTON. The author of the account of the battle, originally printed in 1646, from which extracts have been taken,

N

was second son of Robert Codrington, Esq., of Codrington, co. Gloucester. He was elected Demy of Magdalen Coll., Oxford, 29 July, 1619, when he was about 17 years of age, and took his M.A. degree in 1626. After that he travelled into several foreign lands, and at his return lived a gentleman's life, first in Norfolk, where he married, and finished his life in London, by the plague in the year 1665. Не published many pieces of different taste in his life-time, and left several manuscripts prepared for the press. Though Codrington plainly declares himself a Parliamenteer, his history, so far as it goes, is the least exceptionable and the most comprehensive of any writings on the same subject, in those times; for, besides the character of his hero, the Earl of Essex, he gives us the general opinion, and the ground of the first part of the Civil War; and seems to relate the natural facts without aggravation. He always speaks of the King's Majesty with respect, ascribing the ill-conduct of his affairs and bad success, to the wickedness and heat of the counsels he received; and heartily wishing a good and lasting reconciliation and peace between the King and his Parliament. 'Life and death of Robert, Earl of

Essex,' Harleian Miscell., vol. 1, pp. 211, 212.

VI.-EXTRACTS FROM THE CERTIFICATES OR RETURNS OF THOSE PERSONS WHO, PURSUANT TO AN ORDER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, MADE THE PROTESTATION IN THE COUNTY OF BERKS, 30TH JULY, 1641.

This Protestation was reported and agreed to in the Commons, and ordered to be made by every member of that House, on the 3rd May, 1641. It was agreed to by the Lords, and ordered to be made by every Member of their House on the following day. Subsequently it was resolved that the Protestation is fit to be made by every one, and that that person soever who shall not make the same is unfit to bear office in the Church or Commonwealth, and that it is "A Shibboleth to discover a true Israelite."

The Protestation runs as follows:-I, A. B., do in the presence of Almighty God promise, vow, and protest to maintain and defend as far as lawfully I may with my Life, Power, and Estate, the true Reformed Protestant Religion expressed in the Doctrine of the Church of England against all Popery and Popish Innovations, within this Realm, contrary to the same Doctrine, and according to the duty of my allegiance to His Majesty's Royal Person, Honour, and Estate, as also the Power and Privileges of Parliaments, the lawful Rights and Liberties of the Subjects, and every Person that maketh this Protestation in whatsoever he shall do in the lawful Pursuance of the same; and to my power, and as far as lawfully I may I will oppose and by all good Ways and Means endeavour to bring to Condign Punishment all such as shall, either by Force, Practice, Counsels, Plots, Conspiracies,