alter his resolutions, I shall not fail to return to the army. I am afraid our sitting down before Gloucester has hindered us from making an end of the war this year which nothing could keep us from doing if we had a month's more time which we lost there, for we never were in a more prosperous condition. Before I go hence, I hope some body will come from you, howsoever, I shall have a letter here for you. I have taken the best care I can about my economical affairs; I am afraid I shall not be able to get you a better house, every body thinking me mad for speaking about it. Pray, bless Popet for me and tell her, I would have writ to her but that upon mature deliberation I found it to be uncivil to return an answer to a lady in another character than her own which I am not yet learned enough to do. I cannot by walking about my chamber call anything more to mind to set down here and really I have made you no small compliment in writing thus much for I have so great a cold that I do nothing but sneeze and mine eyes do nothing but water all the while I am in this posture of hanging down my head. I beseech you to present his service to my lady who is most passionately and perfectly yours." They never met again! The day after the battle, the body of the Earl was removed from Newbury, and subsequently interred in the family burial-place at Brington, Northamptonshire.

LORD FALKLAND. Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland, born at Burford, about 1610. He was the eldest son of Sir Henry Cary, of Berkhampstead and Aldenham in Herts, and of Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of Sir Laurence Tanfield, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.* Sir Henry was raised to the peerage of Scotland, November 10, 1620, by the title of Viscount Falkland, and died in September, 1633, when his son Lucius inherited his title and estates. Lord Falkland's reputation for talents, genius, and general literature, by which he was distinguished, may be inferred from several addresses made to him on the occasion of his leaving England in the expedition against the Scots in 1639 with the Earl of Holland, particularly by the poets Waller, Cowley, Ben Jonson, and Suckling, neither of whom would have dared to satirize a man of his character by vain adulation and false praise. Cowley's poem commences with these lines:

"Great is thy charge, O North; be wise and just;
England commits her Falkland to thy trust,
Return him safe; learning would rather choose

Her Bodley or her Vatican to lose.

All things that are but writ or printed there,
In his unbounded breast engraven are;

There all the sciences together meet,

And every art does all his kindred greet."

* In Burford Church is a stately monument to Sir Laurence Tanfield and his lady, with their effigies at full length in the habit of the period; and at their feet Lord Falkland their grandson, who fell at Newbury, is represented in armour, kneeling, with his back towards them; and his helmet was formerly suspended over the tomb. (See Gentleman's Mag. lxi. p. 896. The tour of the Captaine, Lieutenant and Ancient, Lansdown MS. No, 213.) It is said that when the Earl of Essex and his troops lay in Burford Church, June 6th, 1644, they took down the pennons and flags over Tanfield's monument and wore them for scarves. The Manor of Burford was sold by Lord Falkland to Speaker Lenthall in 1634.

M

passage:

And in Waller, we find this
"Ah! noble friend! with what impatience all
That know thy worth, and know how prodigal
Of thy great soul thou art (longing to twist
Bays with that ivy which so early kiss'd
Thy youthful temples), with what horror we
Think on the blind events of war and thee!
To fate exposing that all-knowing breast
Among the throng as cheaply as the rest."

He was chosen Member of Parliament for Newport, April 1640, and again in November of the same year. He distinguished himself by his speeches in Parliament on the subject of ship-money, episcopacy,

&c.

In January, 1641-2, Lord Falkland was sworn of the Privy Council, and became one of the principal Secretaries of State. He followed the King to York, and supported the Royal cause by his pen and his sword till his death. He fought at the battle of Edgehill, and attended the King at the siege of Gloucester. At the First Battle of Newbury, he served in the first rank of Lord Byron's regiment, and whilst charging the enemy he received a musket shot in the stomach, and fell dead from his horse. The body of Lord Falkland was not found till the day after the battle, when it was discovered, says 'Aubrey' "stript, trod upon, and mangled and could only be identified by one who waited upon him in his chamber, by a certain mole his Lordship had upon his neck." The same morning a letter had been sent to Essex by Rupert as follows:

"We desire to know from the Earl of Essex, whether he have the Viscount Falkland, Capt. Burtue [Henry Bertie, brother to the Earl of Lindsey], and Sergt. Major Wilshire* prisoners, or whether he have their dead bodies, and if he have, that liberty may be granted to their servants to fetch them away.

Given under my hand at Newbury this 21 Sept. 1643.

RUPERT."

The body of Falkland having been recovered, it was placed across the back of one of the royal chargers, and mournfully escorted down the hill by a detachment of the King's own troop, and gently laid in the Town Hall. The following morning the corpse was removed to Oxford, thence next day to Great Tew, and interred the following day in the chancel of the parish church of St. Michael, as the register thus records:

"THE 23RD DAY OF SEPTEMBER, A.D. 1643, THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR LUCIUS CARY, KNIGHT,
LORD VISCOUNT OF FALKLAND,

AND LORD OF THE MANOR OF GREAT TEW,

No monument marks the spot, for fear, it is thought, of desecration during the Commonwealth. It must however have been known, as his wife and sons were buried at his side. Lady Lettice was buried at Great Tew, Feb. 27, 1646, leaving behind her a high reputation for virtue and piety.

There were three or more Wilshires, Wilsheers, or Wiltshires, engaged in the Civil War, and it is difficult to determine the identity of the "Sergt.-Major Wilshire," mentioned in Prince Rupert's letter.

Another version, however, of the temporary disposal of the body of Falkland and the other Lords killed at Newbury is furnished by a MS. in the possession of F. D. Hibbert, Esq., of Chalfont House, Gerrard's Cross, entitled "John Saunders, His Book, 1712. The account of my travels with my Mistress."* From this the following is an extract:-"Augt. ye 1. She went in ye Alesbury coach, and I on ye outside, we din'd at ye Crown at Uxbridg, and went that night to Sr Richard Holford's house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, whar we ware welcomely receiv'd, but found my Lady in aweful condiscion. We stayed there till ye 11 of August, then my Mrs. went with Sr Richd. and Lady in their coach, and I on ye outside for Avebury, we sat out on Tuesday, and din'd that day at Mr. Bolding's at ye Crown at Slow, one mile from Winsor, I saw ye Castle as I past ye road. I lay that night at ye Bare, at Reading, which is a large town, and four churches in it, it is a good place for trade, ye river of Thames comes to it, it is ... miles from Slow. Ye 12 we din'd at Mr. Phillips at ye Bare in Spinumlands, in Nuberry parish, whare was ye great fight in ye sivil wars, four noble Dukes [Lords] thare killed and carried into that very house where I dined, it is .. miles from Reading. As I first [came] near Nuberry I see ye fields where many brave English men weare killed, and much blood was spilt there." This statement does not interfere with the accuracy of the tradition already referred to; for it is more than probable that the bodies of all the more important personages who fell during the battle were first received at the Town Hall for identification, and as a temporary measure, and were then individually transferred to other places previous to their final interment, or transmission to the places selected for that purpose. Falkland's body may well have been brought first to the official centre of the town, and then have been moved to the Bear Inn on the Oxford Road, where it was placed in a shell or coffin and prepared for its final removal.

....

It is not difficult to fix the position of the Bear Inn, and Mr. John Tanner's evidence on the point is amply sufficient to establish the fact. In a letter received from him, he states, "I have referred to the papers I wished to see and I find that my impression is correct, namely that the premises now occupied by Mr. Adnams, Mrs. Fidler, and Mr. Hunt (on both sides of the gateway) were the Bear Inn." These buildings are situated on the right hand side of London and Bath road at Speenhamland. Mr. Tanner then goes on to say, "In a deed dated 29th September, 1757, the premises now in the occupation of Messrs. Forster and Abel (which were then known as the Elephant Inn) are described as adjoining to the Chequers Inn on the West, and the two messuages or tenements (formerly the Bear Inn) on the East. These two messuages or tenements were in 1757 in the occupation of John Awbrey and Francis Sheppard, who were, I think, brewers. From Mr. Sheppard they have come down to Mr. E. J. Alderman the present owner.

"It is not many years since in making some alterations in the garden at the back, some skeletons and, I believe, cannon balls were dug up. I heard many years since that the Bear Inn was shut up for some time,

Sarah, youngest daughter of Samuel Trotman, Esq., of Siston Court, Gloucestershire, and Bucknell, Oxon, died in 1684, the wife of the Rev. Dr. Hickes, rector of Whimple, Dorsetshire.

and probably never again opened as an Inn, in consequence of a murder supposed to have been committed, if I remember right in some altercation between the mistress and her cook; one or the other of them was thrown down stairs and killed."

Dr. Pordage, rector of Bradfield, a celebrated enthusiast, placed by Baxter at the head of the Behmenists, was tried at the Bear Inn, Speenhamland, in 1654, before the Commissioners of Berks, appointed by an Ordinance of the Lord Protector Cromwell and his council for ejecting "Scandalous, Ignorant, and Insufficient Ministers." The Commissioners at the first sitting consisted of Mr. Fettyplace, chairman, Mr. Samuel Wightwick, Mr. Samuel Dunch, Major Fincher, Major Allin, Mr. Evelyn, Mr. Angell Bell, Mr. Mills, Mr. Cox, and Mr. Stroude, with Mr. Woodbridge, rector of Newbury, Mr. Christopher Fowler, vicar of St Mary's, Reading, Mr. Hughes, Mr. John Tickell, of Abingdon, and other ministers as assistants. The Commissioners sat at the Bear Inn, Speenhamland, on Oct. 5th, Oct. 19th, and Nov. 2nd, 1654, and at the Bear Inn, Reading, on Nov. 22nd. and Dec. 7th. Sentence of ejectment was pronounced the day following the last sitting. The case is given in extenso in State Trials, vol. ii. pp. 217, 259.

The night previous to the battle, Lord Falkland slept at the house of a Mr. Head, in Cheap Street, yet standing, and occupied by Mr. Joplen, and early next morning, by his express wish, the sacrament was administered to him by Dr. Twiss, the then Rector of Newbury, in the presence of Mr. Head and his whole family, who attended at Lord Falkland's especial request. The apartment which tradition points out as being the scene of Falkland's last communion is still preserved, and contains a curious cupboard fitted into a recess, concealed by a panel. The cupboard is of mahogany, and the shelllike ornament at the top and the mouldings are gilt.

COPY OF LORD FALKLAND'S WILL, FROM THE PREROGATIVE

COURT OF CANTERBURY.

"SIR LUCIUS CARY, KNT., VISCOUNT OF FALKLAND, in perfect health and memory. My soul to God, my body to earth to be buried as my ex'trix shall think fit. All my personal estate to my dearly beloved wife, Lettice, Viscountess of Falkland, whom I appt. my ex'trix. She to have the education of my three sons, Lucius, Henry, and Lorenzo, and to bear the charges of educating my younger sons Henry and Lorenzo."

Dated 12 June, 18 Charles, 1642. (Signed) FALKLAND. Witnesses Robert Stanior, Thomas Hinton. Proved at Oxford, 20 October, 1643 by Lettice, Viscountess of Falkland.

Seal. Arms and crest of Cary, with a label of 3 points; no coronet. The Will, all but the signatures "Falkland" and "Thomas Hinton," seems to be in Robt. Stanior's handwriting. With it is a copy altogether in one hand without seal and the signature written "Falkland." No notice of date or time of death. (See 'Herald and Genealogist,' vol. iii. p. 133.)

PARLIAMENTARIAN OFFICERS AND OTHERS.

EARL OF ESSEX. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, was only son of the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, and inherited much of his father's popularity. He acquired, in the Low Countries, a great reputation as a soldier; a kind of merit that was despised by James I, and overlooked by Charles. His courage was great, his honour was inflexible; but he rather waited for, than sought opportunities of fighting; and knew better how to gain, than improve a victory. When he took the command of the Parliament Army, he was better qualified than any man in the kingdom for that post; but was soon eclipsed by a new race of soldiers, who, if not his superiors in the art of war, went far beyond him in spirit and enterprise. He died the fourteenth of September, 1646; and his death helped to open a way for the ambition of Cromwell. An account of the recent discovery of the burial place of the Earl appears on page 65.

LORD ROBARTES, OR ROBERTS. John, Lord Robartes, second baron of Truro, co. Cornwall, created Viscount Bodmin, and Earl of Radnor, 1679. "That which in the first place crownes all his actions, was the fierce and famous battell at Newberry, where this noble lord lead on the battell in his owne person, charging the maine body of the King's army with such resolution, as did inliven the London Brigade to second and relieve them suddenly: yet notwithstanding this noble champion stood to the fight, and lead up other souldiers,, and incouraged them, and so continued untill the enemy retreated with great losse of men and armes." Ricraft's 'Survey of England's Champions,' 1647. At the Restoration he was well received by Charles II., and appointed a Privy Councillor, Lord Privy Seal, and Viceroy of Ireland. He died at Chelsea in 1685. Dr. Calybute Downing, the famous Puritan divine, Rector of West Ilsley, near Newbury, was chaplain to Lord Robartes' regiment.

LORD GREY OF GROBY. Thomas Grey, son of Henry, second Lord Grey, created Earl of Stamford, 26 March, 1628. He was one of the King's judges, and his signature appears on the warrant of execution. SIR JOHN MEYRICK. He had served in the royal army, and was knighted by the King, but he deserted to the Parliament, and was made Sergeant-Major-General by the Earl of Essex, and, afterwards, at the siege of Reading appointed General of the Ordnance, being superseded in his former office by the famous Skippon, by order of Parliament. Sir John Meyrick's Will was proved in 1659.

SIR PHILIP STAPLETON. Inherited "but a moderate estate in Yorkshire, and, according to the custom of that country, had spent his time in those delights which horses and dogs administer." A Member of the Long Parliament; joined in the prosecution of Strafford; opposed the self-denying ordinance, 1644. Withdrew beyond sea, and died at Calais as soon as he landed. "Was denied burial upon imagination that he had died of the plague." "Peacock's Army List," p. 25. His