than this, some who went to the University of Virginia to study Greek with Professor Price, later became distinguished teachers in other fields: James H. Kirkland (now Chancellor of Vanderbilt University) in Latin; in English these gentlemen: Charles W. Kent, late Professor of English at the University of Virginia; J. D. Bruce, Arthurian scholar and late Professor of English at the University of Tennessee; J. B. Henneman, late Professor of English in the University of the South; and W. P. Trent, Professor of English in Columbia University. In 1882 Dr. Price was called to the chair of English in Columbia University, where he remained until his death in 1903. He did much excellent work at Columbia as teacher and as investigator in Chaucer and in Shakespeare. But his most enduring monument is to be found in the fact that he inspired so many others to become enthusiastic scholars and teachers.11a

11a Besides Professor Irby's article see concerning Professor Price the following: J. B. Henneman's "English Studies in the South," already referred to by me; Barringer, Garnett, and Page's University of Virginia (2 vols., New York, 1904), Volume I of which (pp. 432435) contains a sketch of Dr. Price signed W. M. T. (probably Professor W. M. Thornton, of the University of Virginia); W. P. Trent, "Thomas Randolph Price," in the Columbia University Quarterly, Vol. V, 1903, pp. 302-304; and a "Minute" adopted by the Faculty of Columbia University concerning the death of Professor Price, in the same periodical, Vol. V, 1903, pp. 304-306. The last three articles were not accessible to me until after I had delivered this lecture; and, as Professor Price's modesty had allowed him to give only seven lines to the sketch of himself in Who's Who in America for 1901-1902, I append here a few facts gleaned from these sources. Mr. Price was a student of Professor Basil L. Gildersleeve at the University of Virginia, where he received the M.A. degree in 1858; subsequently he spent three years in study at the universities of Berlin and of Kiel. He served in the Confederate Army, and became Captain of Engineers. He was the first to hold the Professorship of the English Language and Literature at Columbia, and was President of the Modern Language Association in 1900. How highly he was esteemed by his colleagues may be judged from this passage, occurring in the "Minute," p. 306: "Dr. Price's culture was cosmopolitan; and the range of his intellectual interests extraordinarily wide. He had perhaps the broadest equipment of any scholar connected with

Other Southern colleges besides the two Virginia ones just discussed (the University of Virginia and RandolphMacon) shortly after the Civil War began to give instruction in the historical study of English. According to Dr. Henneman (l.c., p. 124), during the time that General Robert E. Lee was President of Washington and Lee University (1865-1870) Dr. Edward S. Joynes gave instruction in historic English along with that in French and German at that institution. About this time Col. Wm. Preston Johnston, later President of Tulane University, was called to a newly established chair of History and English Literature in Washington and Lee (1867-1880); Dr. J. L. M. Curry, later ambassador to Spain, gave a course in English at Richmond College (1868-1881), Virginia, which was "expressly declared to be of equal importance with the classics;" and Dr. Thomas Hume, an alumnus of Richmond College (B.A., 1855) and a graduate student of the University of Virginia (1856-1859), gave definite courses in English at the Roanoke College for Women (1867-1871), and later was Professor of English at the University of North Carolina (1885-1907). And if I may be pardoned for mentioning the fact, in 1876 my father (the Rev. Morgan Callaway, D.D.) was requested to relinquish his chair of Latin in Emory College, Georgia, in order to inaugurate a chair of English Language and Literature in the same institution; and, though in the forties, he buckled down to learning at first-hand and then to teaching Old English and Middle English in addition to Rhetoric and Modern English Literature.

To sum up our story thus far, in the United States the historic study of English was first offered at the University

the University, and he was continually broadening his outlook." Winsome, indeed, must have been his personality, as may be judged from this tribute by Dr. George Edward Woodberry, at one time Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University (quoted by W. M. T., l.c., p. 434): "He blended deference with dignity and grace with strength, and he had uncommon sweetness of nature. There was no man whom it was so simple to love."

of Virginia,12 in 1825, at the instance of Thomas Jefferson, who wrote his Essay on the Anglo-Saxon Language before 1798, though it was not printed till 1851. Edward Dromgoole Sims, an alumnus of the University of North Carolina and a graduate student of the University of Halle, Germany, taught Old English at Randolph-Macon College in 1839; and at the University of Alabama, between 1842 and 1845, partially completed an Anglo-Saxon Dictionary and an Anglo-Saxon Grammar (manuscript copies of which were found in 1890). A little later (1848-1849) Louis F. Klipstein, an alumnus of Hampden-Sidney College, Virginia, who had taken his Ph.D. at the University of Giessen, Germany, was the first in America to publish text-books on Anglo-Saxon. After the Civil War a renaissance in the historic study of English was launched by Thomas R. Price at Randolph-Macon College, while Professor of Greek (and Latin), 1868-1876. And the torch lighted by him was carried far and wide in the South. For one I am proud of this early work for the historical study of English in the colleges of the South.

For another great factor in strengthening the sense of historic continuity in English and other modern languages we are largely indebted to a Southerner, A. Marshall Elliott, a native of North Carolina, who was valiantly aided by a Pennsylvanian, Dr. James Wilson Bright. Chiefly by the untiring efforts of these two men, at Columbia University, New York, in 1883, was organized the Modern Language Association of America. A glance at the Publications of this Association will show how deep is the debt of American scholars to these two men, who for the first fifteen years in its life successively served the Association as SecretaryEditor (Elliott from 1883 to 1892 and Bright from 1893 to 1901). And of scarcely less benefit was the establishment of periodicals devoted especially to the Modern Languages, such as Modern Language Notes, at the Johns

12 By George Blaettermann.

Hopkins University, in 1886; Studies and Notes in Philology, at Harvard, in 1892; The Journal of Germanic Philology, at the University of Indiana, in 1897 (which became The Journal of English and Germanic Philology in 1903, and since 1905 has been published at the University of Illinois); Modern Philology, at the University of Chicago, in 1903; Studies in Philology, at the University of North Carolina, in 1906; and various Studies published at irregular intervals by a number of universities throughout the country, such as Yale Studies in English (begun in 1898), Columbia Studies in English (later Columbia Studies in English and Comparative Literature) (begun in 1899), Cornell Studies in English (begun in 1917), etc., etc.

But, since this lecture is devoted chiefly to the early teachers of the English Language in the United States, I must now consider the work of other distinguished pioneers, chiefly those of the New England States.

Though not primarily a teacher, George Perkins Marsh12a (1801-1882), a Vermonter who was educated at Dartmouth College, published two meritorious works on the history of the English Language: (1) Lectures on the English Language, First Series, delivered at Columbia College, New York, during the session of 1858-1859, and published by Scribner, Armstrong & Co., New York, 1859 (4th ed., 1861); (2) The Origin and History of the English Language and of the Early Literature It Embodies, delivered as lectures at the Lowell Institute, Boston, in 1860-1861, and published by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1862 (revised ed., 1885). Mr. Marsh was a man of varied accomplishments. As early as 1838 he had translated from the Danish Rask's Icelandic Grammar. He served as Minister to Turkey, 1849; as Special Minister to Greece, 1852; and as our first Minister to the Kingdom of Italy, 1861.

12a See the Cambridge History of American Literature, Vol. III, 1921, p. 473, and the "Prefaces" to Marsh's two works on the history of the English Language.

In 1862 he edited Wedgwood's Dictionary of English Etymology (with additions), and in 1864 he published a work entitled Man and Nature. He died in Italy in 1882.

The Rev. Samuel Moore Shute,12b who was born at Philadelphia, Pa., on January 24, 1823, who graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1844, who studied Theology in the Seminary of the Reformed Church at Philadelphia, and who was for several years a Baptist pastor at Pemberton, N. J. (1853-1856), and at Alexandria, Va. (1856-1859), in 1859 became Professor of the English Language and Literature in Columbian College, Washington, D. C., where he remained until his death in 1902. In 1867 Professor Shute published a useful Manual of Anglo-Saxon for Beginners, comprising a Grammar, Reader, and Glossary, with Explanatory Notes, Leypoldt and Holt, New York, 1867 (3rd ed., with Corrections and a Supplementary Glossary, 1875). In his "Preface," Professor Shute says that his Grammar is based largely upon Moritz Heyne's Kurze Laut-und Flexionslehre der Altgermanischen Sprachstämme, Paderborn, 1862, "which Professor (James) Hadley has so satisfactorily reproduced in his very able Brief History of the English Language, in the Introduction to the last edition of Webster's Dictionary" (1864), and upon Klipstein's AngloSaxon Grammar (for the rules of syntax). Perhaps you will pardon me for adding that Shute's Manual, in the hands of him whose name I unworthily bear, gave me my introduction to Anglo-Saxon, at Emory College, in 1878.

Hiram Corson (1828-1911), who was born at Philadelphia, Pa., on November 6, 1828, taught English for a while at St. John's College, Maryland (1866-1870); and, according to a letter from the present Dean of St. John's College, Professor W. R. Agard, Dr. Corson introduced the study of Anglo-Saxon into that college in the session of 1868-1869. In 1870 Mr. Corson was made Professor of English at Cornell University, a position that he held until his death, in

12b See Who's Who in America for 1901-1902 and for 1902-1903, and the "Preface" to Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon.