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War and the exploits of heroes are the common themes of the Saxon poet; these are the elements of the poem of Beowulf, the Sea-Goth; Cædmon rises to the contemplation of heavenly things; and Alfred sung of nature, of science, and the discursiveness of the mind, but no one caught the inspiration of beauty or loveliness and portrayed the delicate features of nature or celebrated the passion of love. Woman imparted nothing of purity or tenderness to their literature and Christianity did not develop the finer sensibilities.

This is one of the most pathetic pieces in the Saxon language; it is written in a truly plaintive and somewhat touching strain. The absence of his lord makes the world a joyless abode to the exile; he sits in his earthly cave, the long summer day and weeps; the grave is guarding his friends and his mind can

never rest.

I this lay compose (a)
Of myself, full sad ;

(a) Ic this gied wrece

By me, ful geomorre;
Minre sylfre sith

Ic thaet secgan maeg

Of my own journeying,
That I may say

Hwaet ic yrmtha gebad
Siththan ic up aweox
Niwes othe caldes.

What miseries I have endured

Since I grew up

Lately or of old..

I serve no man now

I have always struggled with suf.

fering

Chiefly of my exile path.

My lord departed

Hence from his people

Over the lake of the waves:

I had daily anxiety

In what lands

My chieftain was

When I departed to go

To seek his service :

A friendless exile's journey.

The hardships of my woes began
That this man's
Relations contrived
Thro' perverted thought
To separate us two;

That we two, most widely (y)
In the world's kingdom
Should live most like enemies
And I was weary
That my lord ordered me
To be here taken hardly way.

"I have little that I love (b)
In this country

of faithful friends.

For this my mind is sad
When I fully equal to me
Have found no man

In hard fortune

Sad in mind,

Depressed in spirit
Musing on destruction.

In blithe habits

Full oft we two agreed

That nought else should divide us Except death alone;

At length this is changed

And as if it never had been

Is now our friendship.

The bond is far broken (c)
Of my greatly beloved.

To endure enmities (d)
Man orders me to dwell
In the bowers of the forest,
Under the oak tree

In this earthy cave.

Cold is this earth-dwelling:
I am quite wearied out.
Dim are the dells.
High up are mountains
Abi tter city of twigs
With briars overgrown,
A joyless abode

Full oft wrath here me

Has pursued from my lord's path,

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Once forsakes,

And in woe forgets

The everlasting joy,

And rushes into the darkness

Of this world,

Afflicted with cares!

Thus has it now befallen

This my mind;

Now it no more knows

Of good for God,
But lamentations
For the eternal world:

To it is need of comfort.

(e) Frynd synd en earthan
Leof lif gende
Leger weardiath
Thon ic on whtare
Ana gange.
Under ac treo

METRE, VI.

Then wisdom again

His treasury of words unlocked,
Sung various maxims,

And thus expressed himself.
When the sun

Clearest shines,

Serenest in the heaven,

Quickly are obscured

Over the earth

All other stars:

Because their brightness is not

Brightness at all,

Compared with

The sun's light.

When mild blows

The south and western wind Under the clouds,

Then quickly grow

The flowers of the field,
Joyful that they may.
But the stark storm,
When it strong comes
From north and east
It quickly takes away

Geond thas earth scrafa.
Thaer ic sittan mot
Summer langne daeg.

Thaer ic wepan maeg
Mine wraec sithas
Earfotha fela.

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Above the firmainent.
And below ;

And in like manner rules

All the creatures

Of the world.

This is the Wise King

This he that governs

Over the nations of men,
And all the other
Kings of the earth.
He with his bridle
Hath restrained around
All the revolutions

Of earth and heaven.
He his governing reigns
Well coerces.
He governs ever

Through his strong might
All the swift cars

Of heaven and earth.

He the only judge is steadfast,
Unchangeable,

Beauteous and great.

If thou turnest right in thy way

Up to that country,
Thou wilt find it
A noble place;

Though thou now yet
Hast not obtained it.
If thou ever again
There canst come
Then wilt thou say

And soon declare :-. "This is entirely

My own kindred Earth and country. Formerly from hence

I came and was born

Through the might of his artificer. I will never

Depart hence from it

But I always here
Will softly

With my wings desire
Firmly to stand."

If to thee then

It should ever again happen
That thou wilt or must
The world's darkness

Again try;

Thou mighest easily look on
The unrighteous kings of the earth
And the other arrogant rich,
That this weak folk

Worst torment.

And see that always They be very wretched; Unmighty

In every thing;

Even the same

That they, wretched folk

Some while now

Most srtongly dreaded.

Page 184.

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