Thermoregulation and Bioenergetics: Patterns for Vertebrate Survival

achieved acid active adaptation ambient temperature animal appear basic become biological blood body body temperature capacity cell Chapter chemical cold comparative computed concept conductance constant continuous conversion cooling critical described discussed dogs effect energy environment enzyme equation essential et al example exchange expressed extreme factor fall Figure fish flow function glucose heart heat heat production hibernation homeotherms hypothermia important increase insulation limits living loss lower maintain means measured mechanisms membrane metabolic rate minimal nature needed normal noted observations occurs organ oxidation oxygen physiologic poikilotherms position presented principle processes production protein RAMR range ratio reaction regulation relation relationship relative remain require response resting seen shape showed similar skin sleep species squirrel stimulation structure suggested surface Table temperature thermal thermogenesis tissue torpidation unit various vary vertebrate weight