Dicenda Musis proelia; non ferox Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Paulum sepultae distat inertiae Impune, Lolli, carpere lividas Vindex avarae fraudis et abstinens 29. inertia, Bentl. conj.-31. sileri, some Codd. 21. dicenda, 'to be spoken of, to be recorded' (comp. above C. 4, 4, 68: Proelia conjugibus loquenda). 24. pro conjugibus, &c. comp. Hom. II. 17, 223 sq.: ἵνα μοι Τρώων αλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα Προφρονέως ῥύοισθε φιλοπτολέμων ὑπ' Αχαιών, and I. 24, 729 sq. of Hector: ὅςτε μιν αὐτήν (sc. πόλιν) Ρύσκεν, ἔχες δ' ἀλόχους κεδνὰς καὶ νήπια τέκνα. 26. illacrimabiles, the Greek aκλavσTOL, 'unlamented, unwept' (in Ov. Met. 7, 611 indefletus); different from illacrimabilis Pluto, above C. 2, 14, 6. 27. urgentur premuntur, ' are overwhelmed, oppressed,' (comp. above C. 1, 24, 5 sq.: Ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor Urget). 28. quia, poetic. put after a word in the phirase-vate sacro = poëtâ, 'of the sacred bard' (called 'sacred' as protected by Apollo, Mercury, &c). 29 and 30. construe: celata virtus distat (= differt) paulum sepultae inertiae (dative a sepulta inertia), i. e. heroism not celebrated (by songs) differs little from cowardice (is almost as soon forgotten as cowardice) which lies buried and consigned to oblivion. 35. rerum, sc. civilium bellicarumque, 'civil and military affairs.' 36. dubiis adversis, 'adverse circumstances.' 37. vindex avarae fraudis, i. e. qui in magistratu severe punit fraudes et avaritiam-consul, here metonym. of the personified animus (as likewise: animus rector, rex, censor, &c). Ode 10 Judex honestum praetulit utili, Non possidentem multa vocaveris Duramque callet pauperiem pati, all. 241.242.24?, See. th CARMEN XII. AD VIRGILIUM. 45 50 Dated variously from 736 to 740. This Ode is inscribed to Virgilius, regarding whose identity with the great poet of that name there is very great doubt and uncertainty. If this ode were addressed to the poet Virgil, it must have been composed before all the other odes in this book. Moreover, as Orellius judiciously observes, the poet Virgil could not be correctly described as "Juvenum nobilium cliens;" for, although he enjoyed the intimate friendship of Augustus and Livia, he was never known to pay court to their stepsons and nephews. And lastly, the imputation of "studium lucri" was one which Horace could never have cast upon his illustrious friend. The Virgil here referred to may have been a relative of the poet, or he may have been a grandson of C. Vergilius or Virgilius, the Prætor, but his precise identity we have no means of ascertaining. The subject of the ode, however, is obvious enough. Horace 41. utili et, some Codd., Bentl.-52. peribit, some Codd. 41. judex, i. e. unus de judicibus selectis. 42. alto, i. e. despiciente, 'contemptuous.' 43 and 44. per obstantes catervas explicuit (= expedivit) arma, a military term. techn. applied to the temptations of bribery through which the honest judge had to force his passage. 45. sq. non belongs to vocaveris, 'you will not call-recte, 'with propriety, consistently with true wisdom.' 46. occupat = sibi vindicat,' claims.' 49. callet, well knows,' poetic. with the infin. (pati) as an accus. 50.. pejus, more expressively than magis (comp. below Ep. 1, 17, 30: Alter Mileti textam cane pejus et angui Vitabit chlamydem, and Cic. Fam. 7, 2: Oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum). 52. non timidus, poetic. with the infin. (perire)-non timidus = paratus, 'ready,' per Meiosin. invites Virgilius to an entertainment, in which each guest was to contribute some article to the feast. The poet engages to supply a cask of wine, on condition that Virgilius should provide a box of unguents. JAM veris comites, quae mare temperant, Nidum ponit, Ityn flebiliter gemens, Infelix avis et Cecropiae domus Aeternum opprobrium, quod male barbaras Dicunt in tenero gramine pinguium Custodes ovium carmina fistulâ Delectantque deum, cui pecus et nigri Adduxere sitim tempora, Virgili; 5 10 CARM. 12.-11. delectante, some Codd.-13. Vergili, Cod. Bern.-16. mereberis, some Codd., Bentl. 15 Carm. 12. 1. veris comites, apposi- | γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα...ὄνειδος Εσσομαι.) tion to the foll. animae Thraciae = 6. infelix avis, i. e. the swallow, into which Procne, the mother of Itys, was changed; accord. to others, Horace here follows the tale which represents her to have been changed into a nightingale, comp. espec. Sappho fragm.: 'Hpos ἄγγελος, ἱμερόφωνος ἀηδών-Cecropiae, poetic. for Athenian' (Cecrops having been the first king of Athens). 7. opprobrium, poetic. of a person, like the Greek ἔλεγχος and όνειδος (comp. Hom. I. 2, 235: Ω πέπονες, κάκ' ἐλέγχε, 'Αχαιίδες, and ib. 16, 498: σοὶ } male here nimis atrociter, too cruelly.' 8. regum libidines, poetic. the plur. inst. of the sing. (comp. above C. 1, 14, 7: carinae, and C. 3, 5, 52: reditus). 9. dicunt modulantur, canunt (comp. above C. 3, 4, 1: dic age tibia ...longum Calliope melos). 10. fistula, sc. invented by Pan (comp. Virg. Ecl. 2, 32). 11. deum, i. e. Pana. 13. Comp. above C. 3, 29, 20: Sole dies referenti siccos. 14. Calibus, comp. C. 1, 20, 9: prelo domitam Caleno uvam, and see the Excurs. to that Ode-Liberum, poetic. vinum. 16. merebere, poetic. redimes, 'thou must buy. Nardi parvus onyx eliciet cadum, Ad quae si properas gaudia, cum tua Verum pone moras et studium lucri, Dulce est desipere in loco. 20 25 CARMEN XIV. AD AUGUSTUM. Inscribed to Augustus, and probably written in the same year with the fourth. ode of this book, A. U. C. 741. In that fourth ode, Horace had celebrated the exploits of the emperor's younger stepson, Drusus Nero, and in this ode he extols in similar terms the military skill and courage displayed by the elder stepson, Tiberius, in the subjugation of the Raeti, A. U. C. 739. In both odes, however, the poet ascribes the success of the two brothers to the wise training and counsels of their imperial stepfather. mo habeo, volo, I do not intend' (to moisten thee, &c.)-tingere = madefacere, irrigare. 25. pone moras, comp. above 3, 29, 5: Eripe te morae-studium lucri, jocosely for negotia, all other, earnest business (comp. below Ep. 1, 5, 8: Mitte leves spes et certamina divitiarum). 26. nigrorum ignium, i. e. lugubris rogi, 'the dark flames' (of the funeral pile). 27. consiliis, i. e. severiori sapientiae. 28. desipere, to unbend, give loose (comp. above C. 3, 19, 18: Insanire juvat)-in loco suo loco, opportuno tempore, ἐν καιρῷ, at the proper shar n 'scot-free-meditor in ani- time.' CARM. 14.-4. fastus, some Codd., Bentl. (comp. the same variety above C. 3, 17, 4).-11 Brennosque, some Codd.-15. Rhetos, Rethos, Rhaetos, some Codd. 7. expertes legis Latinae, i. e. antea non subjecti imperio Romano, not previously subject to the Roman empire.' 8. sq. Vindelici, Genaunos, Breunos, see the Index of Proper Names-didicere novere, sensere cum damno et clade suâ (comp. above 4, 4, 25: catervae...sensere quid mens...posset). 11. sq. arces impositas Alpibus =castella ab eis in Alpibus exstructa (comp. below Ep. 2, 1, 252: arces montibus impositas). 13. dejecit, expressively = velut e montium verticibus deturbavit, has thrown down'--plus (quam) vice simplici, i. e. with more than a simple retribution, retaliation.' 14. major Neronum, i. e. Tiberius Claudius Nero. 17. sq. spectandus...quantis, &c., i. e. dignus qui spectaretur tunc, quum fatigaret magnis cladibus, &c. 18. pectora, sc. hostium, Raetor m- |