7. Proteus, the sea-god in the service of Neptune, whose sea-calves he kept.

9. construe: et (quum) genus piscium haesit (in) summâ ulmo;—et poetic., like an enclitic, is very often put after the word which it ought to introduce (comp. below verse 18; 39; 1, 12, 11; 1, 31, 10; 1, 37, 8 al.)

11. superjecto, i. e. tegente omnia, 'poured over the earth.'

13. flavum Tiberim, the yellow Tiber'-(yellow from the great quantity of sand which it carries along with it) --undis (i. e. aquis fluminis) violenter retortis (a mari) litore Etrusco, 'when the waves (i. e. the waters of the Tiber) were violently driven back (by the swollen sea) from the Etruscan shore' (upon the Roman side of the river).

15. dejectum, supine, to demolish'monumenta regis, i. e. the memorial (palace, Regia) of King Numa, joined with the temple of Vesta, and both situated on the Sacra Via, at the foot of the Palatine hill (comp. below S. 1, 9, 35: Ventum erat ad Vestae).

10.

15

20

17. Iliae, i. e. to Rea Silvia, mother of Romulus, and therefore ancestress of Julius Caesar, and, according to Horace, the wife of the river-god Tiberis, hence in v. 20: uxorius amnis, 'obsequious to his wife's will '-nimium querenti, i. e. inordinately complaining of the murder of Julius Caesar, her descendant.

18 and19. sinistrâ labitur ripâ, i.e. ‘overflows his left bank'-Jove non probante, against the will of Jupiter' (the protector of Rome and her sacred buildings).

19 and 20. u-xorius, the word divided to suit the kind of verse, (thus in the foll., C. 2, 16, 7 sq.: ve-nale; S. 2, 3, 117 sq. unde-octoginta; Ep. 2, 2,93 sq.: circum-spectemus; Ep. 2, 2, 188 sq.: unumquodque; A. P. 290 sq.: unum-querque; and A. P. 424 sq.: inter-noscere).

21, &c. construe: audiet juventus, rara (=imminuta) vitio parentum (‘posterity thinned, reduced in numbers by the guilt of the fathers'), cives acuisse, ferrum, quo, &c.

22. graves Persae, (poet. for Parthi, the formidable Parthians.

25. vocet rebus (dative) imperî (i. e. imperii) invocet ut succurrat imperio.

26. prece, poetic. also, in sing. of 'prayer'-fatigent, expressively=assiduis precibus exorent, by what assiduous prayers shall they importune Vesta?'

27. virgines sanctae, i. e. VestalesVestam minus audientem (= aversantem), carmina (= preces), 'Vesta unwilling to attend to their prayers' (on account of the murder of Cesar).

32. augur, as god of prophecy, comp. below Carm. Saec. 61: Augur,...Phoebus, and Virg. A. 4, 376: Nunc augur Apollo, Nunc Lyciae sortes, &c.

34. quam circum circum quam by Anastrophe (comp. below C. 2, 16, 33: te circum, and C. 3, 3, 11: quos inter). 86. respicis, look upon, i. e. have a

care for, regard, are mindful of' (comp. the epithet respiciens of the goddess Fortuna; and Virg. Ecl. 1, 28: Libertas, quae sera, tamen respexit inertem) -auctor, i. e. Mars, as progenitor of the Roman race.

37. ludo, sc. bellico.

38. juvat, the sing. of the verb with several subjects, if each or one of them is in the sing. (comp. below C. 1, 3, 1, sq.: Sic te diva potens Cypri, Sic fratres Helenae...Ventorumque regat pater; C. 1, 4, 16: Jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes; C. 1, 6, 9, sq.: Dum pudor imbellisque lyrae Musa potens vetat; C. 1, 35, 21: Te Spes et albo rara fides colit; and many other passages)-léves politae, burnished.' 39 and 40. construe: et vultus Mauri peditis acer, in cruentum (=cruore aspersum) hostem (i e. Romanum).

5

10

15

Pollux, the Dioscuri, the tutelary stars of mariners.

3. Ventorum pater, i. e. Aeolus-regat, 'lead, direct thee' (a ship); as to the singul., see above note to C. 1, 2, 38.

5 and 6. tibi creditum, &c., thou owest him who is entrusted or lent, as it were, to thee.'

8. dimidium animae meae, expressive of heartfelt fondness.

9. illi, &c., meaning of the sentence: that man must have armed his breast against all fear, who first entrusted his life to a frail raft-robur, poetic. = clipeus roboreus, an oak-wood shield 'aes triplex, poetic. - lorica ex triplici❘ aeris laminâ conserta, a cuirass, corslet of triple brass.'

10. truci minitanti pericula, 'ferocious, menacing.'

13. decertantem=acriter pugnantem; comp. below C. 1, 9, 11: ventos deproeliantes-Aquilonibus, dative poetic.

(inst. of: cum Aquilonibus).

15. quo (comp. ablat.) 'than whom' (no greater ruler of the Hadriatic Sea). 16. construe: (si) vult tollere seu vel si) ponere componere, 'to calm') freta (= mare).

17. mortis gradum, step, approach of death.'

18. siccis oculis sine lacrimis, with 'tearless eyes;' comp. Esch. Sept. Theb. 698: ξηροῖς ἀκλαύστοις όμμασι, and esp. of a shipwrecked person, Propert. 3, 7, 55: Flens tamen extremis dedit haec mandata querelis.

20. infames, ill-famed' (on account of the great number of shipwrecks caused by them).

22. dissociabili, here in active sense, 'separating, dividing' (comp.: penetrabile telum, piercing spear, Virg. En. 10, 481, and Boreae penetrabile frigus, the piercing cold of Boreas, id. Georg. 1, 93).