Admirable conduct of the governor of Lerida 1647 The elector of Bavaria renounces his new alliance with France 1648 The Swedish and French forces defeat the Austrians and Bavarians Charles Gustavus undertakes the siege of Old Prague The emperor becomes sensible of the necessity of peace Retrospective view of the negotiations at Munster and Osnaburg The United Provinces had concluded, in 1647, a treaty with Spain, in which their independence was acknowledged The general peace of Westphalia signed at Munster [Oct. 24.] Civil stipulations in that treaty PART II. FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, IN 1648, TO THE PEACE of History of England and Ireland, from the Accession of James I. to the Murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, and the Fall of the Earl of Somerset, in 1615. James strongly prejudiced against them The king's speech to his first parliament He proposes an union between England and Scotland They are ordered to conform to the ceremonies of the church The commons assert their right of judging finally in regard to their own 1605 Object and discovery of the gunpowder plot ibid. Account of the rise of Robert Carr, earl of Somerset ibid. 1613 She is divorced, and he marries her His friend, Sir Thomas Overbury, is secretly taken off by poison Account of the rapid rise of George Villiers, created duke of Buckingham ibid. 1617 The king's journey to Scotland Civil and religious state of that kingdom The king attempts to introduce episcopacy into Scotland 1618 The Scots are greatly disgusted at the obtrusion of certain ceremonies ibid. He is invested with authority to engage adventurers, and go in search of Plunders a Spanish town, and returns without making any discovery High dissatisfaction occasioned by that measure Projected marriage between Charles prince of Wales and the Infanta Maria 1620 Affairs of the elector palatine, the king of England's son-in-law Zeal of the people of England for a war with both branches of the house ibid. The king's prompt reply ibid. The memorable protest of the commons, vindicating their right to a full ibid. The grand dispute concerning privilege and prerogative examined The commons form an essential branch of the English constitution, and 1622 The Spanish match is seemingly in great forwardness 1623 The duke of Buckingham persuades the prince of Wales to go to Spain Charles is treated with great respect by Philip IV. The Spanish courtiers are disgusted at the levity and licentiousness of He quarrels with Olivarez, the prime minister, and prevails upon Charles He thus ingratiates himself with the popular party Generous behaviour of the king of Spain to the earl of Bristol, the English ambassador 1624 The earl is committed to the Tower on his return to England Failure of an expedition against Cadiz ibid. 1626 The king's necessities oblige him to convoke a new parliament ibid. They in vain desire his removal from his majesty's person and councils 241 Merits of the dispute between the king and parliament discussed. ibid. ibid. Dispute with the commons concerning tonnage and poundage The king hopes to conciliate the affections of his subjects, by succouring History of England and Scotland, from the Assassination of the Duke of Buckingham to the Execution of the Earl of Strafford, in 1641. 1629 The disputes between the king and parliament are renewed He and his followers endeavour to exalt the authority of the crown Charles draws off some of the leaders of opposition, by giving them a share ibid. The king makes various concessions, but refuses to abolish episcopacy The Scots persist in maintaining the covenant ibid. 1639 Episcopacy is abolished by an act of the general assembly ibid. The Scottish mal-contents resolve to maintain their religious opinions The Scots take possession of Newcastle ibid. 1641 Enactment of a law for preventing the discontinuance of parliaments Abolition of the courts of high commission and star-chamber Charles repairs to Scotland, to settle the government of that kingdom The commons, under pretence of so doing, provide themselves with arms Imprudence of that measure ibid. He sends a serjeant at arms to the house of commons to demand the five Charles seeks to appease the commons by the most humble submissions The popular members inflame the public discontents Petitions for redress of grievances are presented to the parliament by The leaders of opposition acquire a majority in both houses 299 |