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* Coke and patent fuel have been converted into their approximate coal equivalent (see Prefatory Note on page 22).

From 1st May, 1922, the particulars relate to the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union.

Including receipts on account of Reparations.

Of the consumption of coal in the years 1913 and 1924 in the remaining coal-producing foreign countries included in Table VII the proportions of native coal, of British coal, and of coal the produce of other countries were as follows:

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The Swedish supplies were mostly of British production, while in Spain, where production has made considerable progress, the consumption of British coal has decreased materially. In the three years 1911 to 1913, the consumption in Spain of United Kingdom coal varied from 23 million tons to 3 million tons, and in the three years 1921 to 1923 from 1 million to 1 million tons. Germany was the chief foreign source of supply for Austria and Hungary in 1913 and Poland in 1924.

The production of coal in Italy is insignificant, and most of the supplies before the war were of British origin. The supplies from the United Kingdom amounted to 9 million tons in 1913 and to less than 6 million tons in 1924, when 4 million tons were received from Germany on reparations account.

Consumption of United Kingdom coal in India and the British self-governing Dominions in 1924 was less than half a million tons, and more than half of this total was used in Canada. With the exception of Canada, where over a half of the coal used is of United States origin, most of the coal requirements of these countries are met by native production. Most of the coal imported into New Zealand is of Australian origin.

Destinations of Coal Exported.

Tables are given in the Appendix showing the quantities of coal exported in recent years from the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, British India and the Commonwealth of Australia, distinguishing in each case the principal countries to which the coal is exported. France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the Argentine Republic are the principal customers of this country, and the quantities sent to each of these countries have varied considerably during the last five years. Shipments from the United States are mostly to Canada, but in 1920, as already stated, very large shipments were made to European countries. Most of the coal exported from Germany in recent years has been on reparation account, and Part II of Table C of the Appendix shows the quantities so delivered to France, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg from September, 1919, to the end of 1924. Japanese exports are principally to China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements. Indian exports have fallen to 228,000 tons in the year ended 31st March, 1925, from 1,144,000 tons four years earlier; the coal is sent principally to Ceylon. The principal customers for Australian coal are New Zealand, British Malaya, Chile and the Philippine Islands.

Production of Lignite.

The statistics of lignite production in Part II show that Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Austria are the principal producing countries. The output in Germany reached its maximum in 1922, when 134,974,000 tons were produced; the figures for 1924 and 1913 are 122,361,000 tons and 85,831,000 tons respectively. Czechoslovakia produced 20,178,000 tons in 1924, Hungary 5,649,000 tons, and Austria 2,732,000 tons.

Production and Exports of Petroleum.

In Part III are given statistics of the production of petroleum in the United States and Russia, and of exports of petroleum

from those countries for a series of years. The production of the United States in 1923 was 25,389 million gallons and it is estimated that nearly 25,000 million gallons were obtained in 1924; in 1913 the production was 8,692 million gallons. The estimate for the Russian oilfields in 1924 is 1,580 million gallons, compared with 2,323 million gallons in 1913. Mexico, whose output was 6,768 million gallons in 1921 and 4.876 million gallons in 1924, is now the second largest producer of petroleum. The output of Persia in 1924 was 1,114 million gallons, nearly double the quantity of 1921. The table shows that the oil industry has in recent years developed very largely in the Dutch East Indies, Venezuela, Peru, the Argentine, Trinidad and Sarawak. The countries for which particulars are shown, other than the United States, Mexico, Russia and Persia, produced 2,889 million gallons in 1924, compared with 1,633 million gallons in 1913. The total output of petroleum for all of the countries included in the tables was 35,441 million gallons in 1924 as against 13,613 million gallons in 1913.

STATISTICAL TABLES.

PART I.-COAL PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION &c.

PREFATORY NOTE TO THE TABLES.

In Part I the details for the British Dominions and for each of the principal Foreign Countries are, so far as the particulars are available, shown for each of the years 1911 to 1913, and 1920 to 1924, and for the two quinquennial periods 1901-5 and 1906–10, annual averages being given. In the tables relating to total production and to numbers of persons employed particulars are included for the years 1914 to 1919 also. The consumption per head of the population in each country dealt with has been computed, as well as the production per person employed. The tables also include information regarding the value of the output, and the average value per ton has been computed for each of the years 1901 to 1913, and 1920 to 1924.

In the Appendix to this part are tables giving more detailed information with regard to the exports of coal from the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, British India, and the Commonwealth of Australia, together with tables showing the consumption of coal for locomotive purposes in the United Kingdom, the consumption of coal in the manufacture of pig-iron and in gas undertakings in the United Kingdom, the quantity of coal shipped coastwise from ports of the United Kingdom, the quantity of coal brought to London, and the quantity of coke obtained at gas works and at coke ovens.

The figures relating to the numbers of persons employed in coal mining in the Union of South Africa are stated in the tables for each Province separately.

Tables with regard to the production of lignite are given in Part II. In Part III some particulars are given of the production of petroleum in the United States, Russia, and other countries.

The figures for the year 1924, which it has been found possible to include in the tables, are in some cases provisional and subject to correction.

The greater part of the information given has been taken from the official publications of the Foreign Countries and British Possessions concerned.

The figures given for Germany for 1920 and later years are exclusive of the foreign trade of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Alsace-Lorraine, the Saar, Slesvig, West Prussia and Posen, Dantzig and Memel; from 1st July, 1922, the foreign trade. of Polish Upper Silesia also is excluded. The trade statistics for Belgium from 1st May, 1922, relate to the Belgo-Luxembourg Economic Union.

In this Return the quantities of coal are exclusive of lignite, except in the case of Russia and the United States, and are stated in tons of 2,240 lbs. throughout. In the case of countries which use the "metric" ton of 1,000 kilogs., or 2,204 lbs., or the "short ton of 2,000 lbs., the particulars have been converted for the purpose.

The values given for the coal produced are values at the collieries in the United Kingdom, British India, Commonwealth of Australia, British South Africa, Germany, Belgium, France, Spain, Austria-Hungary, and the United States, the sale value in Sweden, and market values in New Zealand, Canada, and Japan. For Russia the basis of the values is not specifically

stated.

The consumption per head of population has been calculated in all cases on the basis of the census returns and the best available official estimates of the population in inter-censal and postcensal years.

Tables I to III show for a series of years: (1) the total quantity of coal produced in each country, and its value; (2) the average value per ton; (3) the number of persons employed in coal mining, the number employed below ground being separately shown wherever possible, and the quantity produced per person employed.

Tables IV and V with regard to Foreign Trade relate to "Special" trade (imports for home consumption and exports of domestic produce) in the case of Russia, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Japan, the United States, and the Dominion of Canada, except imports into Japan and the United States

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