CONTENTS.

PART I.

PORCELAIN MANUFACTURE.

CHAPTER I.

HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF POTTERIES

AND THE PORCELAIN MANUFACTURE.

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Probable Origin of the Art.- Ancient Brick-making. -Roman Bricks, -

The Potter's Wheel, an Implement of high Antiquity.. Indian Earthen-

wares.- Roman Water-pipes. — Introduced into Britain. - Remains of

Ancient Pottery in the Kingdom. - Roman Potteries in Staffordshire.

Earthenware made in an Island formerly existing near Margate.

tiquity of the Art in the East. - Porcelain first brought to Rome.-

Figures found with Egyptian Mummies. — China Wares brought by

Portuguese Traders. - Erroneous Notions concerning their Composition.

- Corrected by Père d'Entrecolles. - Discovery by De Botticher in Sax-

ony. - Manufacture attempted in France. - Investigations of Reaumur.

-Proper Materials discovered in France. -Jonas Hanway's Account of
Collection at Dresden. Works established at Berlin.-English Potteries.
-Dr. Plot's Account.- Improvements in Glazing. White Stoneware.
- Advantages of Mr. Wedgwood's Improvements. Large Exportations
by Mr. Wedgwood. His principal Inventions. Characteristics of true
Porcelain. First made by Mr. Cookworthy in England. - Importance
of the Manufacture. — Porcelain of Derby. Of Coalport. - Of Wor-
cester. - Of Rotherham. - Duty on Stoneware. Its Unproductiveness
and Impolicy.

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Page 1

CHAP. II.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INGREDIENTS USED IN THE

MANUFACTURE.

Different Branches of the Art.-Ingredients used.

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Properties of Alu-

mina. Its Infusibility. Contraction when exposed to Heat. - Wedg-

wood's Pyrometer. - Composition of Gems. - Great Abundance of Clay.

- Properties of Silica,

-Sea Sand. -

- Its great Abundance. -

- Incapable

of artificial Solution in Water. - Dissolved naturally. — Springs at Carls-

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bad.- Boiling Fountain in Iceland. - Fusion of Silex. - Kinds of Clay

used in Potteries. — Their various Merits. - China Clay of Cornwall. —

Mode of its Preparation. Its Analysis. Cornish Felspar. -Its Fusi-

Steatite.-Earth of Baudissero.-Its Analysis.-Cornish Sope-

stone. Spuma Maris. - Its Employment in Porcelain Works in Spain.

bility.

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Page 25

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CHAP. III.

ON THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS.

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Dilution of Clay. Chemical Examination of Water necessary. - Rain

Water. - - Carefulness of German Manufacturers. Blunging. — Ma-

chinery. Preparing Flints. -- Burning. Baking. Grinding. - Dry

grinding. — Brindley's improved Mill. — Chert. - Care required in select-

ing Grinding Stones. - Dilution of Flint Powder. Affinity of Alumina

for Silica. Slip. — Slip-kiln. — Method of evaporating superfluous Mois-

ture. - Working the Paste. -Time necessary for tempering it. - Pro-

portions wherein Clay and Flint are united. Difficulty of ascertaining

this. Slapping. - French Manufacturers. - Proportions of Ingredients

used by them.- Kao-lin. — Flint.-Gypsum.-Broken Porcelain. — Cal-

cined Bones. Tender Porcelain. Its Composition. - Porcelain Earth

used in Berlin. - French Potters buy their Materials ready mixed.

Advantages of this Plan. - Ineligible in England.

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CHAP. IV.

ON THE FORMATION OF UTENSILS.

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Throwing. Potter's Lathe.-Thrower. - Mode of Proceeding.-Profiles.

Slurry. Gauges. Turning Lathe. - Turning and Smoothing. —

Moulding Dishes, &c. - Tools. Steam Machinery. - Engine Lathe.

Milled Edges. — Handler. — Formation of Handles, Spouts, &c. — Press-

ing. - Small Ornamental Figures.-Mode of affixing them. - Method of

making Moulds. -Boiled Plaster. Great use of Gypsum in making

Moulds. Stoves.-Modelling.-Qualifications requisite for a Modeller.-

Increasing Skill of Artists.-Fostered by Mr. Wedgwood. - Mould-maker.

- Method of his working. — Casting. Carefulness required in Drying.

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Seggars.

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CHAP. V.

ON THE PROCESSES OF FIRING AND GLAZING.

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Proper Materials for these wanting in England. - Not so in

France. Nungarrow Work. Why discontinued. Great Estimation

of its Wares. Cause of Superiority. Use of Seggars. Their Forms.

- Mode of using them. --Sevres Manufactory. - Improved Furnace. —

Its Advantages. - Description. - Chinese Method of Firing. -Construc-

tion of their Kilns.- Care required in Baking. - Duration of Process.-

Oven-man. -Trial Pieces. - Annealing.. -Biscuit. Wine-coolers. -

Glazing. Composition of Raw Glazes. - Bad Effects of some of these.

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-To the Public. To the Workman. - Pernicious Use of Ardent Spi-

rits. Glazes invented by M. Chaptal. - By Mr. Rose. - Porcelain

Glazes. French Glazes. - Palissy. His Experiments in Enamelling. -

His Perseverance and Sufferings. His Success, and continued Firm-

ness under Persecution. - Inferior Glazes. - Low-priced Wares. - Gloss

Oven. - Regulation of Temperature. - Qualities that determine the

Excellence of Porcelain.-Stone Ware. - Its Composition. - Lambeth

Potteries. Modes of Glazing.

Page 55

CHAP. VI.

ON THE ART OF APPLYING COLOURS AND ENGRAVINGS TO

EARTHENWARE.

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Antiquity of Enamel Colouring. - Specimens from Ancient Egypt.- From

the Royal Works at Sevres. - Painted Ware of Worcester. - Of Stafford..

shire. Of Derby. - Of Yorkshire. - Great Services of Mr. Wedgwood

in this Branch of the Manufacture. Mystery observed in the Prepara-

tion of Colours. - Publication of Processes by M. Brongniart. — Metallic

Oxides. Addition of fluxing Bodies necessary- And why. - Colours

employed for tender and hard Porcelain. - Vehicle used with the Colour.

- Mode of their Combination. - Description of Colours. - Purple and

Violet. - Red. - Yellow. - Blue. - Green. - Brown.- Black. White.

-Compound Colours. Precautions necessary in forming those Com-

pounds. Gilding. Lustre Ware. Preparation of Colours. En-

amelling Kilns.- Trial Pieces. - Method of Gilding and Burnishing.

Copper-plate Engravings. Mode of transferring Impressions to Earthen-

wares. How performed in France.

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CHAP. VII.

ON THE MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES.

Description

This Manufacture prosecuted to a great Extent. - Description of Material.

- Rolling. - Boring. - Moulding. - Polishing.- Baking.

of Kiln. Of Crucibles. - Manufacture in Holland. - Originally con-

veyed there from England.

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CHAP. VIII.

ON THE PORCELAIN MANUFACTURE OF CHINA.

Obscurity wherein its Origin is shrouded. - Chiefly practised at King-te-

ching. Supposed Superiority of old China Ware. -Materials employed.

- Kao-lin. - Pe-tun-tse. - Their Preparation. - Oils or Varnishes. -

Their Composition. - Hao-che. - Its Superiority to Kao-lin. — Analysis

of Kao-lin. Extent of Factories at King-te-ching. - Great Number of

Workmen employed. — Preparation of Materials. - Method of fashioning

Utensils. Moulds. — Division of Labour. - Deficiency of Chinese in the

Art of Design. Their excellent Colours. Numerous Hands employed

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in decorating each Přece. -Bad Effect of this System. - Blue long the

only Colour used for painting China Ware. Mode of preparing various

Colours.- Chinese ignorant of Chemical Science. - Umiam. - Tsou-

Tchi.-Kia-tsing. - Method of forming it.-Chinese Furnaces. -- Passion

for old Porcelain. - Ku-tong. -Mock Antiques. -Reasons for Costliness

of China Ware in Europe. - High Prices formerly paid in China.-

Finest Specimens not brought to Europe. -Porcelain Tower at Nan-King.

-Chinese Potters prepare Materials for the Use of their Descendants.

Common Wares made in China. - Attempt of the Emperor to transfer

the Manufacture to Pekin. -His want of Success.
Page 104

PART II.

GLASS MANUFACTURE.

CHAPTER I.

ON THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF GLASS. THE HISTORY

OF ITS INVENTION, AND MANUFACTURE.

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Nature of Glass. Its various Properties. Its Utility to all Classes.-The

Assistance it lends to Science. - Admiration of the Ancients. - Excessive

Prices formerly paid. — Origin of its English Name. Aristotle's Pro-

blems. First Invention ascribed to the Phoenicians.- Glass known to

the Ancient Egyptians. - Manufactories of Alexandria. - Utensils found

in Herculaneum. -
-Urns in British Museum. - Malleable Glass. - Tax

on Glass, by Alexander Severus.- Portland Vase.- Glass employed in

forming Windows.-Not much used in England till the Eleventh Century.

- Privileges granted to Manufacturers in France. - Plate Glass casting.

- Establishment at St. Gobain. Its early Failure- And Revival.

Manufacture commenced in England. Of Flint Glass. Of Plate Glass.

-Establishment of British Cast Plate Glass Company. - Chinese unac-

quainted with Glass-making. - Importance of the Manufacture in Eng-

land. -Glass made a Source of Revenue. Bad Effect upon Consump-

tion. Increase of Duty. - Consequent Decrease of Manufacture.

Diminution of Duty on Plate Glass.- Increase of Quantity made.

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CHAP. II.

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ON THE VARIOUS INGREDIENTS EMPLOYED IN MAKING GLASS.

Glass always composed of Silex with Alkali. - Different Descriptions of

Glass. -Sea Sand. - Soda and Potash.-Pearlash. Barilla. - — Kelp. —

Wood-ashes. -Nitre. Litharge. -Minium. - Manganese. - Arsenic.

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