Methods in Bioengineering: Alternative Technologies to Animal Testing

Cover
Artech House, 2010 - 298 Seiten
Providing alternatives to animal testing is one of the hottest topics in biomedical research, and this groundbreaking volume addresses this critical issues head on. This unique book presents techniques and methods at the forefront of scientific research that have the potential to replace certain whole animal tests. Moreover, this book provides a platform where other widely accepted techniques and scientific advancements can be collated into a concise set of methods that can be implemented within both academic and industrial communities.
 

Ausgewählte Seiten

Inhalt

Current Methods for Prediction of Human Hepatic Clearance Using In Vitro Intrinsic Clearance
1
11 Introduction
2
12 Materials
3
133 Clearance study using a plated hepatocyte culture
4
135 Sampling for the clearance study
6
14 Data Acquisition Anticipated Results and Interpretation
7
142 Physiologically based microfluidic systems
8
152 Plated hepatocyte system
11
841 Stepbystep protocol for the analysis of data using AnalyseIt
152
85 Results
154
862 Determining the sample size for calibration and recalibration
155
863 Regulatory concerns
156
865 Determining the need for confirmatory testing
157
87 Summary Points
158
Application of the Benchmark Approach in the Correlation of In Vitro and In Vivo Data in Developmental Toxicity
159
91 Introduction
160

153 Physiologically based microfluidic systems
12
16 Summary
13
References
15
Use of Permeability from Cultured Cell Lines and PAMPA System and Absorption from Experimental Animals for the Prediction of Absorption in H...
19
21 Introduction
20
22 Materials
21
232 PAMPA system
24
233 In vivo absorption measurements
25
242 Results and interpretation
26
25 Discussion and Commentary
30
252 Absorption in experimental animals
35
254 Dogs
36
255 Monkeys
37
26 Summary
38
Aggregating Brain Cell Cultures for Neurotoxicity Tests
41
31 Introduction
42
32 Experimental Design
43
33 Materials
44
332 Special equipment
45
333 Reagents
46
334 Preparation of solutions and media
47
34 Methods
49
343 Maintenance of aggregating brain cell cultures media replenishment and subdivision
51
344 Preparation and treatment of replicate cultures
52
345 Harvest of replicate cultures for various analytical procedures
53
347 Data Analysis
54
35 Anticipated Results
55
36 Discussion and Commentary
57
38 Summary Points
58
Acknowledgments
59
Approaches Towards a Multiscale Model of Systemic Inflammation in Humans
61
41 Introduction
62
42 Materials
64
43 Methods
65
432 Modeling inflammation at the cellular level
67
433 Modeling inflammation at the systemic level
73
44 Results
77
443 Qualitative assessment of the model
80
45 Conclusions
91
References
92
A Liposome Assay for Evaluating the Ocular Toxicity of Chemicals
99
51 Introduction
100
52 Experimental Design
101
53 Materials
102
54 Methods
103
542 Separation of bulk calcein from loaded liposomes with Sephadex
104
543 Ocular toxicity experiments using dyeloaded liposomes
106
55 Data Acquisition Anticipated Results and Interpretation
108
56 Discussion and Commentary
109
57 Application Notes
111
58 Summary Points
112
References
113
Prediction of Potential Drug Myelotoxicity by In Vitro Assays on Hematopoietic Progenitors
115
61 Introduction
116
63 Materials
117
631 Reagents
118
643 Source of human hematopoietic progenitors
119
644 Technical procedure for GMCFU test
121
645 Passing from screening phase to IC determination phase
122
647 Scoring the colonies
123
65 Data Acquisition Anticipated Results and Interpretation
124
651 Statistical guidelines
125
66 Discussion and Commentary
126
67 Application Notes
128
Acknowledgments
130
Epigenetically Stabilized Primary Hepatocyte Cultures A Potential Sensitive Screening Tool for Nongenotoxic Carcinogenicity
133
71 Introduction
134
72 Experimental Design
135
732 FacilitiesEquipment
139
742 Cultivation of primary rat hepatocytes Troubleshooting Table
141
77 Discussion and Commentary
143
78 Application Notes
144
Acknowledgements
145
A Statistical Method to Reduce In Vivo Product Testing Using Related In Vitro Tests and ROC Analysis
147
81 Introduction
148
82 Experimental Design
149
84 Methods
150
92 Materials and Methods
162
921 Derivation of in vitro BMC and BMD values
163
922 In vitroin vivo correlation
164
93 Discussion and Commentary
167
References
168
ThreeDimensional Cell Culture of Canine Uterine Glands
171
101 Introduction
172
102 Materials
173
1023 Histological preparation for electron microscopy
174
1032 Histological preparation for light microscopy
176
1033 Histological preparation for electron microscopy
177
1034 Imaging
178
106 Application Notes
180
107 Summary Points
181
Markers for an In Vitro Skin Substitute
183
111 Introduction
184
112 Experimental Design
185
114 Methods
188
1142 In vitro fabrication of human skin substitutes by the selfassembly approach
189
1143 Tissue preservation and sectioning
191
1144 Preparation of solutions and materials for immunofluorescence
192
1146 Histological analysis
193
115 Anticipated Results
194
116 Discussion and Commentary
198
117 Application Notes
199
118 Summary Points
200
Acknowledgments
201
3D Culture of Primary Chondrocytes Cartilage and BoneCartilage Explants in Simulated Microgravity
205
121 Introduction
206
122 Experimental Design
208
1223 Animals
209
123 Materials
211
124 Methods
212
1243 2D culture of isolated chondrocytes traditional monolayer in static fluid conditions
214
1245 3D culture of fragments of articular cartilage explants
216
1246 3D culture of undissected complete proximal tibial epiphyses
217
125 Anticipated Results
218
126 Discussion
220
1262 General discussion and commentary
221
127 Application Notes
222
128 Summary Points
223
Acknowledgments
224
Alternatives for Absorption Testing
227
131 Introduction
228
132 Materials
229
1324 Technical equipment
230
1333 Determination of skin permeation using the Franz cell setup
231
1336 Data evaluation
232
1337 Biostatistics
233
134 Results and Discussion
234
135 Discussion of Pitfalls and Troubleshooting
236
References
237
A 3D Model of the Human Epithelial Airway Barrier
239
141 Introduction
240
142 Experimental Design
241
1434 Isolation of monocytederived macrophages MDM and dendritic cells MDDC
242
1437 Staining for laser scanning microscopy LSM
243
1442 Isolation of monocytederived macrophages MDM and dendritic cells MDDC
246
1443 TEER measurements
249
1444 Staining for LSM
250
1445 Fixation and embedding of cells for transmission electron microscopy TEM
251
145 Anticipated Results
253
146 Discussion and Commentary
257
References
258
Experimental Wear Assessment of Tibial Inserts for Total Knee Replacement
261
151 Introduction
262
152 Experimental Design
263
154 Methods
265
1542 Wear test procedure
266
1543 Examination of worn tibial inserts surfaces
267
155 Anticipated Results
268
156 Discussion and Commentary
269
158 Summary Points
270
Acknowledgments
271
About the Editors
273
Index
275
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Methods in Bioengineering: Alternative Technologies to Animal Testing
Tim Maguire,Eric Novik
Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2010

Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen

activity aggregates aliquots analysis animal antibodies assessment bioreactor BMCs brain buffer Caco-2 cell calcein cartilage cell culture cell line cell suspension cellular chemicals chondrocytes clinical collagen collagenase components compounds concentration correlation cortisol cryopreserved culture medium curve cytokines differentiation dilution dose Draize scores dynamics endotoxemia endotoxin epidermal epinephrine epithelial cells ethanol evaluation experimental explants Figure filter flask fluorescence function gene hepatic hepatocytes hormones human skin incubator inflammation inflammatory response interactions intrinsic clearance keratinocyte lipid liposome assay liposomes liver MDDC membrane metabolic methods mg/ml microfluidic microscope minutes monolayer ocular toxicity PAMPA parameters permeability Petri dish pharmacokinetic physiological pipette plasma plate potential prediction preparation protein protocol receptor samples screening serum Sigma signaling simulator skin absorption sterile stock solution surface surfactant tibial inserts tight junctions tion tissue tissue-engineered tissue-engineered skin substitute transcriptional tube uterine glands vitro vitro model vitro test vivo

Bibliografische Informationen

TitelMethods in Bioengineering: Alternative Technologies to Animal Testing
Artech House methods in bioengineering series
Methods in Bioengineering
AutorenTim Maguire, Eric Novik
HerausgeberTim Maguire, Eric Novik
VerlagArtech House, 2010
ISBN1608070123, 9781608070121
Länge298 Seiten
  
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