251. Authority of their magistrates,
253. Conjugal faith and chastity,
255. Their religion, 257. Arms and
discipline, 261. Their feuds, 264. Ge-
neral idea of the German tribes, 265.
Probus carries the Roman arms into
Germany, 371. A frontier wall built
by Probus, from the Rhine to the Da-
nube, 372.

Germany, invasions of Gaul by the Ger-
mans, ii. 369. iiì. 269.

Bermany, state of, under the emperor
Charlemagne, vi. 197. The Imperial
crown established in the name and na-
tion of Germany, by the first Otho,
203. Division of among independent
princes, 214. Formation of the Ger-
manic constitution, 216. State assu-
med by the emperor, 219.

Gerontius, count, sets up Maximus as em-
peror in Spain, and loses his life in
the attempt, iv. 145.

Geta and Caracalla, sons of the emperor
Severus, their fixed antipathy to each
other, i. 143.

Ghebers of Persia, history of, vi. 401.
Gibraltar, derivation of the name of, vi.
388.

Gildo the Moor, his revolt in Africa, iv.

19. His defeat and death, 25.
Gladiators, desperate enterprise and fate
of a party of, reserved for the triumph
of Probus, i. 377. The combats of,
abolished by the emperor Honorius,
iv. 49.

Glycerius is first emperor of Rome, and
then bishop of Salona, iv. 357. Mur-
ders Julius Nepos, and is made arch-
bishop of Milan, 359.

Gnostics, character and account of the
sect of, ii. 68. Principal sects into
which they divided, 71. Their pecu-
liar tenets, iii. 11. vi. 6.

Godfrey of Bouillon, his character, and
engagement in the first crusade, vii.
211. His route to Constantinople, 218.
221. Is elected king of Jerusalem, 247.
Compiles the Assize of Jerusalem, 251.
Form of his administration, 252.
Gog and Magog, the famous rampart of,
described, v. 102.

Goisvintha, wife of Leovigild, king of
Spain, her pious cruelty to the princess
Ingundis, iv. 411.

Gold of affliction, the tax so denominat-
ed in the Eastern empire, abolished by
the emperor Anastasius, v. 72.
Golden horn, why the Bosphorus obtain-
ed this appellation in remote antiqui-
ty, ii. 223.

Gordianus, proconsul of Africa, his cha-
racter and elevation to the empire of
Rome, i. 196. His son associated with
him in the Imperial dignity, 197.
Gordian, the third and youngest, declar-
red Cæsar, i. 203. Is declared empe-
ror by the army, on the murder of
Maximus and Balbinus, 212.

Goths of Scandinavia, their origin, i. 269.
Their religion, 271. The Goths and
Vandals supposed to be originally one
great people, 272. Their emigrations
to Prussia and the Ukraine, 273. They
invade the Roman provinces, 276.
They receive tribute from the Romans,
282 They subdue the Bosphorus, 293.
Plunder the cities of Bithynia, 296.
They ravage Greece, 299. Conclude
a treaty with the emperor Aurelian,
329. They ravage Illyricum, and are
chastised by Constantine the Great,
ii. 49.

Their war with the Sarmatians,
ii. 305. Are again routed by Constan-
tine, 306. Gothic war under the em-
perors Valentinian and Valens, iii.
301. Are defeated by the funs, 337.
They implore the protection of the
emperor Valens, 340. They are re
ceived into the empire, 342. They
are oppressed by the Roman gover-
nors of Thrace, 344. Are provoked
to hostilities, and defeat Lupicinus,
348. They ravage Thrace, 349. Battle
of Salices, 353. They are strengthen-
ed by fresh swarms of their country.
men, 354. Battle of Hadrianople, 360.
Scour the country from Hadrianople to
Constantinople, 365. Massacre of the
Gothic youth in Asia, 368. Their for-
midable union broken by the death of
Fritigern, 377. Death and funeral of
Athanaric, 378 Invasion and defeat
of the Ostrogoths, 380. Are settled in
Thrace by Theodosius, 382. Their
hostile sentiments, 384.

revolt of, under Honorius, iv. 29.
They ravage Greece, under the com-
mand of Alaric, 31. They invade Italy,
39. The sack of Rome by, 122. Death
of Alaric, 135. Victories of Wallia in
Spain, 155. They are settled in Aqui-
tain, 156. See Gaul, and Theodoric.
Conquest of the Visigoths in Gaul and
Spain, 348. How the Goths were con-
verted to the Christian religion, 391.

Government, civil, the origin of, i. 252.
Governors of provinces, under the empe-
rors, their great power and influence,
ii. 258.

Gratian was the first emperor who refu-

sed the pontifical robe, iii. 75. note.
Marries the princess Constantia, and
succeeds to the empire, 310. Defeats
the Allemanni in Gaul, 357. Invests
Theodosius with the empire of the
East, 369.

—, his character and conduct, iii. 386.
His flight from Maximus and death,
391. Overthrew the ecclesiastical es-
tablishment of Paganism, 452.
Greece, is ravaged by the Goths, i. 299.
Is over-run by Alaric the Goth, iv. 31.
Is reduced by the Turks, viii. 163.
Greek church, origin of the schism of,
vii. 300. viii. 73. 95.

Greek empire. See Constantinople.
Greeks, why averse to the Roman lan-
guage and manners, i. 43. The Greek
becomes a scientific language among
the Romans, 44. Character of the
Greek language of Constantinople, viii.
75. When first taught in Italy, 83.
Greek learning, revival of, in Italy, viii.

78.

Gregory the Great, pope, his pious pre-
sents to Recared king of Spain, iv. 414.
Exhorts Theodelinda queen of the
Lombards to propagate the Nicene
faith, ibid. His enmity to the venera-
ble buildings and learning of Rome, v.
412. His birth and early profession,
414. His elevation to the pontificate,
416. Sends a mission to convert the
Britons, 418. Sanctifies the usurpa-
tion of the emperor Phocas, 448.
Gregory II. pope, his epistles to Leo III.
emperor of Constantinople, vi. 165.
Revolts against the Greek emperor,

167.

Gregory VII.pope, his ambitious schemes,
vi. 208. His contest with the emperor
Henry III. vii. 136. His retreat to Sa-
lerno, 139. viii. 174.

Gregory, præfect of Africa, history of him
and his daughter, vi. 374.
Gregory Nazianzen, his lamentation on
the disgraceful discord among Chris-
tians, iii. 71. Loads the memory of
the emperor Julian with invective, 120.
Censures Constantius for having spar-
ed his life, 131. note.

-, Is presented to the wretched see of
Sasima, by his friend archbishop Basil,
iii. 399. His mission to Constantinople,

ibid. Is placed on the archiepiscopal
throne by Theodosius, 402. His re
signation and character, 406.
Grumbates, king of the Chionites, attends
Sapor king of Persia, in his invasion of
Mesopotamia, ii. 362. Loses his son
at the siege of Amida, 364. Returns
home in grief, 366.

Guardianship, how vested and exercised,
according to the Roman civil laws, v.
348.

Gubazes, king of Colchos, his alliance
with Chosroes king of Persia, v. 236.
Returns to his former connexion with
the emperor Justinian, 237. Is trea-
cherously killed, 241.

Guelphs and Ghibelines, the parties of,
in Italy, vi. 214. viii. 211.
Guilt, the degrees of, in the penal laws
of the Romans, v. 370.

Guiscard, Robert, his birth and charac-
ter, vii. 117. Acquires the dukedom of
Apulia, 119. His Italian conquests,
121. Besieges Durazzo, 128. Defeats
the Greek emperor Alexius there, 132.
Engages in the cause of pope Gregory
VII. 138. His second expedition to
Greece, and death, 139.

Gundobald, king of the Burgundians, is
reduced by Clovis king of the Franks,
iv. 431. His mode of justifying the
judicial combat, 448.

Gunpowder, the invention and use of, viii.

41.

Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem, his
character, vii. 277. Is defeated and
taken prisoner by Saladin, 279.
Gyarus, a small island in the Egean sea,
an instance of its poverty, 180.

H

Hadrian, emperor, relinquishes the east-
ern conquests of Trajan, i. 7. Their
characters compared, 8. His charac-
ter contrasted with that of Antoninus
Pius, ibid His several adoptions of
successors, 85. Founds the city of
Ælia Capitolina on mount Sion, ii. 66.

Reforms the laws of Rome in the
perpetual edict, v. 312.
Hadrianople, battle of, between Constan.
tine the Great and Licinius, ii. 51. Is
ineffectually besieged by Fritigern the
Goth, iii. 350. Battle of, between the
emperor Valens and the Goths, 361.
Hakem, caliph of the Saracens, assumes
a divine character to supplant the Ma
hometan faith, vii. 188.

Hamadanites, the Saracen dynasty of, in
Mesopotamia, vi. 462.
Hannibal, review of the state of Rome
when he besieged that city, iv. 84.
Hannibalianus, nephew of Constantine
the Great, is dignified with the title of
king, ii. 300. Provinces assigned to
him for a kingdom, 301. Is cruelly
destroyed by Constantius, 312.
Happiness, instance how little it depends
on power and magnificence, vi. 433.
Harmozan, the Persian satrap, his inter-
view with the caliph Omar, vi. 323.
Harpies, an ancient mythologic history,
Le Clerc's conjecture concerning, ii.

221. note.

Harun al Rashid, caliph, his friendly cor-
respondence with the emperor Charle-
magne, vi. 200. His wars with the
Greek empire, 442.

Hassan the Saracen, conquers Carthage,

vi. 381.

Hawking, the art and sport of, introduced
into Italy by the Lombards, v. 407.
Hegira, the era of, how fixed, vi. 267.
Helena, the mother of Constantine, her
parentage ascertained, ii. 5. Was con-
verted to Christianity by her son, 390.

note.

Helenu, sister of the emperor Constantius,
married to Julian, ii. 349. Is reported
to be deprived of children by the arts
of the empress Eusebia, 352. Her
death, iii. 89.

Heliopolis taken by the Saracens, vi. 343.
Hell, according to Mahomet, described,
vi. 260.

Hellespont described, ii. 224.
Helvetia, amount of its population in the
time of Cæsar, i. 250. note.
Hengist, his arrival in Britain, with suc-
cours for Vortigern, against the Cale.
donians, iv. 470. His establishment
in Kent, ibid. 473.
Henoticon of the emperor Zeno, character
of, vi. 35.

Henry succeeds his brother Baldwin as
emperor of Constantinople, vii. 362.
His character and administration, 363.
Henry III. emperor, his contest with pope
Gregory VII. vii. 136. Takes Rome
and sets up pope Clement III. 137.
Henry VI. emperor, conquers and pilla.
ges the island of Sicily, vii. 155.
Henry the Fowler, emperor of Germany,
defeats the Turkish invaders, vii. 81.
Heptarchy, Saxon, establishment of, in
Britain, iv. 470. Review of the state
of, 478.

VOL. VIII.

Heraclian, count of Africa, retains that
province in obedience to Honorius, iv.
121. His cruel usage of the refugees
from the sack of Rome by Alaric, 130.
His revolt and death, 143.
Heracleonas, emperor of Constantinople,
vi. 84.

Heraclius, deposes the Eastern usurper
Phocas, and is chosen emperor, v. 452.
Conquests of Chosroes II. king of Per-
sia, 454. His distressful situation, 459.
Accepts an ignominious peace from
Chosroes, 461 His first expedition
against the Persians, 463. His second
Persian expedition, 466. Strengthens
himself by an alliance with the Turks,
472. His third Persian expedition,
473. His treaty of peace with Persia,
478. His triumph, and pilgrimage to
Jerusalem, 479. His theological en-
quiries, vi. 48.

Heraclius marries his niece Martina, vi.
82. Leaves his two sons joint succes-
sors to the empire, 83. Invasion of his
provinces by the Saracens, 332. Flies
from Syria, 353.

Heraclius the præfect, his expedition a-
gainst the Vandals in Africa, iv. 343.
Heraclius the eunuch, instigates the em-
peror Valentinian III. to the murder of
the patrician Etius, iv. 301. His
death, 304.

Herbelot, character of his Bibliotheque
Orientale, vi. 316. note.

Hercynian forest, the extent of, unknown
in the time of Cæsar, i. 241. note.
Heresy in religion, the origin of, traced,
ii, 70. Edict of Constantine the Great,
against, iii. 1.

Hermanric king of the Ostrogoths, his
conquests, iii. 299. His death, 338.
Hermenegild prince of Botica, his mar-
riage with Ingundis princess of Aus-
trasia, and conversion to the Nicene
faith, iv. 411. Revolt and death, 412.
Hermits of the East, their mortified
course of life, iv. 388. Miracles per-
formed by them, and their relics, 390.
Hermodorus, the Ephesian, assists the

Romans in compiling their twelve ta-
bles of laws, v. 305.
Hermogenes, master general of the caval-
ry, is killed in the attempt to banish

Paul bishop of Constantinople, iii. 64.
Hero and Leander, the story of, by whom

controverted and defended, ii.224. note.
Herodian, his life of Alexander Severus,
why preferable to that in the Augustan
history, i. 176. note.
S s

Herodes Atticus, his extraordinary for-
tune and mumificence, i. 51.
Herodotus, his character of the Persian
worship, i 224.

Heruli, of Germany and Poland, their
character, v. 16.

Hilarion, the monk of Palestine, account
of, iv. 375.

Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, his remarkable
observations on the diversity of Chris-
tian doctrines, iii. 24. His exposition
of the term Homoiousion, 26.
Hilary, pope, censures the emperor An-
themius for his tolerating principles,
iv. 341.

Hilderic the Vandal king of Africa, his
indulgence to his Catholic subjects
displeases both the Arians and Atha-
nasians, v. 113 Is deposed by Geli-
mer, abid. Is put to death, 127.

Hindos of the East, not the disciples of
Zoroaster, vi. 401. note.

Hindostan, conquest of, by Tamerlane,
viii. 9.

Hippo Regius, siege of, by Genseric king
of the Vandals, iv. 221.

History, the principal subjects of, i. 266.
Hy war, the justice of it enquired into,
vii. 199.

Homicide, how commuted by the Salic
laws, iv. 445.

Homoousion, origin, and use of that term
at the council of Nice, iii. 21. And
Homoiousion, the distinction between,

26.

Honian, war of, vi. 280.

Honoratus, archbishop of Milan, is, with
his clergy, driven from his see, by the
Lombards, v. 390.

Honoria, princess, sister of the emperor

Valentinian III. her history, iv. 277.
Honorius, son of Theodosius the Great, is
declared emperor of the West, by his
dying father, iii. 446. Marries Maria,
the daughter of Stilicho, iv. 26. His
character, 27. Flies from Milan on the
invasion of Italy by Alaric, 41. His
triumphant entry into Rome, 48, Abo-
lishes the combats of gladiators, 49.
Fixes his residence at Ravenna, 51.
Orders the death of Stilicho, 75. His
impolitic measures and cruelty unite
his Barbarian soldiers against him un-
der Alaric, 82. His councils distracted
by the eunuchs, 116. His abject over.
tures to Aitalus and Alaric, 120. His
last acts, and death, 144. His triumph
for the reduction of Spain by Wallia
the Goth, 156. Is suspected of incest

with his sister Placidia, 208. His per-
secution of the Donatists in Africa
217.

Honour, the new ranks of, introduced in
the city of Constantinople, ii. 242, vii.
18.

Hormisdas, a fugitive Persian prince, in
the court of the emperor Constantius,
his remarks on the city of Rome, ii.
355. note. His history, and station un-
der Julian, iii. 189.
Hormouz, the son of Chosroes, king of

Persia, his accession, v. 424. His cha-
racter, 425. Is deposed, and at length
killed, 430, 431.

Horses, of Arabia, their peculiar quali-
ties, vi. 224.

Hosein, the son of Ali, his tragical death,

vi. 302.

Hospitallers, knights, of St. John of Jeru-
salem, popularity and character of the
order of, vii. 250.

Hostilianus, the minor son of the emperor

Decius, elected emperor under the
guardianship of Gallus, i. 282.
Hugh, king of Burgundy, his marriage
with Marozia, and expulsion from
Rome by Alberic, vi. 209.

Hugh, count of Vermandois, engages in
the first crusade, vii. 212. Is ship-
wrecked and made captive by the
Greek emperor Alexius Comnenus,
220. His return, 238.

Human nature, its natural propensities,
ii. 95.

Hume, Mr. his natural history of religion,
the best commentary on the polytheism
of the ancients, i. 33. note. His difficul-
ty as to the extent of the Imperial pa-
lace at Rome, resolved, 147. note:
Charges the most refined and philoso-
phic sects with intolerancy, 228. note.
Hungary, establishment of the Huns in,
iv. 232. State of, under the emperor
Charlemagne, vi. 198. Terror excited
by their first approach to Europe, vii.
73. Their character, 76.
Huniades, John, his exploits against the

Turks, viii, 103. His defence of Bel-

grade, and death, 110.

Hunneric, the son of Genseric, king of the
Vandals, persecutes his Catholic sub-
jects, iv. 399. His cruelty to the Ca
tholics of Tipasa, 409.

Huns, their original seat, and their con
quests, iii. 326. Their decline, 330.
Their emigrations, 332. Their victo-
ries over the Goths, 337.

-, They drive other barbarous tribes

before them, upon the Roman provin-
ces, iv. 54. Their establishment in
Hungary, 232. Character of their king
Attila, 234. Their invasion of Persia,
239. The empire of, extinguished by
the death of Attila, 299.

Hunting of wild beasts, when a virtue,
and when a vice, i. 105. Is the school
of war, iii. 319.

Hypatia, the female philosopher, mur-
dered in the church at Alexandria, vi.
15.

Hypatius, sedition of, at Constantinople,
v. 61.

I and J

Jacobites of the East, history of the sect
of, vi. 60.

James, St. his legendary exploits in
Spain, ii. 129.

Janizaries, first institution of those
troops, vii. 479.

Iberian and Caspian gates of mount Cau-
casus, distinguished, v. 101. The Ibe-
rian gates occupied by Cabades king
of Persia, 102.

Idatius, his account of the misfortunes of

Spain by an irruption of the barbarous
nations, iv. 151.

Idolatry ascribed to the agency of dæ-
mons, by the primitive Christians, ii.
73. Derivation of the term and its suc-
cessive applications, iii. 76. note.
Jerom, his extravagant representation of
the devastation of Pannonia by the
Goths, iii. 367. His influence over the
widow Paula, iv. 377.

Jerusalem, its situation, destruction, and
profanation, iii. 145. Pilgrimages to,
and curious relics preserved there,
146. Abortive attempts of the emperor
Julian to rebuild the temple, 148.

A magnificent church erected
there to the Virgin Mary by Justinian,
v. 88. The vessels of the temple
brought from Africa to Constantino-
ple by Belisarius, 140. Is conquered
by Chosroes II. king of Persia, 455.
Insurrection of the monks there, vi.

34.

The city conquered by the Sara-
cens, vi. 347. Great resort of pilgrims
to, vii 185. Conquests of, by the
Turks, 190.

- Is taken from the Turks by the
Egyptians, vii. 241. Is taken by the
crusaders, 244. Is erected into a king-
dom under Godfrey of Bouillon, 247.

Succession of its Christiau princes,277.
Is pillaged by the Carizmians, 293.
Jerusalem, New, described according to
the ideas of the primitive Christians,
ii. 83.

Jesuits, Portuguese, persecute the East-
ern Christians, vi. 59. Their labours
in, and expulsion from Abyssinia, 76.
Jews, an obscure, unsocial, obstinate
race of men, ii. 59. Review of their
history, 60. Their religion the basis of
Christianity, 63. The promises of
divine favour extended by Christiani-
ty, to all mankind, ibid. The immor
tality of the soul not inculcated in the
law of Moses 80. Why there are no
Hebrew gospels extant, 121. Provoked
the persecutions of the Roman empe.
rors, 140.

, those of a more liberal spirit, a-
dopted the theological system of Plato,
iii. 8. Their condition under the em-
perors Constantine and Constantius,
143. Abortive attempt of Julian to
rebuild the temple of Jerusalem, 148.
-- Miraculous conversion of a number
of, at Minorca, iii. 478. note. Perse-
cution of, in Spain, iv. 414.

, Are persecuted by the Catholics in
Italy, v. 29. And by Cyril at Alexan-
dria, vi. 15. How plagued by the em
peror Justinian, 42.

-, Those in Arabia subdued by Ma-
homet, vi. 276. Assist the Saracens in
the reduction of Spain, 391.

-, Massacres of, by the first crusa-
ders, vii. 207, 208.

Jezdegerd, king of Persia, is said to be left
guardian to Theodosius the Younger,
by the emperor Arcadius, iv. 193. His
war with Theodosius, 203.

Igilium, the small island of, serves as a
place of refuge for Romans who flew
from the sack of Rome by Alaric, iv.
129.

Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, the Chris-
tian fortitude displayed in his epistles,

ii. 177.