Alexandria, 29. How prevailed on to
ratify the Nicene creed, 31. His levi-
ty in religion, 32. Granted a tolera-
tion to his Pagan subjects, 72. His
reform of Pagan abuses, ibid. Was
associated with the Heathen Deities
after his death, by a decree of the se.
nate, 75. His discovery of the holy
sepulchre, 145.

Constantine, publication of his fictitious
donation to the bishops of Rome, vi.
182. Fabulous interdiction of mar-
riage with strangers, ascribed to him,
vii. 25.

Constantine II. the son of Constantine the
Great, is sent to preside over Gaul, ii.
301. Division of the empire among
him and his brothers, on the death of
their father, 312. Invades his brother
Constans, and is killed, 321.

Constantine III. emperor of Constantino-
ple, vi. 83.

Constantine IV. Pogonatus, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 86.

Constantine V. Copronymus, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 94. Fates of his
five sons, 96. Revolt of Artavasdes,
and troubles on account of image wor-
ship, 162. Abolishes the monkish or-
der, ibid.

Constantine VI. emperor of Constantino-
ple, vi. 97.

Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, empe-
ror of Constantinople, vi. 114. His
cautions against discovering the secret
of the Greek fire, 418. Account of
his works, vii. 1. Their imperfections
pointed out, 3. His account of the ce-
remonies of the Byzantine court, 23.
Justifies the marriage of his son with
the princess Bertha of France, 25.
Constantine VIII. emperor of Constanti-
nople, vi. 115.

Constantine IX. emperor of Constantino-
ple, vi. 121.

Constantine X. Monomachus, emperor of
Constantinople, vi. 125.

Constantine XI. Ducas, emperor of Con-
stantinople, vi. 127.

Constantine Palæologus, the last of the
Greek emperors, his reign, viii 115.
Constantine Sylvanus, founder of the Pau-
licians, his death, vii. 55.
Constantine, a private soldier in Britain,
elected emperor, for the sake of his
name, iv. 66. He reduces Gaul and
Spain, 67. 145. His reduction and
death, 146.

Constantine, general under Belisarius in
Italy, his death, v. 177.
Constantinople, its situation described,

with the motives which induced Con
stantine the Great to make this city
the capital of his empire, ii. 220. Its
local advantages, 226. Its extent,
229. Progress of the work, 231.
Principal edifices, 232. How furnish-
ed with inhabitants, 235. Privileges
granted to it, 237. Its dedication,
238. Review of the new form of
civil and military administration esta-
blished there, 259. Is allotted to Con-
stantine the Younger, in the division
of the empire, on the emperor's
death, 312. Violent contests there
between the rival bishops, Paul and
Macedonius, iii. 63. Bloody engage-
ment between the Athanasians and
Arians on the removal of the body of
Constantine, 65. Triumphant entry
of the emperor Julian, 101. The se-
nate of, allowed the same powers and
honours as that at Rome, 113. Arri-
val of Valens, as emperor of the
East, 244: Revolt of Procopius,

245.

Continued the principal seat of
the Arian heresy, during the reigns of
Constantius and Valens, iii. 397. Is
purged from Arianism by the empe-
ror Theodosius, 401. Council of, 404.
Is enriched by the bodies of saints
and martyrs, 473. Insurrection against.
Gainas and his Arian Goths, iv. 181.
Persecution of the archbishop, St.
Chrysostom, 188. Popular tumults
on his account, 189. Earthquake
there, 243.

—, The city and eastern empire dis-
tracted by the factions of the circus,
v. 56. Foundation of the church of
St. Sophia, 84. Other churches erect-
ed there by Justinian, 88. Triumph
of Belisarius over the Vandals, 140.
The walls of, injured by an earth-
quake, 296. State of the armies, un-
der the emperor Maurice, 442. The
armies and city revolt against him,
445. Deliverance of the city from the
Persians and Avars, 470. Religious
war about the Trisagion, vi. 37.
Constantinople, Prospectus of the remain-
ing history of the Eastern empire, vi.
77. Summary review of the five dy-
nasties of the Greek empire, 149. Tu-
mults in the city to oppose the de-
struction of images, 162. Abolition
of the monkish order by Constantine,
ibid. First siege of, by the Saracens,
409. Second siege by the Saracens,
413. Review of the provinces of the
Greek empire in the tenth century, vii.

5. Riches of the city of Constantino-
ple, 13. The Imperial palace of, 15.
Officers of state, 19. Military cha-
racter of the Greeks, 32. The name
and character of Romans, supported
to the last, 42. Decline, and revival
of literature, 43. The city menaced
by the Turks, 80. Account of the Va-
rangians, 85. Naval expeditions of
the Russians against the city, 89.
- Origin of the separation of the
Greek and Latin churches, vii. 300.
Massacre of the Latins, 307. Inva-
sion of the Greek empire, and con-
quest of Constantinople by the crusa-
ders, 329. The city taken, and Isaac
Angelus restored, 332. Part of the
city burnt by the Latins, 335. Second
siege of the city by the Latins, 337.
Is pillaged, 340. Account of the sta-
tues destroyed, 345. Partition of the
Greek empire by the French and Ve-
netians, 349. The Greeks rise against
their Latin conquerors, 358. The ci-
ty retaken by the Greeks, 375. The
suburb of Galata assigned to the Ge-
noese, 444. Hostilities between the
Genoese and the emperor, 446. How
the city escaped the Moguls, 468. Is
besieged by the sultan Amurath II.
viii. 37. Is compared with Rome, 93.
Is besieged by Mahomet II. sultan of
the Turks, 138. Is stormed and taken,
151. Becomes the capital of the Turk-
ish empire, 160.

Constantius Chlorus, governor of Dalma-
tia, was intended to be adopted by the
emperor Carus, in the room of his vi-
cious son Carinus, i. 386. Is associat-
ed as Cæsar by Diocletian in his admi-
nistration, 398. Assumes the title of
Augustus, on the abdication of Dio-
cletian, ii. 2. His death, 7. Granted
a toleration to the Christians, 206.
Constantius, the second son of Constan-

time the Great, his education, ii. 300.
Is sent to govern the Eastern pro-
vinces of the empire, 301. Seizes
Constantinople on the death of his fa-
ther, 311. Conspires the deaths of his
kinsmen, 312. Division of the empire
among him and his brothers, ibid.
Restores Chosroes king of Armenia,
316. Battle of Singara with Sapor king
of Persia, 317. Rejects the offers of
Magnentius and Vetranio, on the plea
of a vision, 325. His oration to the
Illyrian troops at the interview with
Vetranio, 327. Defeats Magnentius
at the battle of Mursa, 331. His coun-

cils governed by eunuchs, 337. Edu-
cation of his cousins Gallus and Ju-
lian, 339. Disgrace and death of Gal-
lus, 344. Sends for Julian to court,
349. Invests him with the title of
Cæsar, 351. Visits Rome, 353. Pre-
sents an obelisk to that city, 356. The
Quadian and Sarmatian wars, ibid
His Persian negotiation, 360. Misma-
nagement of affairs in the East, 267.
Favours the Arians, iii. 32. His reli-
gious character by Ammianus the his-
torian, 34. His restless endeavours to
establish an uniformity of Christian
doctrine, 35. Athanasius driven into
exile by the council of Antioch, 43.
Is intimidated by his brother Con-
stans, and invites Athanasius back
again, 45. His severe treatment of
those bishops who refused to concur
in deposing Athanasius, 50. His scru
pulous orthodoxy, 52. His cautious
conduct in expelling Athanasius from
Alexandria, 53. His strenuous efforts
to seize his person, 56. Athanasius
writes invectives to expose his charac-
ter, 59. Is constrained to restore Li-
berius, bishop of Rome, 62. Supports
Macedonius, bishop of Constantino-
ple, and countenances his persecutions
of the Catholics and Novatians, 66.
His conduct towards his Pagan sub-
jects, 73. Envies the fame of Julian,
Recals the legions from Gaul,
79. Negotiations between him and
Julian, 89. His preparations to op-
pose Julian, 98. His death and cha-
racter, 100.

78.

Constantius, general, relieves the British
emperor Constantine when besieged
in Arles, iv. 146. His character and
victories, ibid. His marriage with
Placidia, and death, iv. 207.
Constantins, secretary to Attila king of
the Huns, his matrimonial negotia.
tion at the court of Constantinople,
iv. 251.

Consul, the office of, explained, i. 73.
Alterations this office underwent un-
der the emperors, and when Constan-
tinople became the seat of empire, ii.
242. The office of, suppressed by
the emperor Justinian, v. 109. Is
now sunk to a commercial agent, viii.
183.

Contracts, the Roman laws respecting,
v. 359.

Copts of Egypt, brief history of, vi. 67.
Corinth, reviving as a Roman colony,
celebrates the Isthmian games, under

Cosmo of Medicis, his character, viii. 89.
Councils and synods of

Antioch, iii. 43. .
Arles, iii. 48.

Basil, viii. 61.

Cæsarea, iii. 41.

Carthage, iv. 401. v. 135.
Chalcedon, iv. 188. vi. 29.
Clermont, vii. 196.

Constance, viii. 57. 61. 246.
Constantinople, iii. 404. vi. 45.
49. 159. vii. 305.
Ephesus, vi. 20. 28.
Ferrara, viii. 68.

Florence, viii. 69.
Frankfort, vi. 188.

Lyons, iv. 430. vii. 370. 407.
Milan, iii. 48.
Nice, iii. 20. vi. 186.
Pisa, vii. 250.

Placentia, vii. 194.

Rimini, iii. 28.

Sardica, iii. 45.

Toledo, iv. 413. 416. 467.
Tyre, iii. 41.

Count, great difference between the an-
cient and modern application of this
title, ii. 259. By whom first invented,
ibid. Of the sacred largesses, under
Constantine the Great, his office, 270.
Of the domestics in the Eastern em-
pire, his office, 272.

Courtenay, history of the family of, vii.
382.

Crescentius, consul of Rome, his vicissi

tudes, and disgraceful death, vi. 211.
Crete, the isle of, subdued by the Sara-
cens, vi. 445. Is recovered by Nice-
phorus Phocas, 464. Is purchased by
the Venetians, vii. 353.

Crimes, how distinguished by the per`l
laws of the Romans, v. 370.
Crispus, son of Constantine the Great, is
declared Gæsar, ii. 45. Distinguishes
his valour against the Franks and Ale-
manni, 48. Forces the passage of the
Hellespont, and defeats the fleet of Li-

cinius, 53. His character, 293. His
mysterious death, 295.

Crispus, the Patrician, marries the
daughter of Phocas, and contributes
to depose him, v. 450. Is obliged to
turn monk, 452.

Croatia, account of the kingdom of, vii.
70.

Cross, the different sentiments entertain.
ed of this instrument of punishment,
by the Pagan and Christian Romans,
ii. 400. The famous standard of, in
the army of Constantine the Great de-
scribed, 401. His visions of, 402. 405.
The holy sepulchre and cross of Christ
discovered, iii. 145. The cross of
Christ undiminished by distribution to
pilgrims, 147.

Crown of thorns, its transfer from Con-
stantinople to Paris, vii. 372.
Crowns, mural and obsidional, the dis-
tinction between, iii. 199. note.
Crusade, the first resolved on at the coun-
cil of Clermont, vii. 197. Inquiry into
the justice of the holy war, 199. Exa-
mination into the private motives of
the crusaders, 204. Departure of the
crusaders, 207. Account of the chiefs,
211. Their march to Constantinople,
218. Review of their numbers, 225.
They take Nice, 229. Battle of Dory-
læum, 230. They take Antioch, 233.
Their distresses, 236. Are relieved
by the discovery of the holy lance, 238.
Siege and conquest of Jerusalem, 243.
Godfrey of Bouillon chosen king of
Jerusalem, 247. The second crusade,
258. The crusaders ill-treated by the
Greek emperors, 261. The third cru-
sade, 281. Siege of Acre, 283. Fourth
and fifth crusades, 290. Sixth cru-
sade, 293. Seventh crusade, 297.
Recapitulation of the fourth crusade,
319. General consequences of the
crusades, 378.

Ctesiphon, the city of, plundered by the
Romans, i. 232. Its situation describ-
ed, iii. 200. Julian declines the siege
of that city, 205. Is sacked by the
Saracens, vi. 321.

Cublai, emperor of China, his character,
vii. 466.

Curopalata, his office under the Greek
emperors, vii. 19.
Customs, duties of, imposed by Augus-
*us, i. 181.

Cy of indictions, the origin of, tra-
cea, and how now employed, ii. 276.

note.

Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, his history
and martyrdom, ii. 170.
Cyprus, the kingdom of, bestowed on the
house of Lusignan, by Richard I. of
England, vii. 310.

Cyrene, the Greek colonies there finally
exterminated, by Chosroes II. king of
Persia, v. 455.

Cyriades, an obscure fugitive, is set up
by Sapor the Persian monarch, as em-
peror of Rome, i. 303.

Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, his pompous
relation of a miraculous appearance of
a celestial cross, iii. 34. His ambigu-
ous character, ii. 147.

Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, his life
and character, vi. 12. Condemns the
heresy of Nestorius, 19. Procures the
decision of the council of Ephesus
against Nestorius, 21. His court in
trigues, 23.

Cyzicus, how it escaped destruction from
the Goths, i. 298. Is at length ruined
by them, ib. The island and city of,
seized by the usurper Procopius, iii.
248.

D

Dacia, conquest of, by the emperor Tra-
jan, i. 6. Its situation, 26. Is overrun
by the Goths, 276 Is resigned to
them by Aurelian, i. 330.
Dæmons, supposed to be the authors and
objects of Pagan idolatry, by the pri-
mitive Christians, ii. 72.
Dagisteus, general of the Emperor Justi-
nian, besieges Petra, v. 237. Com-
mands the Huns in Italy, under Nar-
ses, 273.

Diambert, archbishop of Pisa, installed
patriarch of Jerusalem, vii. 248.
Dalmatia described, i 26. Produce of a
silver mine there, 180. note.
Dalmatius, nephew of Constantine the
Great, is created Cæsar, ii. 300. Is sent
to govern the Gothic frontier, 301. Is
cruelly destroyed by Constantius, 311.
Damascus, siege of, by the Saracens, vi.
331. The city reduced both by storm
and by treaty, 337. Remarks on
Hughes's tragedy of this siege, 339.
note. Taken and destroyed by Tamer-
lane, viii. 15.

Damasus, bishop of Rome, edict of Va-
lentinian addressed to him, to restrain
the crafty avarice of the Roman cler.
gy, iii. 265. His bloody contest with
Ursinus for the episcopal dignity, 267.

Dames, the Arab, his gallant enterprise
against the castle of Aleppo, vi. 351.
Damietta is taken by Louis IX. of
France, vii. 295.

Damophilus, archbishop of Constantino-
ple, resigns his see, rather than sub-
scribe the Nicene creed, iii. 401.
Dandalo, Henry, doge of Venice, his
character, vii. 317. Is made despot
of Romania, 352.

Daniel, first bishop of Winchester, his
instructions to St. Boniface, for the
conversion of infidels, iv. 395.
Danielis, a Grecian matron, her presents
to the emperor Basil, vii. 11. Her vi-
sit to him at Constantinople, 17. Her
testament, ibid.

Danube, course of the river, and the
provinces of, described, i. 25.
Daphne, the sacred grove and temple of,
at Antioch, described, iii. 158. Is con-
verted to Christian purposes by Gallus,
and restored to the Pagans by Julian,
160 The temple burned, 161.
Dara, the fortifications of, by Justinian,
described, v. 100. The demolition of,
by the Persians, prevented by peace,
221. Is taken by Chosroes king of
Persia, 422.

Darius, his scheme for connecting the
continents of Europe and Asia, i1. 222.
Darkness, preternatural, at the time of
the passion, is unnoticed by the heath-
en philosophers and historians, ii. 136.
Dastagerd, the Persian royal seat of, plun-

dered by the emperor Heraclius, v. 475.
Datianus, governor of Spain, yields rea-
dy obedience to the Imperial edicts
against the Christians, ii. 205.
Datius, bishop of Milan, instigates the
revolt of the Ligurians to Justinian, v.
174. Escapes to Constantinople on
the taking of Milan by the Burgun-
dians, 180.

Debtors, insolvent, cruel punishment of,
by the law of the twelve tables, v. 365.
Decemvirs review of the laws of their
twelve tables, v. 305. These laws su-
perseded by the perpetual edict, 312.
Severity of, 364.

Decius, bis exaltation to the empire, i.

268. Was a persecutor of the Chris-
tians, 315.

Decurions, in the Roman empire, are se-
verely treated by the Imperial laws,
ii. 277.

Deification of the Roman emperors, how
this species of idolatry was introduc:
ed, i. 78.

Delators, are encouraged by the emperor
Commodus, to gratify his hatred of the
senate, i. 98. Are suppressed by Per-
tinax, 112.

Delphi, the sacred ornaments of the tem-
ple of, removed to Constantinople by
Constantine the Great, ii. 233. note.
Democracy, a form of government unfa.
vourable to freedom in a large state, i.
38.
Demosthenes, governor of Cæsarea, his

gallant defence against, and heroic es-
cape from Sapor king of Persia, i. 305.
Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, humane-
ly succours the captives brought from
Rome by Genseric king of the Van-
dals, iv. 312.

Derar, the Saracen, his character, vi. 333.
Desiderius, the last king of the Lombards,
conquered by Charlemagne, vi. 176.
Despot, nature of that title in the Greek
empire, vii. 19.

Despotism, originates in superstition, i.
251. note.

Diadem assumed by Diocletian, what, i.
431.

Diamonds, the art of cutting them, un-

known to the ancients, i. 182. note.
Didius Julianus purchases the Imperial
dignity at a public auction, i. 120.
Dioceses of the Roman empire, their
number and government, ii. 252.
Diocletian, the manner of his military
election to the empire, i. 392. His
birth and character, 394. Takes Max-
imian for his colleague, 396. Asso-
ciates as Cæsars, Galerius, and Con-
stantius Chlorus, 398. His triumph
in conjunction with Maximian, 424.
Fixes his court at the city of Nicome-
dia, 426. Abdicates the empire, 435.
Parallel between him and the emperor
Charles V. ibid. Passes his life in re-
tirement at Salona, 437. His impar-
tial behaviour towards the Christians,
ii. 191. Causes that produced the per-
secution of the Christians under his
reign, 193.

Dion Cassius the historian, screened
from the fury of the soldiers, by the
emperor Alexander Severus, i. 174.
Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria, his
outrageous behaviour at the second
council of Ephesus, vi. 28. Is deposed
by the council of Chalcedon, 32.
Disabul, great khan of the Turks, his
reception of the ambassadors of Justi-
nian, v. 211.
Divorce, the liberty and abuse of, by the
VOL, VIII.

Roman laws, v. 343. Limitations of,
345.

Docetes, their peculiar tenets, iii. 10. vi.
5. Derivation of their name, iii. 11.

note.

Dominic, St. Loricatus, his fortitude in
flagellation, vii. 203.

Dominus, when this epithet was applied
to the Roman emperors, i. 430.
Domitian, emperor, his treatment of his
kinsmen Flavies Sabinus, and Flavius
Clemens, ii. 161.

Domitian, the Oriental præfect, is sent
by the emperor Constantius to reform
the state of the East, then oppressed
by Gallus, ii. 342. Is put to death
there, 343.

Donatus, his contest with Cæcilian for
the see of Carthage, iii. 3. History of
the schism of the Donatists, 5.67. Per-
secution of the Donatists by the empe-
ror Honorius, iv. 217.
Dorylæum, battle of, between sultan Soli-
man and the first crusaders, vii. 230.
Doxology, how introduced in the church-
service, and how perverted, iii. 60.
Dramatic representations at Rome, a
character of, v. 104.

Dreams, the popular opinion of the pre-
ternatural origin of, favourable to that
of Constantine, previous to his battle
with Maxentius, ii. 404.
Dromedary, extraordinary speed of this
animal, i. 347. note.

Dromones of the Greek empire, describ.
ed, vii. 30.

Druids, their power in Gaul suppressed
by the emperors Tiberius and Clau-
dius, i. 36.

Druses of mount Libanus, a character of,
vii. 188. note.

Duke, derivation of that title, and great
change in the modern, from the an
cient application of it, ii. 259.
Durazzo, siege of, by Robert Guiscard,
vii. 128. Battle of, between him and
the Greek emperor Alexius, 132.

E

Earthquake, an extraordinary one over
great part of the Roman empire, iii.
347. Account of those that happened
in the reign of Justinian, v. 297.
East India, the Roman commercial in-
tercourse with that region, i. 62. Com
modities of, taxed by Alexander Seve-
rus, 182.

Ebionites, account of that sect, ii. 67,