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GENERAL RULES FOR SPELLING

1. Words of one syllable ending in ƒ, l, or 8, preceded by a single vowel have the final consonant doubled; as, mill, pass.

EXCEPTIONS.-Clef, if, of, sol, as, gas, has, was, yes, is, his, this, us, thus, pus, plus.

2. Words ending in any other consonant than f, l, or 8, do not double the final letter except in the following: abb, add, ebb, odd, egg, inn, err, burr, purr, butt, buzz, fuzz, and some proper nouns.

3. Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, double the final consonant when preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after qu, before a suffix beginning with a vowel.

EXCEPTIONS. — X, k, and v are never doubled. EXCEPTIONS.-Land & are sometimes doubled when the last syllable is not accented.

4. Words ending in any double letter retain it doubled before a suffix not beginning with the same letter.

EXCEPTIONS. Fled, sold, told, dwelt, spelt, split, shalt, wilt, blest, and past.

5. Primitive words ending in silent e

(a) Generally drop the e when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel.

(b) Retain the e when preceded by c or 9 before the suffixes able and ous to preserve the soft sounds of c and g.

(c) Retain the e in the derivatives of certain words to preserve the identity of the primitive word; as, hoeing, dyeing.

(d) Generally retain the e when adding a suffix beginning with a consonant.

(e) Preceded by dg drop the e in their derivatives, the d preserving the soft sound of g.

(f) Preceded by a vowel, in certain words, drop e before a suffix beginning with a consonant; as, true, truly.

6. Primitive words ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change y into i when adding a suffix beginning with any other letter than i.

EXCEPTIONS. Pity, piteous; beauty, beauteous; plenty, plenteous; duty, duteous; gassy, gaseous.

EXCEPTIONS. Most words derived from dry, shy, sly, spry, and wry, retain y. Exception, drier, driest.

EXCEPTIONS. Before ing, the y is retained to prevent doubling . Words ending in ie, drop e (Rule 6), change y to i for the same reason.

7. Primitive words ending in y, preceded by a vowel, retain У in their derivatives.

EXCEPTIONS. Pay, paid; say, said, saith; gay, gaily; day, daily; lay, laid; slay, slain; stay, staid.

8. Compounds generally retain the spelling of the simple words composing them; as, horseman.

EXCEPTIONS.

In most permanent compounds, the words full and all drop one 7; as, handful; while in others they retain both; as, all-wise.

9. Words compounded but not permanent are connected by a hyphen; as, golden-haired.

Of each of the following derivatives, give the

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SIXTH YEAR GRADE

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