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An improper diphthong is that in which only one of the vowels is sounded; as, oa in boat.

A triphthong is the union of three vowels in a syllable; as, eau in beau; iew in view.

A proper triphthong is that in which more than one vowel is sounded; as, uoy in buoy.

An improper triphthong is that in which only one vowel is sounded; as, eau in beauty.

Words are classified as simple or compound, primitive or derivative.

A simple word is not composed of other words; as, police, man, never, the, less.

A compound word is composed of two or more simple words; as, policeman, nevertheless.

A primitive word is not formed from any other word; as, hard, great, fly, watch.

A derivative word is formed from some similar word; as, harder, greatness, watchful.

A prefix is a syllable, a number of syllables, or a word added to the beginning of another word to modify its meaning; as, use, abuse, misuse; fine, superfine.

A suffix is a syllable, a number of syllables, or a word added to the ending of another word to modify its meaning; as, cost, costly.

Derivative words are formed from primitive words by means of prefixes and suffixes; as, move, remove; close, inclose; skate, skating.

49

WORD BUILDING (Prefixes)

a = on; ad, af to; arch

=

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chief; ante, pre, fore= against.

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win'try

66

hoard

lay'ish

rea'son

ap'pe tite

wel'fare

corpse

hearse

bur'i al

au tum'nal

shorn

row'en

de cline'

de clin'ing

rat tan'

doc'ile

'Heap high the farmer's wintry hoard,
Heap high the golden corn,

No richer gift has Autumn poured
From out her lavish horn."

"Reason should direct, appetite obey." "The wise and strong should seek the welfare of the weak."

The corpse was placed in the hearse and taken to the place of burial.

51

"And now the autumnal dews are seen To cobweb every green;

And by the low-shorn rowen doth

appear

The fast declining year.”

The rattan chair is well made.

The scholar has a docile mind.

min'strel

in firm'

fon'dle gal'lows

e nough' e clipse'

ca'ret

in'di cate

o mis'sion

ob serve'

52

"The way was long, the wind was cold, The minstrel was infirm and old.” The child fondles his pet kitten. "Have they cut down the gallows tree?"

"One cloud is enough to eclipse the sun."

53

In writing, the caret (or) is used to indicate the omission of a letter or word; as, The boy fl'es kite.

"It has been the true glory of the ob serv'ing United States to cultivate peace by

jus'tice

rug'ged

host

en ter tain'

stran'ger

urge urg'es

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"Strong limbs may dare the rugged road."

The host will entertain the strangers over night.

"Hope ever urges on, and tells us to-morrow will be better."

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54

WORD BUILDING (Prefixes)

be to make, by; bi = two, twice, double; con, co= with, together; counter = against, opposite,

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re pent'

in crease'
in creas'ing
knowledge

scoff'ing

Sab'bath

hu man'i ty fas'ten

se cure'ly

ceil'ing swol❜len

re'cent

cav'al ry

ford

gall

55

We seldom repent of having eaten too little.

"The men who are increasing the world's knowledge are studying, not scoffing at, the Bible."

"The Sabbath is the savings-bank of humanity."

"Little duties are the golden pins to fasten the mantle of God's love securely about us."

56

The man will paint the ceiling.

The streams were so swollen by the recent rains that the cavalry could rot ford them.

"A little gall spoils a great deal of honey."

las'so al'pha bet

in tro duce'

in tro duced'
Greece
riv'u let

der'rick

guy

le'ver
tac'kling
pul'ley
im mense'

mov'a ble
in creas'es

tac'kle read'i ly lathe

prop'er ly

57

The man will lasso the wild steer. Writing by means of the alphabet was introduced into Greece about 1519 B.C. (Before Christ).

"Rivulet, little rivulet, run,
Summer has fairly begun."

58

The derrick consists of a mast held in position by guys or stays, of a boom or arm acting as a lever, and of tackling of pulleys and ropes. It is a very powerful machine, and is used to raise and swing into position immense weights. Each movable pulley that is added to the tackle increases the working power of the derrick.

"Even the hardest rocks are readily turned into any required form in the lathe, by use of a diamond properly set as a turning tool."

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