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deus, King of Sardinia, in 1730. See alfo January 16, 1556.

5, 1783. Onore, in the East-Indies, taken by the English, with a moit terrible carnage.

6, 1536. Queen Catharine of Arragon, the divorced wife of the tyrant Henry VIII. died at Kimbolton, in Huntingdonshire. The acute and comprehenfive critic, Dr. Johnfon, in his remarks upon the tragedy of Henry VIII. fays, that the meek forrows and virtuous diftreffes of this queen have furnished fome fcenes which may be justly numbered among the greatest efforts of tragedy. But the genius of Shakespeare, he subjoins, comes in and goes out with Catharine. Some ftate her death to have happened on the 8th of January. She was interred at Peterborough. 1539. Henry VIII. was married to Anne of Cleves;

a fine duchy in the circle of Weftphalia, Germany. 7, 1558. Calais furrendered to the French, after it had been in the poffeffion of the English above 210 years. 1785. Mr. Blanchard, accompanied by Dr. Jeffries, went from Dover to the forest of Guienes, near Calais, in France, in an air balloon, in about two hours. In confequence of this aerial voyage the late King of France prefented Mr. Blanchard with 12,000 livres, and granted him a penfion of 1200 livres a year.

8, 1536. See January 6, 1536.

10, 1644-5. Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, was beheaded on Tower-Hill, in the 71ft year of his age, for high-treafon, not proved against him; but he fell a facrifice to party-violence and his own high-church fentiments, which induced him to attempt a general uniformity in religion, or rather to impofe the doctrine, difcipline, and hierarchy of the church of England, on the three kingdoms. He was a native of Reading in Berkshire.

1698. Gave birth to the celebrated and unfortunate poet, Richard Savage, who died in a jail at Bristol, 1743; an eminent inftance of the ufelefsnefs and infignificancy of knowledge, wit, and genius, without prudence and a proper regard to the common maxims

of

JAN.

of life. For an account of his fufferings, through the unnatural cruelty of his mother, the countefs of Macclesfield, we refer our young readers to Mr. Jones's New Biographical Dictionary.

II, 1698. Peter the Great, Czar of Mufcovy or Ruffia, came to England and remained incognito. He improved himself here in the art of ship-building, and King William prefented him with one of his royal yachts.

1753. Sir Hans Sloane, baronet, died at his houfe at Chelsea. He was first phyfician to George the Second, and many years prefident of the Royal Society. His immenfe collection of books, manufcripts, and curious productions of nature and art, now form a moft valuable part of the British Museum. Sir Hans was a native of Ireland.

13, 1790. Monaftic establishments were fuppreffed in France. Proteftants have always been accustomed to confider monaftic inftitutions as the haunts of ignorance and fuperftition, where the proud prieft and lazy monk fattened upon the riches of the land. It must, however, be admitted, that though we have now reason enough to rejoice that they are fallen, they have, nevertheless, in their day, been made fubfervient to fome ufeful purposes. See Mifcell. Pieces, by Dr. Aikin and Mrs. Barbauld.

14, 1792. Died Jofeph Jackfon, a letter-founder of distinguished eminence, with whofe types Mr. Benfley prints the fplendid edition of the Bible now publishing by Mr. Macklin.

14, 1794. Died, in the 65th year of his age, Dr. Edward Harwood, an eminent diffenting minifter and excellent claffical fcholar, whofe learned works are well known, fome of them having gone through many edi

tions. His "Introduction to the Study of the New Teftament" is a very valuable performance. 15, 1559. Queen Elizabeth was crowned at Westminster. 1779. David Garrick, an illuftrious actor, called the English Rofcius, expired. Rofcius, the famous Roman comedian, flourished about 50 years B. C. He

was

JAN.

was contemporary with Æfop, the fabulift, and Cicero, the orator. 1795. The Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the United Provinces, and his family, in confequence of the fucceffes of the French, were obliged to leave the Hague, and effect their efcape to England, where they arrived on the 21 of the fame month. They failed from Helvoetfluys and landed at Harwich.

16, 1556. The Emperor Charles V. after a long and turbulent reign, refigned the crown of Spain, and other dominions, to his fon Philip, referving nothing for himself but an annual penfion of 100,000 crowns; and chofe for the place of his retreat, St. Jufte, near Placentia in Spain. See January 4, 1724.

1780. Admiral Rodney destroyed feveral Spanish fhips, hear St. Vincent's Cape, Portugal

This celc

brated naval commander, who immortalized his name by numerous public fervices, died in 1792, aged 74. 1794. Expired, Edward Gibbon, Efq. author of a celebrated work, entitled, "An Hiftory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," great part of which was written at Laufanne, in Switzerland.

bon was born at Putney, in Surrey, 1737.

17, 1792.

Mr. Gib

Died George Horne, bishop of Norwich, whole "Sermons" and "Commentary on the Pfalms" are highly esteemed.

18, 1719. Died Sir Samuel Garth, an excellent poet and phyfician, and author of a most admirable fatire, called The Difpenfary.”

1732. The birth-day of the late King of Poland. See Feb. 11, 1798.

19, 1728. Died William Congreve, a celebrated dramatic

writer and poet, author of feveral comedies and poems, and of the tragedy of the "Mourning Bride." He was defcended of an ancient family in Staffordfhire, and born in 1672.

1730. The Czar Peter II died of the small-pox, in the 15th year of his age, and the 3d of his reign.

the grandfon of Peter the Great.

Dd 3

He was

20, 1,90.

JAN.

20, 1790. The far-famed philanthropist, Howard, died at Cherfon, the capital of New Ruffia. He was a native

of Hackney. A brief account of this "patriot of the world," is given in the Author's Arithmetical Queftions.

21, 1793. Louis XVI. King of the French, was beheaded at Paris. This unfortunate monarch was born in 1754; fucceeded his grandfather, Louis XV. in 1774, and was crowned, at Rheims in 1775.

The 21st of the month is faid to have been fingularly ominous to Louis XVI.; April 21, 1770, he was married; June 21, 1770, at a fête, given in confequence of his marriage, a vaft number of perfons were trampled to death; June 21, 1792, he escaped from Paris to Varennes; Sept. 21, 1792, royalty was abolished in France; and January 21, 1793, he was executed between eleven and twelve in the morning.

22, 1561. Francis Bacon, Vifcount St. Alban's, and Lord High Chancellor of England in the reign of James I. one of the greatest and most univerfal geniufes that any age or country has produced, was born at YorkHoufe in the Strand. See April 9, 1626.

23, 1570. The Earl of Murray, Regent of Scotland during the minority of James VI. was fhot at Linlithgow, by Hamilton, of Bothwellhaugh, who, after the battle of Langfide-hill, in 1568, had been condemned to death as a rebel, but, at the powerful interceffion of Knox, the Reformer, obtained a pardon. Part of his estate was, however, bestowed upon one of the Regent's favourites, who feized his house, and turned out his wife naked, in a cold night, into the open fields, where, before the next morning, fhe became furiously mad. This injury made a deeper impreffion on him than the benefit he had received, and from that moment he vowed to be revenged on the regent. The affaffin efcaped to France.

Some ftate the marriage to have taken place on the 19th of April, 1770.

Hiftorians

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Hiftorians are much divided concerning the character of Murray; but it is generally admitted, that his adminiftration was extremely popular; and he was long and affectionately remembered among the commons, by the name of the Good Regent.

23, 1766. Expired, at Bethnal-Green, William Caflon, univerfally esteemed a first-rate artist in the art of letterfounding, his foundery in Chifwell-street having been one of the moft capital in this, and equal to any in foreign countries. He was born in 1692, in that part of the town of Hales-Owen, which is fituated in Shropshire.

24, 76. The Emperor Adrian was born at Rome. In a vifit to Britain he built the famous wall which ftill bears his name. It extended from the Solway Frith to the river Tyne, where Newcastle now ftands. The defign of it was to fecure the Romans from the incurfions of the Caledonians. Adrian died at Baiæ, in the 63d year of his age, having reigned 21 years. The Latin verfes he addreffed to his foul have been tranflated by Pope. See the Ency. Brit. Art. Adrian, and Pope's works.

Baie was a city of Campania near the fea, famous for its delightful fituation and baths, where many of the Roman fenators had villas.

No bay with pleasant Baiæ can compare,

HORACE.

1793. The King of Pruffia, contrary to all the principles of national justice, took poffeffion of the city of Thorn. This was the birth-place of that eminent aftronomer Copernicus, in 1472; he died in 1543. 28, 1547. Died, after a life diftinguished by caprice, violence, and tyranny, Henry VIII. He had reigned 37 years and 9 months.

1725. Peter the Great expired, at Petersburgh, in the 53d year of his age, and 29th of his reign. This monarch gave a new face to the Ruffian empire; he rendered it at once formidable and flourishing, by disciplining his troops, by creating a powerful navy, by perfecting the education of the young nobility, by eftablishing