Researches on the Past and Present History of the Earth's Atmosphere ... - Thomas Lamb Phipson - Google Books

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The Discoveries made by Priestley-Mutual Dependency of Animals

and Plants-The Author's Experiments with Unicellular Algæ—

The Author's Experiments with Convolvulus arvensis and other

Attempts to Define the Primitive Conditions of the Globe from the

Results of Modern Research-The Dawn of Animal Life-Effects

of the Gradual Increase of Atmospheric Oxygen;

THE ATMOSPHERE OF OUR PRESENT PERIOD.

The Atmosphere is only a Mixture of Gases, not a Compound—

Irrefragable Proof of this by Berzélius-Its Changeable

Composition-The Inert Nature of Nitrogen-Ammonia and

Nitric Acid-The Author's Experiments on their Mutual

Conversion - The Unexplained Phenomenon of "Nitrifica-

tion"-Its Universality-Ammonia, like Carbonic Acid, a

Volcanic Product-Nitrification due to the Oxidation of

Atmospheric Ammonia, .

Definition of the Atmosphere of the Present Day-Transparency-

Spectral Lines of Oxygen not given by the Sun's Atmos-

phere-Observations and Experiments of Janssen, Piazzi-

Smyth, Langley, Dewar, and Faraday,

Sulphur always present in the Atmosphere-Characin, the Cause of the

Odour of Marshy Air-Odours of the Air in Different Countries-

The Odour of the Sea-Air-Detected by the Author in Marine

Fossils of the Tertiary Period-Odour of the Air after a Summer

Shower-Observations regarding Ozone, .
Pages 41-47

The Electric Phenomena of the Atmosphere-The Author's Researches

and History of Electric Discoveries-Phosphorescence of the Air-

Vibratory Nature of the Lightning-flash,

An Unexplained Condition of the Atmosphere-Effects of Glare-

Snow-blindness-Hemeralopia and Amaurosis,

Solid Substances in the Atmosphere which fall to the Earth, or can

be detected in suspension in the Air-The Author's first Discovery

of Iron Particles after the Meteor Stream of November 1866-

Confirmed by other Observers-His detection of Fossil Bacteria

in the Air, and of minute Crystals of Ice-His Observation of

Bundles of Grass transported for hundreds of miles-A Similar

Observation by Boussingault in Venezuela-Presence of Salt and

Sulphate of Soda in the Air-Gossamer-Birds and Insects—

Cosmic Dust-Explosion of Meteors-Periodic Plants-Trans-

portation of Frogs, Stones, Volcanic Ash, etc.-List of Extraneous

Substances-Mode of collecting Bacteria-Observations by

Pasteur, Miguel, and the Author,
Pages 59-72

Air essential to Sound-Mountain Air-Dr. Viault's important Observa-

tion on Hæmatosis-Height of the Atmosphere-Determination of

Altitude-Effects on the Barometer and Thermometer-Tempera-

ture at the Limits of the Atmosphere-Hermite's recent Experi-

ments with small Captive Balloons-Heights of Clouds-

Determination of Water-vapour in the Air-The Rain-band of the

Air the only Gas that can be breathed-Important Work of the

late Wilson Phipson - The Compressed-air Work of Daniel

Colladon-Dr. Junod's Application of rarefied Air—Air-bath

Establishments-Disinfection-Special Action of given Disin-

fectants-Absence of Microbes in Pure Air,

Air of Inhabited Districts, of the Country, of the Sea-coast, and of the

Ocean-Quantity of Carbon in the Air of a London Music Hall-

Quantity of Carbon in the Atmosphere of the Earth-Quantity

of Carbon in Organized Beings-The New Gas "Argon"-Forest

Air-The Author's Observations in Waldeck, etc.-The Influence

of Trees on the Air of Towns-Influence of Forests on Rainfall

known to Columbus-The Author's Explanation based on direct

Cold Air more dangerous than hot Air-The late Dr. Meisser's

Opinion-Effects of Sojourn in the Tropics-Temperature

Observations-Altitude, Dryness, Humidity-Carbonic Acid

in London Fogs-Air over Stagnant Water-Hydrocarbon

Gases in the Air of certain Localities-The Air of Mines-Air

of Bedrooms-Air of Fermentation-Air of Wells and Sewers-

Air over active Volcanoes-Air of the Mountains-Effects of

Arsenic-Air of Treeless Plains-Air of the Arctic Regions, and

that near the Snow-line on Mountain-slopes-Air of the Tropics—

Air in Cholera Epidemics,

The Movements of the Atmosphere-Barometer and Thermometer-

Cause of their Reverse Movements-Expansion of Air-Diurnal

Oscillations of the Atmosphere-Fluctuations of the Electric

State of the Air-Velocities of the Wind-Cause of the Move-

ments of the Barometer-English Weather-Cyclones—History

of Rotatory Storms-Small Local Cyclones,.

Absolute Weight of the Earth's Atmosphere-Various Optical

Phenomena caused by the Air-The greatest height Man has

reached on Foot-The Snow-line and Region of Perpetual

The Formation of Clouds-The Vesicular Theory-The Present

Theory--Cirrus Cloud-Cumulus Cloud-Stratus Cloud-Nimbus

Cloud-Colour of Cloud and Sky as an Indication of coming

Weather-Cause of Electric Phenomena in Thunderstorms-

Formation of Snow and Hoar Frost-Formation of Hail-Curious

Phenomenon of the "Cloud-arch "-First seen in England by

the Author—In Sicily by the poet Goethe-In the Arctic Regions

Influence of the Gulf Stream on the State of the Atmosphere over

Europe and the Atlantic-The Curve of Average Temperature and

Aerolites, or Stones from the Air-"Thunderbolts "-A Stroke of

Lightning-A Fall of Meteoric Stones-Belt of Meteorites round

the Earth-Shooting-star Orbits, and Comets-Old Opinion of the

Indefinite Extension of the Earth's Atmosphere,

The Organic Matter of the Atmosphere—Effluvia, Miasma, Malaria,

State of the Atmosphere in any given Locality-Immediate Weather-

Table for the British Isles and Northern Europe generally-

Fogs and Electricity-Ronayne's Discovery-Luminous Fogs-

Prevention of Thunderstorms and Hail,

APPENDIX A.-Account of an Experiment made with Convolvulus

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