APPENDIX I.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

Note.*

Services in Square-rigged Sailing Vessels.-A candidate for an ordinary certificate of any grade who has not previously held an Ordinary Certificate of a lower grade, must prove that he has served twelve months in the Foreign Trade or eighteen months in the Home or Coasting Trade in a square-rigged sailing vessel.†

Nature of Certificates.-Where foreign-going certificates are required to be held to qualify candidates for examination, they may be either the Ordinary Certificates or those for fore-and-aft-rigged vessels or for foreign-going steamships.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS.

*The Regulations of 1894 contained the following provision, which is now abolished: "RECENT EXPERIENCES AT SEA.-No candidate will be allowed to be examined for any GRADE OF CERTIFICATE unless he has served at sea two years, either in the Home, Coasting, or Foreign Trade, within the last six years, of which six months must have been within the last three years immediately preceding the date of his application to be examined." + The Regulations of 1894 provided that this service was to have been within the last five years. BUT THOSE LAST ISSUED (IN THE YEAR 1900) ARE SILENT ON THIS POINT.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS-continued.

CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING FOR E-AND-AFT-RIGGED

Same as for Ordinary Certificates; except that no service in square-rigged Sailing Vessels is required.

CERTIFICATES FOR "FOREIGN-GOING" STEAMSHIPS.

2nd Mate Only Mate Ist Mate

Master

Extra

Master

Same as for Ordinary Certificates; except that the service as Officer must have been performed in a Steamship and that no service in square-rigged Sailing Vessels is required.

APPENDIX II.

SUBJECTS FOR EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATES OF

COMPETENCY.

The arrangement and wording of the present rules are quite new, but the only fresh matter in substance is printed in italics, or noted as fresh.

THESE Rules came into force on 1st January 1898, and supersede the previous Regulations (which came into force on 1st March 1894). Further slight alterations were made in 1900, and the changes thus introduced are noted in small capitals.

Note.-Ordinary Certificates will entitle the holders to go to sea as mates or masters of any vessels, sailing or steam.

Second Mate, Ordinary. Examination in Navigation.—A candidate for a second mate's certificate will be required—

(a) To write a legible hand and spell correctly. This will be tested by NOT LESS THAN a quarter of an hour's dictation.

(b) To write a short definition of various astronomical and other terms, and to draw a rough sketch or diagram to illustrate their meaning. (c) To show a competent knowledge of the first five rules of arithmetic, and the use of logarithms.

(d) To work a day's work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation, and variation.

(e) To find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun.

(f)* To work any practical problem in parallel sailing.

(g)+ To find the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator's method; also the compass course, the variation and deviation being given.

(h) To find the time of high water at a given port.

(i) To find the true amplitude of the sun and the error of the compass

therefrom; also the deviation, the variation being given.

(j) To find the longitude by chronometer from altitude of the sun by the usual methods, computing the daily rate of chronometer from errors observed when required; also to find the true azimuth of the sun and the error of the compass; and the deviation, the variation being given.

(k) To find the true azimuth of the sun by the "Time Azimuth" Tables; the error of the compass; also the deviation, the variation being given.

(1)§ To find on either a "true" or "magnetic" chart, the course to

* The previous rules put it "To find . . . the difference of longitude from a given departure by parallel sailing."

† Formerly "To find the course and distances from one position to another by Mercator's method."

(j) and (k) These are great extensions of the old rules.

§ (1) is new.

The SHORT terms "true" and "magnetic" are used throughout the Regulations to

steer and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship's position on the chart from cross-bearings of two objects; from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking of the bearings being given; also the distance of the ship from the object at the time of taking the second bearing.

He will be required to answer vivâ voce questions on the following subjects

(m) The use and adjustments of the sextant, read off and on the arc and the mode of finding the index error by both horizon and sun. (n) The International Code of Signals.

(0) The construction, use, and principle of the barometer, thermometer, and hydrometer.

(p) Weights and measures.

Examination in Seamanship.-He must understand and give satisfactory answers on the following subjects:

(a) The standing and running rigging of ships.

(b) Bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in, and furling sail. (c) Sending masts and yards up and down, &c. (d) Management of a ship when under canvas.

(e) Management of ship's boats in heavy weather.

(f) Dunnaging and stowing cargo, &c.

(g) The Rule of the Road as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals.

(h) The signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals.

(i) The marking and use of the lead and log lines.

(j) The use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.

(k) Any questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of a second mate that the examiner may think necessary to ask.

(1) Also questions on the additional subjects which are specified in the rules of examination for second mate's certificates of competency for foreign-going steamships.

Only and First Mate, Ordinary.

Examination in Navigation. A candidate for an only or first mate's certificate will be required— (a)* To work out any three of the nautical problems prescribed for

the second mate's examination which may be given him by the examiner, in addition to the chart paper (1), and the oral subjects (m, n, o, p) prescribed for that grade.

(b) To compute the time at which a given star will be on the observer's meridian (occasionally by inspection).

(c) To describe where tables giving the names of the principal stars passing the meridian may be found.

(d) To describe where the meridian passage of the principal planets may be found.

(e) To determine what bright stars will be within an hour, or more, of the observer's meridian, above the pole and above the horizon, at any

indicate charts which have compasses engraved upon them, showing the true or magnetic points of the compass respectively.

* This states the old requirement that "in addition to the qualifications required for a second mate, an Only and First Mate must " in somewhat more formidable language. As the requirements from Second Mates are increased, this provision, of course, increases the severity of the tests applied to candidates for the higher grade certificates.