The terminations of these auxiliary verbs seem to be irregular. Most of them however are only contractions or the regular form. Thus hast is contracted for harvest; hath, for have h; has, for haves; and wilt, for willest; which last is likewise used from the irregular verb, to will; thus, I will, thou willest, he willeth, or wills The tenses of the subjunctive mode are expressed by may or can; might, could, would, and should, together with other auxiliary verbs, Would, wouldst, comes from will; and should, shouldst, from shall. Might and could seem to be the past time o may and can. To express with greater force the present and past time of the Indicative Mode, we use the auxiliary verb do; as, I do love; I did love. And so in the Imperative lo thou love, do e love. In the third person of the Imperative we always use let, which being an active verb. has always an accusative after it: as, let him love; let them love. When we speak of present time indeterminately, we use the simple form; as, I love, I loved but when we speak of it with soine particular limitation we use an auxiliary; as, I am loving just now I was (then) loving. The termination th, in the third person of the present of the Indicative, properly belongs to solemn discourse; as, he hath, he doth &c. The whole of the passive voice in English is formed by the auxiliary verb to be, and the participle imperfct, as I am loved, I was loved, &c. In many verbs the present participle also is used in a passive sense; as, These things are doing, were doing, dres The house is building, was building, &c. G When an auxiliary is joined to a verb, the auxiliary is varied according to number and person, and the verb itself always continues the same. When there are two or more auxiliaries joined to the verb the first of them only is varied according to person and number. The auxiliary must admits of no variation. Shall and will are always employed to express future time. Will, in the first person singular and plural, promises or threatens; in the second and third persons, only foretells; shall, on the contrary, in the first person, simply foretells; in the second and third persons, promises, commands, or threatens. But the contrary of this holds, when we ask a question; thus, "I shall go," "you will go;" express event only; but "will you go" imports intention: and "shall I go;" refers to the will of anotuer. The neuter verb is varied like the active; but sometimes it assumes the passive form; 28, I had fallen, or I was fallen. IRREGULAR ENGLISH VERBS. The English language abounds in irregular verbs. A verb in English is said to be irregular, which has not the Past Time and the Participle Perfect in ed. Most English verbs are liable to some irregularity from contraction. To this we are led by the nature of the language, and the manner of pronouncing it. Thus, instead of loved, lovedest, we say, lov'd, lovedest. Hence in many verbs ed is changed into t; as, snatcht, checkt, snapt, mixt, dwelt, past, meant, felt, left, bereft, c. for snatched, checked, &c. In such words, however, the entire form is also used, and in general to be preferred. They are net, therefore, commonly ranked among irregular verbs. Irregular verbs in English, properly so called, are all monosyllables, unless compounded; and may be reduced to the three following classes, in which those marked thus, are likewise used in the regular form. 1. Irregulars by contraction. These commonly end in d or t, and have the Present, the Past Time, and the Parti ciple Perfect, all alike, without any variation; as, beat, burst, cast, cost, cut, hit, hurt, knit, let, lift, light* put, quit,* read, rent, rid, set, shed, shred, shut, slit, split, spread, thrust, wet;" all of which are contracted for beated, bursted, casted, &c. The following in the Past Time, and Participle Perfect, vary a little from the Present: as, lead, led; sweat, swet ;* meet, met; breed, bred; feed, fed; speed, sped; bend, bent;" lend, lent; rend, rent; send, sent; spend, spent; build, built ;* geld, gelt ;* gild, gilt ;* gird, girt lose, lost. Sold, told, had, made, fled, shod, clad ;* from sell, tell, have, make, flee, shoe, clothe; are contracted for selled, telled, c. Stand has stood; smell, smelt; dare, durst, in the participle dared. 2. Irregular in ght. These are few in number, and have the Past Time and Participle in ght; as, bring, brought; buy, bought; catch, caught; fight, fought; teach, taught; think, thought reek, sought; work, wrought. 3. Irregulars in en. This is by far the most numerous class of irregular verbs. They have commonly the Participle Perfect in en, and form the Past Time by changing the vowel or diphthong of the Present Some form the Past Time regularly. Several verbs seem to have dropt the termination en in the Participle; as, Writhe, Frequent mistakes are committed with regard to those verbs which make the Partici ple Perfect different from the Past Time; thus it is said, he begun for he began; he run for he ran; the Participle being used instead of the Past Time; and much more fre quently the Past Time instead of the Participle; as, I had wrote, for I had written; it was wrote, for it was written; so bore for borne; chose for chosen ; bid for bidden; drove for driven; broke for broken; rode for ridden, &c. Several verbs are either defective, or made up of parts derived from different verbs of the same signification; as, go, went, gone, wet, wit or wot, wot; wis, wist; ought quoth, must, together with most of the auxiliary verbs. LATIN VERBS. The Latins have four different ways of varying verbs; called the First, the Second, the Third, and the Fourth Conjugation. The Conjugations are thus distinguished : The First has a long before re of the Infinitive; the Second has e long, the Third has e short, and the Fourth has i long, before re of the Infinitive. Except dae, to give, which has a short and also its compounds; thus, Circundăre, to surround; circundămus, -dătis, -dăbam, -dubo &c. The different conjugations are likewise distinguished from one another by the different terminations of the following tenses : 1. -abar, 2. -ēbar, 3. -ēbar, 4. jebar, -itur; -imur, -imini, -iuntur. Imperfect. -ābāris or -ābāre, -ābātur ; -ābāmur, -ābāmĭni, -ābantur. -ēbāris or -ēbāre, -ēbātur ; -ēbāmur, -ēbāmĭni, -ēbantur. -ēbāris or ēbāre, -ēbātur ; -ēbāmur, -ēbāmīni, -ebantur. iēbāris or iēbāre, -iēbātur; -iēbāmur, -iēbāmîni, -iēbantur. 1. -arer, -ārēris or ārēre, -ārētur ; -ārēmur, ārēmini, -arentur |