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again, is regarded as a condition which has ud arisen independently in several quite distinct groups of shade-loving ferns.

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A problem of special interest with which Professor Bower deals is that of the nature of the primeval plant-type from which in remote antiquity the Class of Ferns originated. From a consideration of early fossils, and by the comparative study of those living forms which there is reason to regard as primitive, the author concludes that the Fern archetype consisted of a simple upright shoot, possibly rootless, bifurcating if it branched at all, and with only an ill-defined distinction between the axis and the leaf, which was repeatedly forked into narrow segments. It is significant that the archetype thus reconstructed presents a similarity to certain plants of the Devonian rocks known as the Psilophytales, but Professor Bower wisely refrains from attempting to link the Ferns directly to this group. Indeed, as he points out, the theorem of the work is the evolutionary progression within the Class rather than its ultimate origin. 'The Ferns'

appendix virtually to the 'De Motu Cordis,' and answer to objectors.

'De Generatione Animalium' was published at the instance of George Ent in 1651, in London, in a quarto volume with a singular allegorical frontispiece by an unknown designer which is reproduced here, and makes one wonder mildly whether Harvey consented to it. There exists of this first edition a most interesting copy, bearing on most of the fly-leaves notes upon Aristotle in Harvey's hand, the hand "which no one without practice can easily read," as we find Ent averring. The English translation which came out in 1653 contained Faithorne's beautiful engraving of Harvey's portrait. This, and, as frontispiece, the attractive portrait from Ditchingham Hall, Norfolk, which has been attributed to Van Dyck, are delightful features of the volume, and we are also given several title-pages, a specimen of Harvey's MS. notes, and engravings from the drawings of valves in veins.

As for the strictly bibliographical matter, it is set out upon the plan followed in the author's 'Bibliography of Sir Thomas Browne,' that is according to the needs and standards of modern workers in the subject as most liberally and most exactly interpreted.

Epochs of Greek and Roman Biography. By
Duane Reed Stuart. (University of California
Press).

WHERE room for

comprehensive

will long be used and valued for the fresh light study of classical biography, and Professor

which it throws upon this progression.

(Cam

A Bibliography of the Writings of William
Harvey, M.D. By Geoffrey Keynes.
bridge University Press. £1 1s. net.).

FOR the bibliography of the seventeenth cen
tury, students and collectors are already
deeply in Dr. Keynes's debt, and now he has
increased their indebtedness by one of the most
attractive of his works, describing, as it does,
three books of which two at least are not only
to be counted among epoch-making achievements
of the human mind, but also to be prized for
their great rarity.
lished in book form in 1628, though its doctrine
had been worked out, taught and demonstrated
from at least twelve years earlier, appeared
first at Frankfurt-am-Main. The motive of this
choice of place Dr. Keynes finds in the fact that
as a centre of learning and science Frankfurt
was then much to be preferred to London, the
use of Latin making the country of publication
None the less ferrankfurta treated the book
matter of indifference so far as language went.
rather ill-sent it forth full of errata, and
printed for the more part on thin, inferior
paper which has browned and is crumbling.
There are, it is true, rare copies printed on an
excellent paper, one of them at the Bodleian.
Seventeen copies in all are known. Of trans-
lated editionsle there have been eight English,

'De Motu Cordis, pub

two of both Dutch.

French and German, and one

in

De Circulatione Sanguinis' appeared 1649-the leas important of the three books, an

Stuart is not altogether wanting in qualifications for carrying such a work out successfully. He has acquainted himself with the latest researches and conclusions on the matter; he knows the originals; he has a quick mind and ideas of his own. We much liked his insistence that, if two writers adopt one and the same method, we are not thereby justified as it is now so largely the fashion to suppose-in arguing that the later of the two copied the earlier. He also makes good original contribution on one or two points, as, for example, when he notes the resemblance between the ten most excellent desires enumerated in the eulogy of Metellus, preserved for us by Pliny, and the macarismi of the Evagoras' and the Agesilaus.' He is at his best on this side of the performance-in isolated suggestions, and observation of detail; he is less happy in his treatment of his subject as a whole. Those who come fresh to it in his pages are likely to feel the want of system, definiteness, and clear statement of and seek chiefly interpretation, or illuminating fundamental facts. Those who know the facts additions, may be baulked, even irritated, by the style and manner, as well as by a very odd

use of the categories of evolution and psychology. It is, indeed, to our thinking, curious that

Professor Stuart should have been occupied so long and deeply with the classics and have caught so little of their spirit. The discrepancy goes deeper than mere writing, yet perhaps the following sentences may convey something of the nature of that which regret: "On the other hand, we have seen that

we

anything approaching a complete cognizance of
the workings of the commemorative impulse is
conditioned on peering back through the mists
of centuries to times antedating literary re-
mains. It is also true that retrospection far
back of the fifth century is necessary for the
study of another basic factor in the evolution
of biography, namely consciousness of individ-
uality. The conviction on the part of the
human intellect that the life of an individual
has in itself a value, an interest, or both is a
sine qua non of biographical writing. The
concept of personality must have impinged on
man's brain-pan." This sort of thing, though
it is certainly rather funny, is, after a page or
two, very hard to read.

Gloucestershire. By Theodore
(Gloucester. Minchin and

Drama in Hannam-Clark. Gibbs. 5s.).

N the prologue the author tells us that this

His readers, then, will not be surprised to learn that for the earlier centuries he draws on printed sources and on the work of scholars before him. Probably this part of the book, in which the student will find nothing new, will have done the best it is capable of if it sends an inquirer here and there to fuller works on the subject. On the other hand, the accounts of Gloucestershire acting in later centuries and in modern times are worth the student's noting. Here is brought together a great deal of useful information, which would otherwise want no little hunting down; and even that part of it which might be extracted from easily accessible biographies or other works deserves appreciation, and gains a new significance, as it is presented here centred in Gloucestershire.

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The sections under the headings Cheltenham' and 'Gloucester'; that about the various local Mummers and Mimicking Customs and that on Plays and Playwrights and Local References' may be mentioned particularly. The energy shown in the modern dramatic doings of Gloucestershire is remarkable, and our author himself has borne a lion's share therein, both as actor and inspirer of actors. It is pleasant to reflect that besides being a handy and entertaining work of reference for the lover of the drama in other counties this book must be to many scores of persons in Gloucestershire a reminder of most exhilarating and instructive activities.

We have received from the Cambridge University Press a pleasant little edition (2s. 6d. net) of Walton's Lives of Donne and Herbert, with a short and good Introduction by S. C. Roberts, and also An Early Irish Reader, by

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N. Kershaw Chadwick. The text of the reader is the Irish Saga from the Book of Leinster, the Story of MacDathó's Pig' (6s. net). Put together on the usual plan of readers, with Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary and Index, this book goes, in the first two, deeper into questions of MSS. and scholarship than most

readers do. A translation also is provided. A good book. Among pamphlets we would draw attention to the sympathetic and deeply interesting account of Charles Lethbridge Kingsford, by Mr. A. G. Little, which Mr. Humphrey Mil10rd has published for the British Academy (1s. net); to the reprint (Mr. Humphrey Milford for the English Association) of the Prime Minister's Presidential Address at the Annual Dinner of the Association last October (2s. net), and to Mr. S. C. Roberts's Lord Macaulay: the Pre-eminent Victorian-very fair, sound, and penetrating criticism, and useful, too, for reflection on the Victorian age.

Genealogists will like to note that the article by Mr. H. L. L. Denny, Some Pedigrees of Lenny, Le Denneys, Etc., which appeared in vol. xix. pt. 3 of the Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archæology, is now reprinted as a pamphlet, and we have received a paper on the History of West Wickham, Kent, by the same pen.

Twc new volumes in the World's Classics (2s. net) are Lytton's The Coming Race with which is given also The Haunters and the Haunted, and Leigh Hunt's Autobiography. Professor Edmund Blunden supplies the Introduction to Leigh Hunt, a pleasant piece of work penetrative in virtue of its kind and generous humanity. Mr. F. J. Harvey Darton fashion and thereby does justice to a name deals with Lytton in the same sympathetic and achievements which have been rather unduly belittled. Keats's friend, is the subject of a new book John Hamilton Reynolds, in the 'Oxford Miscellany selection from his work, preceded by an essay series-a good porates a group of interesting letters. A very on his life by Mr. George Marsh, which incorinteresting Bibliography which we would recommend to the notice of students of the seventeenth century is that of his writings compiled by Sir Charles Firth. arranged in lists under subject-headings and to contributions to 'N. & Q.' from 1887 to we observe that a separate section is devoted 1901. What Sir Charles Firth has done for the study of history is too well-known to need comment, but it may not be impertinent to observe that even those who are more or less familiar with his work will be struck with the mass of it, when thus presented all together before them.

These are

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WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to another contributor, correspondents quested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of 'N. & Q.' to which the letter refers.

Press, Ltd., at their Offices, 20, High Street,

Printed and Published by The Bucks Free
High Wycombe, in the County of Bucks.

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CONTENTS. - No. 16.

MFMORABILIA: -271.

On a

NOTES:-Berkeley Hunting Papers, 273
Sonnet of Keats, 276 Eighteenth Century
English, 277 Heraldic Confusion and Family
Bibles-A Dickens Parallel, 278.

"Gil

QUERIES: Virgil in English-Caledonian RoadEighteenth Century School at Hoxton-Hampden and the Ship-money-Dr. Harris, Author of | History of Kent'-Mrs. Browning's Sonnet on Wordsworth-Residence of Stuarts (Stewarts) in Edinburgh Castle or Holyrood Palace bertine as an architectural term-Clerk of the Green Cloth-Church Colleges: St. Aidan's, Birkenhead, and St. Bee's, Cumberland-Harrison in New England: portraits, 279-Collins of Acton Burnell, Salop-Freville: Lambton-Sandbach of Grenada, 280-Snow, of Co. Stafford-The English | Beaumonts-Harcourts in Leicestershire-Maltby and Hawyll, 281 Addison Price and Lee Families-Daniel C. Carr-Autographs of Poets -De Merk: writ de intendendo-Anthony Bainbridge, banker "Tayloriser" American Politics-Sources wanted, 282.

'The

REPLIES:- The Manor of Ebworth-Malebisse and Beckwith Arms, 283-" Bellisama "-Berkeley Castle hunt uniform - Shelley's Question': black flowers, 284-Duchess of Richmond, 1648-1702-Llananno Church, Radnorshire -" Mustmill": "Crabmill "-Thomas Cheshire, hangman Hand Alley: Berthon, 285 Hugo Family of Ireland-Folk-customs of St. Martin's Day-John Beatnisse (rectius Beatniffe)-" So This is Paris "-Folk-lore of the skin-Dowager Minnie Hinlip's cookery book-The malady of the stone in the seventeenth century-Old song wanted:

wanted, 286.

I'm ninety-five"

References

THE LIBRARY:-'West Kirby and Hilbre '-' The Poems of Nathaniel Wanley '-' The Early London Dialect.'

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THE

THE following numbers and Volume Indices of the TWELFTH SERIES or the complete

volumes in which they are included :

No. 2 Jan. 8, 1916 (Vol. i).
No. 53-Dec. 30, 1916 (Vol. ii).
No. 67-Apr. 14, 1917 (Vol. iii).
No. 86 November, 1917 (Vol. iv).
No. 128-Sept. 25, 1920 (Vol. vii).
No. 148-Feb. 12, 1921 (Vol. viii).
No. 168 July 2, 1921 (Vol. ix).
No. 185-Oct. 29, 1921 (Vol. ix).
No. 194-Dec. 31, 1921 (Vol. ix).
No. 228-Aug. 26, 1922 (Vol. xi).
Indices to Vol. vi (Jan. June, 1920) and
Vol ix (July-Dec., 1921).

Please send offers to "NOTES & QUERIES," 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks.

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THIS WEEK:

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NOTES AND QUERIES is published every Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306). Sub Subscriptions (£2 2s. a year, U.S.A. $10.67, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $8.56 without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 14, Burleigh Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Chancery 8766), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters

for the Editor to the London Office.

Memorabilia.

a

THE new number of the Friends' Historical Society prints the two letters in which Thomas Clarkson, the abolitionist, describes the Tsar Alexander's attendance at Quakers' meeting, and an interview between him and three Quakers a few days later, in June, 1814. The letters are copied from the originals at Friends House. The Quakers had drawn the Tsar's interest by presentation of an address through the Russian Ambassador. The three who waited upon him were William Allen, John Wilkinson of High Wycombe-who had preached for fifteen minutes at the meeting the Tsar had attended-and Stephen Grellet. The Tsar received them without his hat; they remained with their hats on. They all stood throughout the conversation, which lasted an hour. A principal article in the number is an autobiographical sketch of Joseph Metford (17761863

LOOKING through Sir Henry Newbolt's 1863), part Somersetshire Quaker, who gives

paper of last July-'The Idea of an English Association '-we were pleased with two quotations we found in it: the one is that talk about the classics which Samuel Rogers has jotted down in his 'Recollections,' in which Fox is shown so highly admiring the delicacy and good breeding of Homeric heroes of Priam towards Helen: of Achilles towards the suppliant Priam. The other is Rathenau's opinion of us written soon after the war: The final judgment of the British in the affairs of life is this is English,' that is not English.' Foreign lands are a subject of geographical and

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particulars about the

John Wilkinson: "he however like some others survived his popularity among friends; and some years before his Death he rejoined the Church in which he was born. I may not be acquainted with all the causes which

led to this change, yet I deplore the effect as a great loss to our Society, and to the world. I do not know his equal in the Society now! 'take him all in all.'' Metford also has much to say of one William Crotch, who was seer and of whom he tells that it is

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ethnological study. The whole mighty will Crotch in relation to things, past, present and

of a nation is here concentrated in the form of civilizing political energy. Every private inclination is a fad, and even fads have their fixed forms. An offence against table manners is banned like an attack on the

Church. Nature is mastered with consideration and intelligence, whether the problem is the breeding of sheep or the ruling of

India." This is indeed handsome. In

the argument of the paper the quotations are

on

a

new

used to mark intellectual and moral achievement in English society, which is now its trial at the hands of generation. What can be done, is asked, in the way of common action and association to preserve all that is essential to the old English ideal, and capable also of being preserved? There is undoubtedly danger, to quote a pretty bull which we discovered the other day in 'Octavia,' that if the English people should "let (their good qualities) run to seed, they would never bear fruit."

difficult to describe or even to credit the description of many sceneswhich witnessed by the extraordinary clearness of sight given to Wm to come; the religious, moral, and even commercial position of different parties have beenso plainly unfolded, that I have often seen our female companions start nearly from their seats"-during Crotch's communications. The Editor, in a note, informs us that Crotch came to a sad end while on a religious visit in Philadelphia.

THE contents of the October number of Old-Time New England consist almost entirely of accounts of houses: first and foremost Mr. Frank Chouteau Brown's article on the Wentworth Mansion at Salmon Falls; then Mrs. Mabel F. Stivers's on the Trueman Gilbert House; and papers on the Adams Mansion at Quincy, Mass.; the Rebecca Nurse House at Danvers, Mass.; "Drummer" Samuel Stetson House, Hanover Centre, Mass.; the Standish House, Wethersfield, Conn., and the John Hicks House, Cambridge, Mass. The illustrations bring the

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