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1923 Laboratory for conducting the work of the Bartol Research Foundation, provided for by the reconditioning of three buildings on the Institute's property, at Nineteenth and Cherry Streets.

1924 September 17, 18, 19. Centenary celebration of the founding of The Franklin Institute and the Inauguration Exercises of the Bartol Research Foundation.

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CENTENARY CELEBRATION OF THE FOUNDING OF

THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE

AND THE INAUGURATION EXERCISES OF THE BARTOL
RESEARCH FOUNDATION

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17TH

9.00 A.M. Assembly of Delegates and Guests at the Hall of The Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh Street.

9.45 A.M.

Academic Procession from the Hall of The Franklin Institute to the Walnut Street Theatre. Academic Costume is in order, but not required. 10.15 A.M. Invocation, Reverend Louis C. Washburn, S.T.D., Rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia.

10.30 A.M. Address of Welcome. The Honorable W. Freeland Kendrick, Mayor of Philadelphia. Address: President Wm. C. L. Eglin, Sc.D. Address: Professor Elihu Thomson, Ph.D., Sc.D., Honorary Chairman of the Centenary Celebration Committee of The Franklin Institute. 1.00 P.M. Luncheon to Delegates and Guests, the Bellevue-Stratford. 2.30 P.M.

Sectional Meetings, The Franklin Institute, 15 South Seventh Street, the University of Pennsylvania.

7.30 P.M. Dinner Parties.

Street. Premiums were offered for perfumery and soaps, straw goods, chemicals, furs, saddlery and harness, leather, dental materials, surgical instruments.

1856, November 11 to 29 inclusive, twenty-fifth exhibition of American manufactures held in Dr. Jayne's building on Dock Street. Silver medals were awarded for specimens of rolled iron, hardware, stoves and heaters, cabinet ware, lamps and gas fixtures, silver ware and jewelry, cotton and woolen goods, chemicals, etc. 1226 exhibits.

1858, October 15 to November 13, twenty-sixth annual exhibition of American manufactures held in the State Armory Building and adjacent grounds (Sixteenth and Filbert Streets). Awards were made for musical instruments, books, stationery, printers' type and materials, boots and shoes, needlework, coachwork, dental materials, philosophical apparatus, glass and china, lamps and gas fixtures, machinery, etc. A special pamphlet report on the sewing machines deposited at this exhibition was published in 1859.

1863. The Guardians of the Poor requested the Institute to communicate to them the most efficient means of protecting the Alms House Buildings. from lightning.

A subcommittee of the Committee on Science and the Arts, to whom the problem was referred, made a survey of the grounds and buildings and recommended the installation of a system of lightning rods, properly connected and grounded. Detailed directions were given for making this installation.

At the Stated Meeting of the Institute held April 21, 1864, President William Sellers read a paper on a System of Screw Threads and Nuts. He pointed out the importance of a uniform system of screw threads, bolt-heads and nuts and offered suggestions for establishing such a system. Tables, diagrams and formulæ were submitted and comparisons were made with the English system. After a discussion it was voted to send copies of Mr. Seller's paper to other societies for consideration and approval. A special committee was appointed to investigate the question of a proper system of screw threads, boltheads and nuts, to be recommended by the Institute, for the general adoption by American engineers. The committee presented its report in December and recommended the adoption of certain forms and proportions. Copies of the report and resolutions were forwarded to the various departments of the United States Government and to the Superintendents and Master Mechanics of railroad companies requesting them to use their influence to promote the adoption of a uniform system of screw threads, bolt-heads, and nuts, by requiring all builders under any new contracts to conform to the proportions recommended. Copies were also sent to Mechanical and Engineering Associations and Institutions, machine and engine shops throughout the country with a request that they use their influence in favor of the proposed system. The Sellers or Franklin Institute system was adopted by the United States Government in 1868, in the following year the Pennsylvania Railroad Company ordered a set of gauges of the new form and adopted it and in 1872 the Master Car Builders' Association recommended the system as a standard.

1869. Organized the Expedition to observe the Solar Eclipse at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, on August seventh. A party of volunteers, twenty in number, under the direction of Henry Morton, attended to the various duties in connection with the observation. The telescopes were borrowed and the transportation

for the party and equipment was furnished by the railroad companies. The first account of the work of the members of this expedition appears in the JOURNAL of the Institute for September, 1869. (Vol. 88, p. 200.)

A committee of three was appointed to consider the subject of memorializing Congress in reference to an exposition of Arts and Manufactures on the centennial anniversary of American Independence, to be held in the city of Philadelphia. This action resulted in the appointment of a special committee of five to bring the matter to the attention of Select and Common Councils and request that they memoralize Congress on the subject. A joint committee was organized, consisting of nine members from each chamber of Councils, three members from each House of the Legislature, and five representatives of the Institute, for the purpose of obtaining such aid as would make such an exhibition truly international in its character.

The efforts of this Committee resulted in the passage, by Congress, on March 3, 1871, of An Act to Provide for celebrating the 100th Anniversary of American Independence by holding an international Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine in the City of Philadelphia, and the State of Pennsylvania in the year 1876.

1871. The Committee appointed June 21, 1871, to examine into the modes of determining the horse-power of steam boilers presented a preliminary report which appeared in the JOURNAL for August, 1871. The concluding report was published in August, 1872, and was fully discussed at the Stated Meeting of the Institute held in October, 1872 (J. F. I., December, 1872, vol. 94, p. 377). It was voted to increase the membership of the Committee having charge of the experiments and have the investigation continued. A majority and minority report were presented to the Stated Meeting of the Institute on November 19, 1873, and appear in the JOURNAL for December, 1873. (Vol. 96, p. 396.)

1873. At the Stated Meeting of the Institute held February 19, 1873, the suggestions made by Professor J. P. Lesley in a letter to the Governor of Pennsylvania dated February 1 (J. F. I., Vol. 95, p. 194) urging the establishment of a geological survey of the state were approved. In his letter Professor Lesley called attention to the needs and advantages of a survey, the importance of accurate geological maps of the state and submitted suggestions for a complete working corps for the operations of the various departments of the survey. He estimated that the annual expense for personnel, laboratory, traveling expenses, instruments, publications and printing would be $47,000.

On May 14, 1874, the Legislature passed a bill providing for a state survey, which was signed by the Governor on the same day. The bill included an appropriation of $35,000 per year for three years. (This was the beginning of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania.)

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The April issue of the JOURNAL contains a report of the Committee on the Causes of Conflagrations and the Methods of their Prevention, with an exhaustive paper on 'The Light Petroleum Oils; considered as to their safety or danger, in various domestic uses prepared by Dr. William H. Wahl for the use of the Committee.

At the Stated Meeting of the Institute held March 19, 1873, it was resolved, to recommend and petition the legislature to pass an act or acts embodying the following points: To appoint a competent commission to investigate and

determine some satisfactory test whereby it can be ascertained which oils or compounds are safe to be used in lamps and which are unsafe. To make it a penal offence to manufacture, compound, sell or knowingly use any oil or compound that will not stand the required test, and that in case of death resulting from the same, the guilty person or persons shall be liable to conviction for manslaughter.

1874, October 6 to November 12 inclusive, twenty-seventh exhibition of American manufacturers held in the Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Thirteenth and Market Streets, Philadelphia (site of the Wanamaker Store). Held to celebrate the fiftieth year of the founding of the Institute. Number of exhibitors-twelve hundred and fifty-one, paid admissions--two hundred and sixtyseven thousand six hundred and thirty-eight. Two hundred and one silver medals, two hundred and twenty-eight bronze medals and two hundred and twenty-two certificates of Honorable Mention were awarded.

1875. An ordinance passed by Councils June 5 requested the Mayor to appoint a Commission of five scientific and practical engineers to be selected from not less than eight names recommended by the Board of Managers of The Franklin Institute, to whom in connection with the Chief Engineer of the Water Department, shall be referred the entire subject of the present and future water supply of Philadelphia. The Commission organized on June 29 and made a thorough investigation of the various pumping stations and reservoirs. Special examinations were made of the Wissahickon valley, the valley of the Perkiomen, the upper Schuylkill River and the Delaware River above tide, particularly at New Hope, Easton and the Water Gap. The report of the Commission was presented to Councils before the close of the year and contained nine recommendations for the improvement of the present water supply and special provisions for the Centennial year. For future supply the Perkiomen reservoir and conduit seemed to be reasonably practicable. Abstracts of the Commission's report appear in the JOURNAL for November and December, 1875 (Vol. 100, pp. 292, 368).

In September the Board of Managers learned of the measures being taken to establish a Museum of Industrial Art similar to the South Kensington Museum, London, and gave the movement their endorsement. In December an invitation was extended to the Institute to choose one of the trustees of the Museum, and in January of the following year Mr. J. B. Knight, then Secretary of the Institute, was chosen to act in that capacity. For ten years the Institute had a voice in the management of the Museum.

1882. A resolution passed at the meeting of the Institute held May 7, requested the President to appoint a committee to give expression of the views of the Institute concerning the pollution of the waters of the Schuylkill River from the entrance of sewage near the eastern end of the Girard Avenue bridge. The report of the Committee appears in the issue of the JOURNAL for August, 1882 (Vol. 114, p. 135). Attention is called to the advantage which would arise to the general health of the city from the construction of an intercepting sewer along the eastern banks of the Schuylkill from Manayunk or beyond, and with an outlet sufficiently below the densely populated portions of the City as not to be objectionable.

In conformity with an ordinance passed June 7, the Mayor appointed a

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