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been to improved on by Rabelais and Fontaine, is to be afcribed to Pulci, I know not.

However, Orlando's remonftrances had roated him to a fenfe of honor and hame, and be iffnes forth to the field with the following exclamation: My word is pafs'd, and I will keep the ground With fance in reft, and this good fword

and shield;

But how myself with my own weapons wound? How make my master bow, my conqueror yield?

Orlando had now blown a blast on his wory horn, (the fame that was afterwards fplit in pieces at Roncesvalles); Anthea had arrived, and the encounter began. Its iffue was fuch as might have been expect ed. Rinaldo, in the middle of the courfe, threw his fhield behind him, and caft away his lance. Richardetto and Oliver fucceffively challenged the fair enflaver, were overthrown, and furrendered them felves prifoners. Orlando, full of and defpair, next encountered the victorious Amazon: Rinaldo, for the first time forgetting his faith and his friend, was forced by his ill-fated paffion to pray for the fuccefs, or at least the fafety, of bis miftrefs; and we know not what might have been the fuccefs of his rene

rage

gado orifons, had not the fall of night feparated the combatants, and faved the honor and life of one of them.

Meanwhile Gano, who had been wandering over the world in purfuit of mif chief and revenge, had arrived at the Soldan's camp; and perfuaded him that by recalling his army, with the prifoners whom his daughter had made, he would draw Orlando and Rinaldo into a fare: for they would certainly purfue him to attempt the rescue of their friends, and, when once in his city, might easily be entrapped and difpatched. The advice of the traitor was adopted, and Anthea, with her army and her captives, returned to Babylon-(To be continued.)

For the Monthly Magazine. OBSERVATIONS On the WRITINGS of ars

TORIANS of all AGES and COUNTRIES; chiefly with a VIEW to the ACCURACÝ of their MILITARY DESCRIPTION, and their KNOWLEDGE of the ART of WAR. By GENERAL ANDREOSSI.

[Continued from p. 532 of vol. 22.3 'ESPAGNAC, who was the aid-de

the Life of that great general, with fo chability, that Voltaire was loud in

his praife, and the public voice confirm ed the merit of the work. A volume of engravings ferve to exemplify the narra tive, which we cannot read without admiring the intelligent officer in the dittinguished author. His Ellay on War as a Science, comprehending all its grandeft objects, is fo critically compiled from the most valuable authorities, both ancient and modern, that his fyltem is complete. The diffidence of the author would not permit him to make the flighteft deviations from his text, which he cites literally, as in the original document, noting the volume and page; and, although he reafons as he proceeds, his obfervations are altogether detached from his borrowed materials. A fupplc ment is added to this book, "On the Reveries of Marthal Saxe," in which he ftrives to reconcile the leading principles of that officer with thofe of our fervice.

RAYNAL'S Hiftory elucidates the most interefting period of modern occurrences;

mean the European ettablishments in the two Ladies. A flowing style, and ornamented periods, embellish his picture of lituations the moft opposite, and accounts the most extravagant. War, as a fcience, formed no part of his plan; yet his details are inftructive. The exploits of the Portuguese, under the Great Albu querque, are among the prominent paf fages of this work, and mult be read with pleasure.

The Inftructions of FREDERIC THE

GREAT include all the fundamental prin ciples of war; he expotes to his generals a lellem founded on his own experiences and, by nobly pointing at his own mittakes, be teaches them to avoid fignlar errors. Nor is this work (to worthy its illatrious author) his only claim on the gratitude of every military ran: like Cæfar in all things, he wrote the narras tive of his campaigns, entitled "The Hillory of my Tune." Thele comment taries treat generally on the public events in Europe, from his accettion to his lant campaign in Bohemia in 1778.

fan annals, occupied the labours of This period, do memorable in the Pruf many other valuable writers: among others, LLOYD, by birth an Englishman, but actively employed during the Seven Years' War in the armies of Auftria and Pruffia. His works, forming an inex bautuible fource of moral, political, and

Introduction to the History of a Seven Years War, entitled "Memoirs Military C 2

and

and Political," afterwards tranflated into French by an officer named Saint-Memon: 2dly, the Hiftory, in two volumes; the first of which, containing the campaigns of 1756-7, was partly tranflated by Saint-Memon, and fully by RouzFaziliac; and the fecond, including the campaigns of 1758-9, has no avowed tranilator, although it is conjectured that a manufcript tranilation has been made by G. Imbert: 5dly, his Memoir on the Invalion and Defence of Great Britain, tranflated by Imbert.

In the preface, Mr. Lloyd touches on the art of war generally; but with fuch exquifite kill, that we are prepared to expect the profound reatoning and extentive knowledge which characterife his fubfequent difcuffions. The remainder of his introduction is under five heads:

1. On the formation of armies, ancient and modern: here he hazards fome opinions, more or lefs erudite, on the formation of an army; but the refult of his argument is, that three qualities perfect the proportions of a military body, viz. ftrength, activity, and perpetual motion.

2. On the philofophy of war: he analyzes the various faculties effential to the guidance of an army, and difcovers thofe operative fprings whofe influence, more or lefs, give energy to enterprite, and infpire the troops. Thefe ideas are perfectly original, and worthy the genius of a Plutarch or a Locke.

3. On the connexion exifting between different forms of government, and their various fyftems of warfare.

4. Military tactics, exclufively confidered. His difcuffion on this fubject is at once profound and luminous. The bafis of all offenfive and defenfive operations he affirms to be, the art of always keeping a good line.

Laftly, In analyzing the frontiers of France, Auftria, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, and Ruffia, the genius of the author burtis upon his reader with increafing brilliancy. His topographical is as infallible as his argumentative knowledge.

His Hiftory of the Seven Years' War, in plan and execution, prefents an invaluable model to other writers. It contains general remarks on the art of war, according to the exifting. fyftem; be traces, a brief sketch of the relative fituations, political and military, of the belligerent powers, and developes the operations of each campaign. He gives us a general view of the theatre of war, bat particularizes the fcenes of the

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principal actions; all which he narrate's with a correctnefs and ability attributable tolely to experience and fuperior judgement.

His Memoir on the Invafion and Defence of Great Britain is not candid, and would be devoid of intereft, if he did not refume his military reflections in applying them to a project, the event of which, however, was altogether dependant on circumflances.

Mr. Lloyd died in the year 1783, at the moment he had it in contemplation to compofe a general history of the wars in Flanders, Germany, and Italy, for the two foregoing centuries. The world will, no doubt, long deplore the premature lofs of this officer's valuable exertions.

TEMPELHOFF, a Pruffian officer of great merit, continued Lloyd's History of the Seven Years' War. He ferved for a length of time under Frederic, for whom he appears to have entertained a more equal admiration than his predecellor expreffes, and gives a more circumftantial account of the actions he records. "His work is, in many refpects, exemplary as a military hiftory, and full of local information. Every oflicer withing to understand the princi ples of his profeffion, is advised to study this admirable treatife on practical tactics, which, in truth, has no competitor."*

THIELETHE, a Saxon colonel, procured a diftinguished name among the Ger mans, as the author of a work entitled "Memoirs on Military Operations, and on the Seven Years' War." Such praife from a military people is no fmall proof of an author's merit. The Colonel confines himself to a diftinét narrative of the most memorable actions during that period, to all of which he bears perfonal teftimony. Each detail is, in itfelf, an independent history. His facts are related with candour; he developes caufes and effects, and draws inferences from the whole pregnant with inftruction to all military men, particularly to thofe of the engineer and staff departments. The attack and defence of fortified pofis and entrenched camps, with prac tical rules, occupy much curious and interefting difcuffion. The four Leges fusiained by the fortrefs of Schweidnitz, during the campaigns of 1757 to 1762,

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occupy one volume. His refearches into the art of encamping are novel and profound; and, although the author anBounces that he writes only for the instruction of fubaltern officers, all ranks may profit from the perufal of it.

The King of Prutha's campaign in Bohemia, in 1788, has found a rigid critic in the COMTE DE SCHMETTAU, who, with the rank of major-general of cavalry, was the whole time attached to the perfon of his royal mafter. His remarks on the operations of this campaign difcover the mind of an intelligent officer, who relates with exactitude facts established by experience. This work is written with extreme boldness; it has been tranflated into French.

Ancient history has ufually been found more feducing, as well as more interesting, than modern hiftory: nevertheless, the Fall of the Roman Empire, the origin of the modern kingdoms in Europe, the difcovery of America, and (in France, particularly the exploits of Charlemagne, the crufades, and the revival of the arts under the foftering reign of Francis I., are, at leaft, equally important events with the Grecian wars or Roman conquests. It is not, therefore, the materials that form this diftinction, at is the manufacturer of whom we must complain. Our hiftorians are neither painters, philofophers, nor fatefinen; fome oue of which qualities every writer of antiquity poffeffed, and many of them not unfrequently the whole. A man cannot be effectually qualified as an hiftorian, unless he holds a confiderable part in the government, and rifes with its profperity. Such an one, from having a perpetual crowd of objects within his obfervations, has opportunities of forming comparifons, of conceiving vaft projects, and of combining caufes and effects, with advantages impervious to other people hence the peculiar merits of many of our Memoirs. But although amufement tingles with inftruction in this ftyle of compolition, the reader will do well to beware of its impofing qualities; the pen wanders when the imagination is prejudiced, and private feelings fpecioutly difguife the truth.

In Marthal DE MONTLUC's Commentaries, this fort of bias is remarkably glaring We mult, however, declare that the author does not indulge his vanity at the expence of his veracity. In his fplendid reprefentations of his own actous, he calls upon the candour of living situaties to corroborate, or refute, theur.

De Thou, in his very judicious treatife, repeats and juftifies them all. The Marfhal's fubfequent work, however, named, by Henri IV., "The Soldier's Bible," is not lefs efteemed for this little weaknefs. No better judge could have decided on its merits. The book ran through feveral editions, and has been tranflated into Italian and English; and, notwithftanding the late improvements on tactics, it will ever deferve to be the companion of military men who with to improve in the profeffion.

DU BELLAY feems to have collected all his panegyric into one focus, to emblazon the character of Francis I. In his narrative he dwells too long on those battles where he was either an agent or witnefs.

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Communicated to the MONTHLY MAGAZINE by an OFFICER of that SHIP. [Continued from Vol. 22, p. 540.] BEING accommodated with a budge row and provifions, as the winds were very faint, and fometimes contrary, we proceeded flowly down the river on the ebb tides; bringing up during the floods at the villages on the banks, and making excurfions from thence into the country to fee the manufactures, mauners, and cuftoms of thefe harmlets people: thus prolonging this little voyage of pleasure to the length of three or four days.

We visited the botanical garden, which is delightfully fituated on the western bank of the river, a few miles from Calcutta; its appearance from the water too, while pafling it, is very picturefque, "Here waving groves a chequer'd scene dif play,

And part admit, and part exclude the day; There, interfpers'd in lawns and opening glades,

Thin trees arife, that fhun each other's fhades."

The natives were exceedingly civil to us wherever we went, fhewing us every thing, and fupplying us with all kinds of fruits for a inere trifle.

Having dropt down to Sangur roads, in order to collect the homeward-bound Indiamen, we here spent our Chriftmas

with the utmost feftivity. This is a jubilee which British tars never fail to commemorate, whatever part of the globe they may happen to be in at the time.

We failed from Saugur with the convoy, which we accompanied till abreaft of the Andaman iflands; when we hauled off to the eastward, and left them to purfue their voyage.

We paffed between the Andaman and Carnicobar iflands, clofe to the fouthern extremity of the latter, with feveral other iflands in fight, all having a dreary and inhofpitable appearance; the winds nearly duc eaft, with fine weather, but (as in the vicinity of moft iflands) fqually at intervals. The next day ran clofe paft Tolonga, which is of considerable height, but in other refpects iimilar to the rett

of the Necobars.

We this day had a view of Pulo-Rondo, Palo-Way, and the high land of Sumatra, about Acheen head. We now experienced little elfe than a fucceffion of violent fqualls of wind, with deluges of rain; in the night, thunder and lightning in an awful degree.

It was not till the 21st of January that we could reach Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales's Iland, fituated at the entrance of the ftraits of Malacca, and two or three miles diftant from the Malay coaft. A party of us went to fee, the day after our arrival at the island, a very beautiful little waterfall, about fix miles from the town.

We ftarted from the town at daybreak, and rode a few miles through popper plantations, groves of the cocoanut, betel, &c. highly delighted with the fragrance of the air, which at this time of the day is ftrongly impregnated with the grateful odours that rife along with the exhaling dews, from the trees, ihrubs, and flowers. At the foot of the mountain, however, we were obliged to difmount, and proceed on foot up a winding path, that led through a foreft of trees of the moft gigantic fize, and which, by meeting over head, almoft excluded the day; involving us in a kind of pleafing gloom, the effect of which was heightened by the diftant noife of the waterfall.

"I hear the din Of waters thund'ring o'er the ruin'd cliffs. What folemn twilight, what ftupendous fhades, Enwrap thefe infant foods-Through ev'ry

nerve

A faced horror thrills.-A plealing fear Glides o'er my frame. The forest deepens round

And, more gigantic still, th' impending trees Stretch their extravagant arms athwart the gloom.”—Armstrong.

The latter part of our journey was fteep, rugged, and narrow, and fo overfhadowed with the thick woods, that we could fee nothing of the fall until we came to the bafon into which the water tumbles: all at once then this little fairy gien opened to our view, and difplayed a flender and beautiful cafcade of water, clear as crystal, and iffuing (as it were) from the middle of a little tuft of trees, about 200 feet above our heads. The fiream is twice intercepted in its defcent by thin ledges of rock that run acros the fall, and, by fplitting it in thinner fleets of water, add greatly to the benaty of the cafcade. It at length precipitates into a bafon of fold rock, from one fide of which it glides off into a steep and rugged channel, that forms a feries of other little cafcades all the way down to the foot of the mountain.

The bafon is bounded on each fide by craggy precipices, whofe brows are overhung with lofty pines, fome of which have occafionally given way, and their trunks are feen lying in various directions at the bottom, being split and torn by the fall.

After enjoying our little cold collation in this romantic spot, and bathing in its cool and refrething waters, we reluctantly took our departure, and retraced our fteps back to the town; admiring the beautiful natural fcenery of this ifland.

On the morning of the 24th January we weighed and made fail once more for Bengal. As the north-caft monfoon wasnow in its height, we were obliged to keep along the Malay coaft, which is high, and much divertified in its outline features from the great variety of forms which the mountains affame. The next day (25th) pafled Palo Baton, (26th) Pulo Sayer, and on the 29th defcried the eafi Andaman.

On the fame evening we got fight of Barren, or Volcano Iland, which at this time was burning very fiercely, the crup tions taking place every eight or ten minutes, with a hollow runbling noife.

This is a fall circular island, lying almoft in fight of the eaft. Andaman, between that and the Malay coat: it ap pears to be a perfect cinder, or at least covered in every part with lava, without the finalleft veftige of vegetation; it is of confiderable height, and the volcanic opening or crater is in the centre of the iland. We pulled within little more

than

than a mile of it; and, as the winds were trifling, we obferved the eruptions for three days and nights fucceffively.

The inhabitants of these itlands (Andamans) are a moft wretched race of mortals; they go entirely naked, live principally upon fith, and 'tis faid are canibals when they can procure human fel.

For the Monthly Magazine.

NEGLECTED BIOGRAPHY,

EDWARD JORDEN, M.D.

THIS learned phyfician was born of a good faimly at High Halden,Kent,and after receiving a preparatory education, was removed to Hart-hall, Oxford, where he ftudied fometime, but without taking a degree. Having chofen phyfic for his profellion, he went abroad and vifited different univerfities, particularly Padua, then the woft famous medical fchool in Europe. He there took his doctor's degree in that faculty, and returning to his native country was admitted a member of the royal college of phyficians. He fettled at firft in London, and became very diftinguished in his profeffion: but having a great inclination to mineral works, fays his biographer, he was at great charges about the making of alum, which not fucceeding according to expectation, he was thereby much injured m his eftate. He was much refpected by King James, who committed the Queen to his care when he made ufe of the Bath waters. The fame monarch alfo employed him in another cafe, which is curious enough to deferve notice in this place. A young woman in the country was troubled with fuch unaccountable Symptoms, as caufed a report to be spread abroad that the was bewitched. James had great faith in the doctrine of Demo ology, and wrote a ponderous book in its defence againft Reginald Scott, and other feeptical writers on that fubject. This circumftance, therefore, afforded kim an opportunity of proving the truth of his positions. By his orders the poffeffed person was brought up to London, and placed under the obfervation and care of Dr. Jorden, who, by giving her sample things without any thing of a medirumi muture, and by other means, difcursed the cheat, which he reported to

king. The girl was at firt very unedlog to difelɑle the juggle, but after fane threats and promifes, the coufeffed Sumotime before there happened sor betscop a female neighs

bour of her father's and himfelf, and having in his own apprehenfion, no better way to be avenged of her than this, he impioully caufed his daughter, on the receiving of the facrament, to engage to imitate one bewitched, and afcribe it to that woman, which she did, and acted this part in fo exact and wonderful a manner, that the deceived all the country where the lived, whọ thought it to be a truth. After which coufethon the was very quiet, and the king giving her a portion, fhe married, and thus was cured of her minical

witchery."

After practising fome time in London, Dr. Jorden removed to Bath, where he lived many years enjoying the "applause of the learned, the refpect of the rich, the prayers of the poor, and the love of all."

He married the daughter of a gentleman named, Jordan, in Wiltshire, the ac count of which marriage being very ingular, I fhall give it in my author's own words.

"The Doctor being on a journey be nighted on Salisbury plain, and knowing not which way to ride, happened to meet a fhepherd, of whom he made enquiry what places were near, where he might have entertainment for that night: the fhepherd telling him there was no place near enough for him conveniently to reach in any feafonable time, the Doctor alked what gentleman lived thereabouts; the fhepherd replied, there was one Mr. Jordan not far off, a man of good quality, and a great eftate. Prefently the Doctor (looking on this as a good omen) refolved on his houfe; where he was fo kindly entertained, and fo well accepted, that Mr. Jordan, understanding him to be a bachelor, beftowed his daughter on him, with a confiderable fortune."

By his lady he had four children. Edward the elder was an enfign in the attack on the ifle of Rhé, where he was flain,

making his colours his winding-heet." His eldest daughter was married to Mr. Thomas Benford, an apothecary at Bath, and mayor of the city: the others died young.

Dr. Jorden died of the ftone and gout in 1632, aged 63, and was buried in the Abbey church at Bath. His works are, 1. "A Brief Difcourfe, called the Sufocation of the Mother," &e. London, 1603, 4to. 2." A Difcourfe of Natural Baths, and Mineral Waters; wherein the original of Fountains in general is declared. The Nature and Difference

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