8. Gnelion occurs fifty-three times, of which twentytwo are in the Psalms. As an appellative it means high -"the high gate" (2 Chr. 23: 20, 27:3), "the high pool," ," "the house that is high" (1 Kings 9:8). Though I have referred (see above) to the desire of some to change its application in Daniel (in a note under El), myself I see no reason for not being satisfied with the good old English, "the Most High," as its rendering for Him who is The High One. It may be well for me to mark those places in the Psalms in which the Hebrew word maroom (exalted) is also Anglicised "Most High," as in Ps. LVI. 2, and XCII. 8. The order in which I have examined these names and titles is Elohim, Jehovah, El, Eloah, Adon, Adonim, Adonay, Jah, Shadday, Gnelion. I shall now, for facility of reference, re-arrange them alphabetically according to the English, putting after the word its number, as in my examination above, and its meaning. Adon (§), lord in power. Adonim (), Lord as owner. Adonay (3), LORD Elohim (1), creatorial | Gnelion (8), the High power. power. One. Jehovah (2), a name for relationship in blessing between the self-existent I AM and Israel. Shadday (7), Almighty in sustaining-resources. As a rule I do not insert the before Elohim, yet I have left it in the English, in such cases as "the Elohim-of his salvation" (XXIV. 5)-" of my salvation" (XXV. 5). "O" before Jehovah and Elohim, etc., I leave just as it stands in the version I have adopted. The following verses present the word written in Hebrew (as to the letters of it) as Jehovah, but with the vowel points of Elohim:-Ps. LXVIII. 21, and LXIX. 7, and LXXI. 5, 16, and LXXIII. 28, and CIX. 21, and CXL. 8, and CXLI. 8. In our Authorised Version we find the "Anointed " in the following places in the Psalms: II. 2, and XVIII. 50, and xx. 6, and XXVIII. 8, and LXXXIV. 9, and LXXXIX. 38, 51, and cv. 15, and CXXXII. 10, 17. He whom alone we adore has (1) creatorial power, (2) victorious power, and (3) thus, in His very being, stands in contrast with all that are called gods. 5. Adon, Adonim, Adonay. I give these three words together,—though in use they are very distinct, as we shall see. A. Adon (lord) first occurs in Gen. 18: 12, where Sarah speaks of Abram as " her lord"; and 1 Peter 3: 6, says "Sara obeyed Abraham, calling him 'lord."" This sense-viz., that of acknowledged deference to a party addressed whether the superiority be in position under a relationship, as of a husband addressed by a wife, or of a landholder to a foreign prince, of a servant to a master, a subject to a king, etc., etc., is the common use. But it is used with Elohim-as in Ex. 23: 17, thy males shall appear before the Lord [the Adon] Jehovah (read by the Jews here as Lord God): just so, likewise, in chap. 34 23. In Josh. 3: 11, 13, we have the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth. Ps. XCVII. 5, at the presence of Jehovah, at the presence of the Lord of the whole earth. See also Ps. cx. 1 and CXIV. 7. In Isaiah 1:24, thus saith the Lord, Jehovah of hosts; so in chap. 3: 1; so in chap. 10:33 and chap. 10: 4; but in Isaiah 3: 16 the Lord, Adonay of hosts. In Mic. 4: 13, their gain to Jehovah and their substance to the Lord of the whole earth; so Zech. 4: 14; 6: 5 and Mal. 3: 1 the Lord . . . even Jehovah of hosts. I have given what occurrences I have found of its use in the singular in connection with divine titles. From Acts 2: 26, "made lord," and Phil. 2: 10, 11, "every tongue shall confess to him that he is Lord," and Heb. 1: 2" appointed heir of all things," we know how the man, God manifest in flesh, Christ Jesus, has been owned on high as owner and Lord of all. Made Lord of all He has been as a man. Jehovah, no one could be made;—that He ever was and is and will be according to His essential divine being. B. Adonim (Lords) is the plural of Adon (lord). In Gen. 19: 2, Lot addresses two angels as "my lords,' so also perhaps in ver. 18; but, here, our translators have not attended to the points, for they give "my lord": now it must, according to the points, be either "my Lords " or "Adonay." It is, however, habitually used in the plural for an individual. In the following places it is used in the plural of the Most High:: Deut. 10: 17. Neh. 3:5. 10:29. PS. VIII.: 1, 9. CXXXVI.: 3. CXLVII.: 5. Isaiah 51: 22. For Jehovah, your Elohim, is Elohim of Elohim the work of their Lord (Adonim). our Lord (Adonim) Give thanks to the Lord (Adonim) of Lords (Adonim): Great is our Lord (Adonim), Thus saith thy Lord (Adonim) Jehovah, and thy Elohim, Hos. 12:14. his Adonim (Lord) shall return unto him. C. Adonay, with a long in the last syllable, is what is called a plural of excellence. The Hebrews would consider it as a sacred name-to be used only of the Most High. The translators of the Authorised Version, in about 430 times that it occurs, render it as if it were not always a plural of excellence but sometimes as a noun and a pronoun. In twelve places they give it as a noun and a pronoun, namely: But, noun with a pronominal affix-this, according to the form of the word (the place in which it occurs in the sentences cited not being at the close, so as to put it in pause), it cannot be. Adonay [or Lord] it had better always be rendered; and I doubt not but that careful students of Scripture will trace a fulness and a weight in the word as used by the Spirit in Scripture which will separate it, in their minds, from Adon the lord, master, proprietor, etc., and perhaps from Adonim the possessor. It never has a pronoun, nor the article-but is, in this respect, just as the word Jehovah-and I believe is only used of the Most High. If the translators of the Authorised Version had not appropriated "lord, Lord, LORD" to other uses, I should have been satisfied, to have used lord for Adon, in the singular; Lord for Adonim, in the plural; and LORD for Adonay. But as they have bespoken these terms, it may be better to mark the three words in question in some other ways. 6. Jah. This word occurs forty-three times in the Psalms, and only six times besides, viz., Ex. 15: 2, and 17:16; and Is. 12:2, and 26:4, and 38:11, 11; in all of which it is printed LORD, just as the word Jehovah ordinarily is, though not so in Is. 12:2, and 26:4, where it stands as Jehovah. Ex. 15: 2. 17:16. Is. 12: 2. 26: 4. 38:11. Jah is my strength and song, Jah hath sworn that Jehovah will have war For Jah Jehovah is my strength and song; is the rock of ages: I said, I shall not see Jah, Jah, in the land of the living: 7. Shadday. It is always rendered in the Authorised Version by the term, "the Almighty;" and I note also that the Hebrew word, Shadday, has no synonym; so that "Shadday" is not only always the Almighty, but also "the Almighty" never represents any Hebrew word but "Shadday." In the Psalms it occurs but twice, viz., LXVIII. 14, and XCI. 1. Of the forty-eight times it occurs, thirty-one are in the Book of Job. It is only used of the Most High, and the Almighty is a sufficient rendering; or, as some derive it, "Almighty in sustainingresources" (as the mother's breast for a babe); this I prefer. 8. Gnelion occurs fifty-three times, of which twentytwo are in the Psalms. As an appellative it means high -"the high gate" (2 Chr. 23: 20, 27:3), "the high pool,' " "the house that is high" (1 Kings 9:8). Though I have referred (see above) to the desire of some to change its application in Daniel (in a note under El), myself I see no reason for not being satisfied with the good old English, "the Most High," as its rendering for Him who is The High One. It may be well for me to mark those places in the Psalms in which the Hebrew word maroom (exalted) is also Anglicised " Most High,” as in Ps. LVI. 2, and XCII. 8. The order in which I have examined these names and titles is Elohim, Jehovah, El, Eloah, Adon, Adonim, Adonay, Jah, Shadday, Gnelion. I shall now, for facility of reference, re-arrange them alphabetically according to the English, putting after the word its number, as in examination above, and its meaning. Adon (), lord in power. Adonim (3), Lord as owner. Adonay (3), LORD my Elohim (1), creatorial | Gnelion (8), the High power. power. One from all pre- Shadday (7), Almighty in sustaining-resources. As a rule I do not insert the before Elohim, yet I have left it in the English, in such cases as "the Elohim-of his salvation" (XXIV. 5)—" of my salvation" (XXV. 5). "O" before Jehovah and Elohim, etc., I leave just as it stands in the version I have adopted. The following verses present the word written in Hebrew (as to the letters of it) as Jehovah, but with the vowel points of Elohim:-Ps. LXVIII. 21, and LXIX. 7, and LXXI. 5, 16, and LXXIII. 28, and CIX. 21, and CXL. 8, and CXLI. 8. In our Authorised Version we find the "Anointed " in the following places in the Psalms: II. 2, and XVIII. 50, and xx. 6, and XXVIII. 8, and LXXXiv. 9, and LXXXIX. 38, 51, and cv. 15, and CXXXII. 10, 17. |