RULES RESPECTING EXAMINATIONS FOR THE
QUALIFICATIONS IN EDUCATION.

The Examinations for Qualifications in Education are held twice a year. The candidates are first examined in Theory and History; and if their answering be satisfactory, they are called on to teach before the Examiners.

Three Qualifications are granted-viz. the Certificate in Elementary Education, the Diploma in Education, and the Diploma with Distinction.

Candidates must produce satisfactory evidence (a) that they are of good character; (b) that they have had sufficient experience of teaching (which must extend over a year at least), or have undergone a year's training at a recognized Training College; and (c) that their scholastic attainments are adequate.

The usual requirement for admission to the Examination for the Diploma in Education is that the candidate shall have graduated in some University under the British Crown. For the Certificate in Elementary Education, the candidates must have passed the "Final Examination of King's Scholars," or must have been ranked as First or Second Class Teachers under the rules of the Board of National Education in Ireland in force before the year 1900.

For the year 1910 all candidates for Qualifications in Education are expected to study

Stout (G. F.), M.A., Groundwork of Psychology (University
Tutorial Series, W. B. Clive).

Welton's Logical Bases of Education (Macmillan).

Bagley, The Educative Process (Macmillan).

Urwick, Growth of the Child's Mind (Arnold).

Monroe, Text Book in the History of Education, chap. vi. to

end (Macmillan).

They are also required to show a general knowledge of the Hygienic Principles bearing on Schools and School-work.

Candidates for the Certificate in Elementary Education are expected to study, in addition to the above, Salmon's Art of Teaching, or Landon's Principles and Practice of Teaching and Class Management.

Candidates for the Diploma in Education are expected to study a more extensive Course, to be arranged or approved by the Examiners, including other works set for the Arts Course in Education. The Examiners may exempt a candidate from answering at the Diploma Examination in a work in which he has already been examined in the Arts Course, provided his answering has been of a sufficiently high order,

The Diploma with Distinction is granted on the result of a second and stricter examination. Those only will be admitted who have attained a high standard at a previous Diploma Examination. Essays by candidates may be required in addition to Examination in the Hall.

Candidates must also select, from the following list, certain subjects in which they are prepared to give lessons before the Examiners. In the case of candidates for the Certificate not less than five subjects should be named; other candidates may, if the Examiners approve, select fewer subjects. The list of subjects selected must be sent to the Registrar of the School of Education, so that it shall be received a fortnight before the stated date of the Examination in Theory and History.

1. Arithmetic. 2. Algebra. 3. Euclid. 4. Elementary Science. 5. English Literature. 6. History. 7. English Grammar and Composition. S. Physical and Descriptive Geography. 9. Kindergarten. 10. Object Lesson. 11. French. 12. German. 13. Latin. 14. Greek.

If candidates show sufficient merit at the Examination in Theory and History, the Examiners will direct them to prepare and send for their inspection copies of their notes of certain lessons in the subjects they have selected. A suitable class will be provided on the day arranged for the Examination (which will be chosen, as far as possible, to meet the convenience of the candidates); and in addition to one or more of the prepared lessons, the Examiners may call upon the candidates to give a short unprepared lesson in any one of the subjects they have selected.

The fee payable for the Diploma Examination is £2 2s. for Graduates of the University of Dublin, and £4 4s. for other candidates, except those seeking only the Certificate in Elementary Education, who pay £3 3s.; it may be paid in equal moieties if the Examinations in Theory and in Practice are taken at different dates; and a candidate who fails to reach the desired standard may, with the permission of the Examiners, be allowed to present himself a second time for either examination on payment of £1 1s. The fee for the additional Examination for the Diploma with Distinction is £1 1s. for graduates of the University of Dublin, and £2 2s. for other candidates.

In 1910, the Examination in Theory and History will be held on Friday and Saturday, January 28 and 29; and on Friday and Saturday, September 30, and October 1.

The dates on which the candidates are required to teach before the Examiners will be arranged as far as possible to suit the convenience of the candidates who have entered their names.

Candidates must send their fees to the Registrar of the School of Education a fortnight before the date of the Examination. Further information will be supplied on receipt of a stamped and directed envelope.

DIPLOMA IN ECONOMICS AND COMMERCIAL KNOWLEDGE.

1. This Diploma will be granted for proficiency in the various branches of a higher business education, as tested by an Examination.

2. The Examination will be open to anyone who can produce evidence (a) that he is of good character; (b) that he has a satisfactory Preliminary Education: e. g., who has matriculated in any University or University College; who has passed the Middle or Senior Grade Intermediate Examination; who has the certificate of any recognized Technical School or School of Commerce; or who possesses any other qualification deemed sufficient by the Board.

3. The Examination will be held annually on days named in the University Almanac. In 1910 it will be held on April 5, 6, 7, 8. It shall be in the power of the Examiners, if it is thought advisable, to hold parts of the Examination at night, a week's notice at least being given to the candidates.

4. Candidates will be required to give at least one month's notice of their intention to compete for any portion of the obligatory subjects of the Examination: and at least three months' notice of the special optional course or courses which they intend to offer.

5. The Course for the Examination will be as follows:

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OBLIGATORY SUBJECTS.

I.-Economics, Descriptive and Theoretical.

Candidates will be required to have a general knowledge of the scope and method of economics, and the principles of production, exchange, and distribution. Also an acquaintance with the chief forms of industrial organization, especially those existing in the United Kingdom.

[Nicholson, Elements of Political Economy, or Devas, Political Economy, may be used as a convenient text-book. Marshall, Elements of Economics; Hadley, Economics; and Pierson, Principles of Economics, Vol. I., will be found useful for additional reading.]

II.-Economic and Commercial History.

The outlines of the industrial and commercial development of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Particular attention should be paid to the growth of the great industries and the progress of trade. [T. Warner, Landmarks of English Industrial History, may be used as an introduction. For reference, Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Vol. II.]

III.-Commercial Geography.

(a) General physiographical conditions.

(b) The chief economic products.

(c) The economic conditions and resources of the chief countries of the world.

(d) Trade routes.

[Chisholm, Smaller Commercial Geography, or Adams, Commercial Geography. For additional reading Chisholm, Handbook of Commercial Geography, is recommended.]

IV.-Accountancy and Business Methods.

(a) The principal forms of accounts. The preparation of a Balance sheet. Cost-taking. Depreciation and the formation of

reserves.

(b) Organization of business departments. Office work. [Lisle, Accounting in Theory and Practice.]

V.-Commercial and Industrial Law.

(a) The law of contract. The principal trade contracts. Company law. Negotiable instruments.

(b) The factory code. Workmen's compensation. Employer's liability.

[Munro, Commercial Law.

Redgrave, The Factory Acts.

For further reading, Steven's Mercantile Law, and Anson's
Contracts are recommended.]

OPTIONAL SUBJECTS.

[Of which one under each head may be taken.]

VI.-A Modern Language.

(1) French.

(2) German.

(3) Spanish.

Candidates will be tested in translation from and into English, dictation, and conversation.

VII.-Special Economic Subjects.

Candidates who take one of the Optional Economic subjects will be expected to possess a fuller knowledge of the theory and of the facts relating to the subject that they select. Particular attention should be given to the modern developments in theory and to the existing conditions.

(1)-Money and Monetary Systems.

Definition and historical development of money. The conditions that determine the value of money. The different monetary Monetary systems. The history of the English currency. changes in the nineteenth century. Controversies respecting the standard of value. The actual monetary systems of the world.

[Jevons, Money, and Nicholson, Money and Monetary Problems,

are recommended.

F. A. Walker's Money may be used for further reading.]

(2)- Foreign Trade.

The nature of foreign trade and the conditions on which its The use of development depends. Values in foreign trade. money in foreign trade. The foreign exchanges. Imports and exports. The regulation of foreign trade and its effects. Customs duties.

[Giffen, The Use of Import and Export Statistics.
Clare, The A B C of the Foreign Exchanges.]

(3)-Taxation.

The development of taxation. The different kinds of taxes. The principal rules of taxation. Direct and indirect taxation. General and local taxation. The incidence and effects of taxation.

[Plehn, Public Finance, Part II., or G. Armitage Smith, Taxation, is recommended as an introductory book.

Blunden, Local Taxation, and J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy, Book V., chaps. 2-6, may be used for further reading.] (4)—Associations and Combinations in Trade and Industry.

(a) The growth of association in the modern economic system. Trusts and Kartells. Combination and monopoly. The control of combinations by the State.

(b) The rise and growth of Trade Unionism. Effects of workmen's combinations. Modern Trade Union problems.

[Jenks, The Trust Problem, and Howell, Trades Unionism, Old and New, are recommended.

J. B. Clark, The Control of Trusts.

M'Crosty, The Trust Movement in British Industry.

S. and B. Webb, The History of Trade Unionism, may be used for additional reading.]