Adams, Sarah Flower, was born at Harlow,
England, February 22, 1805; and died in
London August 21, 1848. Sarah Flower
was the younger daughter of Benjamin
Flower, editor and proprietor of the Cam-
bridge Intelligencer. In 1834 she married
John Brydges Adams, a civil engineer and
inventor. She is represented by her friends
as being beautiful, intelligent, and high-
minded. Mrs. Adams had a gift for lyric
poetry, and wrote thirteen hymns for her
pastor, the Rev. William Johnson Fox, an
Independent minister. These were all pub-
lished in Hymns and Anthems, London,
1841. Several of these hymns have come
into common use, but her masterpiece is
the one found in this book:

Nearer, my God, to thee...

315

Addison, Joseph, whose fame is coextensive
with English literature, was the son of Rev.
Lancelot Addison, Dean of Lichfield, En-
gland, and was born May 1, 1672. He was
educated at Oxford, and early developed po-
etic talent. His literary contributions were
made chiefly to the Tattler, the Guardian,
and the Spectator. He is the author of five
hymns, all of which appeared in the Spec-
tator in 1712. It has been claimed that An-
drew Marvell is the author of two of these
hymns ("The spacious firmament on high"
and "When all thy mercies, O my God"),
but this claim is not justified by the his-
torical facts, which are too lengthy to pre-
sent here. Addison died June 17, 1719, be-
ing a devout and consistent member of the
Church of England. His last effort at writ-
ing was on an article upon the Christian
Religion. At the time of his death he
was contemplating a poetic version of the
Psalms. "The piety of Addison," says Ma-
caulay, "was in truth of a singularly cheer-
ful kind. The feeling which predominates
in all his devotional writings is gratitude;
and that goodness to which he
cribed all the happiness of his life he relied
in the hour of death with a love which cast-
eth out fear." The three hymns by Addi-
son are among the finest in this collection:

on

as-

How are thy servants blest, O Lord.. 102
84
The spacious firmament on high.
When all thy mercies, O my God.... 105

Alexander, Cecil Frances, daughter of Maj.
John Humphreys, was born in Ireland in
1823. In 1850 she married the Rt. Rev.
William Alexander, Bishop of Derry. She
wrote "The Burial of Moses," and was the
author of several books of poetry. Among
them were: Verses for Holy Seasons, 1846;
Hymns for Little Children, 1848; Hymns
Descriptive and Devotional, 1858; and The
Legend of the Golden Prayers, 1859. She
was the author of many hymns, several of
which have been widely used, as, for exam-
ple, "There is a green hill far away." She
died at Londonderry October 12, 1895.
Jesus calls us o'er the tumult.
545
Alexander, James Waddell, an eminent cler-
gyman of the Presbyterian Church and the
son of a no less distinguished divine (Rev.
Archibald Alexander, D.D.), was born at
Hopewell, Va., March 13, 1804. After grad-
uating at Princeton College, he entered the
ministry and was a pastor in Charlotte
County, Va., and later in Trenton, N. J. He
then became a professor in Princeton Col-
lege, and in 1844 a pastor in New York
City. In 1849 he returned to Princeton, be-
coming a professor in the Theological Sem-
inary, which position he resigned at the end
of three years, his heart yearning to get
back into the regular work of the ministry.
He now became pastor of the Fifth Avenue
Presbyterian Church, in New York City.
He died July 31, 1859. Dr. Alexander's
only hymn in this collection is a transla-
tion:

151

sacred Head, now wounded..
Alford, Henry, widely known as the author

of The Greek Testament with Notes and
other volumes, was born in London Octo-
ber 7, 1810; was pious from his youth, and
in his sixteenth year wrote the following
dedication in his Bible: "I do this day, in
the presence of God and my own soul, re-
new my covenant with God, and solemnly
determine henceforth to become his and to
do his work as far as in me lies." He was
educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, or-
dained in 1833, and soon made a reputation

as an eloquent preacher and sound biblical critic. He was appointed Dean of Canterbury in 1857, which distinction he held to the day of his death, in 1871. Dean Alford's Poetical Works (two volumes) were published in London in 1845. An American edition was published in Boston in 1853. He was the editor of The Year of Praise, a hymn and tune book intended primarily for use in Canterbury Cathedral, 1867. Four of his hymns appear in this collection: Come, ye thankful people, come..... 717 Forward be our watchword. 384 My bark is wafted to the strand.... 451 Ten thousand times ten thousand.... 618 Amis, Lewis Randolph, a Southern Methodist minister, was born in Maury County, Tenn., December 7, 1856; graduated at Vanderbilt University in 1878, and that same year joined the Tennessee Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, as an itinerant preacher. He filled many important appointments, being pastor at Pulaski, Tenn., when he died, in 1904. A useful and greatly beloved minister.

Jehovah, God, who dwelt of old..... 665 Andrew of Crete, so called because he was bishop of the island of Crete, was born in Damascus in 660. He died about 732. He was deputed by Theodore, Patriarch of Jerusalem, to attend the sixth General Council at Constantinople (680). He was also a member of the Pseudo-Synod of Constantinople, held in 712, which revived the Monothelite heresy. Afterwards he returned to the faith of the Church. Seventeen of his homilies remain to us. His most ambitious poem is called "The Great Canon." It contains more than three hundred stanzas, yet it is sung right through on Thursday of mid-lent week in the Greek Church. Christian, dost thou see them.... 616 Anstice, Joseph, was born in Shropshire, England, in 1808. Soon after leaving Oxford University, where he took a high stand as a student, he became Professor of Classical Literature in King's College, London. He was a member of the Church of England. He died February 29, 1836, being twentyeight years old. It was during the last evenings of his ilfe, when he was a great sufferer, that he dictated to his wife the hymns (fifty-two in number) which were collected and published the year he died for private distribution. From this collection the following hymn was taken:

......

O Lord, how happy should we be.... 519 Auber, Harriet, was born October 4, 1773; and died January 20, 1862. She led a quiet

and contented life, writing much, but publishing only one volume. The full title of this book was: The Spirit of the Psalms; A Compressed Version of Select Portions of the Psalms of David. It was published anonymously in 1829. It is not entirely original; some pieces were selected from well-known writers. This book is sometimes confounded with The Spirit of the Psalms, by the Rev. H. F. Lyte, but it is entirely different. The author became known through the Rev. Henry Auber Harvey. In a note to Daniel Sedgwick, dated November 25, 1862, he wrote: "The Spirit of the Psalms was partly a compilation and partly the composition of the late Miss Harriet Auber, an aunt of my mother's; and the preface to the book was drawn up by the editor, my late father, Mr. Harvey, a canon of Bristol." Julian, in the Dictionary of Hymnology, gives the first lines of twenty-five of Miss Auber's hymns which he says are in common use. This Hymnal contains only three:

Hasten, Lord, the glorious time..... 637 Our blest Redeemer, ere he breathed. 189 With joy we hail the sacred day.... 65 Babcock, Maltbie Davenport, an American Presbyterian clergyman, was born in Syracuse, N. Y., August 3, 1858; and died at Naples, Italy, May 18, 1901. He was graduated at Syracuse University in 1879, and Auburn Theological Seminary in 1883. He filled most successful and popular pastorates at Lockport, N. Y., Baltimore, Md., and at the Brick Presbyterian Church, in New York. While on a visit to the Levant in 1901 he was seized with the Mediterranean fever, and died under pathetic circumstances in the International Hospital, at Naples. He was a man of extraordinary personality and influence both in the social circle and in the pulpit. A volume of his prose and verse, edited by his wife, appeared soon after his death, entitled Thoughts for Every-Day Living, 1901. Dr. Babcock's writings show strength, delicacy of thought, and great originality.

Be strong; we are not here to play.. 407 Baker, Sir Henry Williams, an eminent English clergyman, son of Sir Henry L. Baker, born in London May 27, 1821; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1844. He took holy orders in 1844, and became vicar of Monkland, Herefordshire, in 1851, which benefice he held until his death. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1851. He is best known as editor

in chief of Hymns Ancient and Modern, to which he contributed several of his hymns. Dr. Julian says: "Of his hymns four only are in the highest strain of jubilation, another four are bright and cheerful, and the remainder are very tender but exceedingly plaintive, sometimes even to sadness." The language of his hymns is smooth and simple, the thought is correct and sometimes very beautifully expressed. He died February 12, 1877. His last audible words were a quotation of the third stanza of his

own exquisite rendering of the twentythird Psalm, No. 136 in this book:

Perverse and foolish, oft I strayed,
But yet in love He sought me,
And on His shoulder gently laid,
And home rejoicing brought me.

Bakewell, John, a Wesleyan lay preacher, was born at Brailsford, in Derbyshire, in 1721. He was a man of piety, earnestness, and consecration. He was made a lay preacher in 1749, and proved to be one of Mr. Wesley's most efficient workers. He was for several years Master of the Greenwich Royal Park Academy. It was in his house that Thomas Olivers wrote his justly famous and much-admired hymn, “The God of Abraham praise." He was an eminently useful man, and lived to a ripe old age, being ninety-eight years old when he died, in 1819. He was buried in City Road Chapel not far from the tomb of John Wesley. The epitaph upon his tombstone states that "he adorned the doctrines of God our Saviour eighty years, and preached glorious gospel about seventy years." He composed many hymns "which remain in the manuscript beautifully written," but only one finds a place in modern Church hymnals:

his

Hail, thou once despisèd Jesus...... 171 Barbauld, Anna Letitia, was a daughter of the Rev. John Aikin, D.D., an English Dissenting minister. She was born June 20, 1743, and early in life gave evidence of poetic talent. She had a great desire for a classical education, to which her father strongly objected. At length she prevailed in some measure, and was permitted to read Latin and Greek. She published her first volume of poems in 1773. In 1774 she married the Rev. Rochemont Barbauld, a young man of French descent, who attended a school at Warrington, where her father was a classical instructor. Mr. Bar

bauld had charge of a Dissenting congregation at Palgrave. They also opened a boarding school, which they carried on successfully for eleven years. Mr. Barbauld afterwards held other pastoral relations, and died in 1808. Mrs. Barbauld occupied her time and mind in literary pursuits, editing various works and contributing to the press. She died March 9, 1825.

257

Come, said Jesus' sacred voice....
How blest the righteous when he dies. 582

Barber, Mary Ann Serrett, was an Englishwoman, the daughter of Thomas Barber. She wrote many poems for the Church of England Magazine, and was the author of several books. One of these, Bread Winning; or, The Ledger and the Lute, an Autobiography, by M. A. S. Barber, was published in 1865. Miss Barber died in Brighton, England, March 9, 1864, at the age of sixty-three years.

Prince of Peace, control my will.... 337 Baring-Gould, Sabine, an English clergyman, was born in Exeter, England, January 28, 1834. He was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, receiving the degrees of B.A., 1854, and M.A., 1856. He took orders in 1864. His prose works are numerous and well known: Lives of the Saints, in fifteen volumes, 1872-77; Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, in two series, 1866-68; The Origin and Development of Religious Belief, two volumes, 1869-70. He is the author of a number of fine hymns, the best-known of which is "Onward, Christian soldiers." He published a volume of original Church Songs in 1884. From 1854 to 1906 he had published eighty-five volumes. His present address is Lew-Trenchard House, North Devon.

Now the day is over...
Onward, Christian soldiers.
Through the night of doubt.

59 383

567

Barton, Bernard, widely known as the "Quaker Poet," was born in London January 31, 1784, and was educated at a Quaker school at Ipswich. In 1810 he was employed at a local bank at Woodbridge, Suffolk, where he remained forty years. He was the author of eight or ten small volumes of verse between 1812 and 1845. From these books some twenty pieces have come into common use as hymns. He died at Woodbridge in 1849. His daughter published his Poems and Letters, 1849, after his death. His writings show a familiarity with the Scriptures and a love for good