Pronunciation of Latin-the quantity of the penultimate vowel is marked in every word throughout the book, where it is not determined by being placed before another vowel, a double consonant, or two single ones. The rules for pronunciation are founded on the system of Walker; and are agreeable to the usage of the University at Cambridge. They are general, and perhaps may admit of some exceptions. But it is hoped they will do something towards bringing about a greater uniformity of pronunciation; an object greatly to be desired. For the vicious pronunciation, arising from an entire neglect of the subject in some schools, and from the whimsical peculiarities of others, affords no little trouble and vexation to the tutor, when all the varieties of it are brought together in collegiate recitations. Besides, it is all-important that a correct pronunciation should be adopted from the beginning. So strong is the force of habit, that it has been found almost impossible to correct the pronunciation of boys who have been allowed to pronounce incorrectly in the commencement of their studies. This is of much more importance than most persons imagine. All parents are not sensible, when they allow their children to learn their Latin grammar first at home, without attention to this subject, or to commence the study of Latin with persons avowedly unfit to carry them through the course proposed, that they are preparing years of labour for the instructer to whom they are ultimately destined. But it is nevertheless true, that years have been spent in correcting habits of corrupt pronunciation formed in a few months; and sometimes it has been found impossible to correct them altogether.

The article on Gender, which was very incomplete in the original, has been written anew, and remarks on it, which were scattered in different places, have been brought together. The English has been added to the Nouns and Verbs used as paradigms. A greater variety of Nouns of the third declension are declined as paradigms; and several defective, irregular, and compound words have also been declined. The lists of Defective Nouns have been carefully revised and corrected. In declining the Adjectives, all unnecessary repetition has been avoided,

and an example in ns added. The table of Numeral Adjectives has been somewhat enlarged by the addition of the higher numerical letters. A few additional observations on the Pronouns have been subjoined. A paradigm has been given, in each of the four conjugations, of a Verb displayed in all its parts, and with the corresponding English annexed to all. An example of a Verb in io, of the third conjugation, has been added to the paradigms. In giving the English, a little more precision has been attempted than is observed in the original; particularly in the imperfect and future of the Indicative. A Synopsis of all the Modes and Tenses is subjoined to each Voice. The Formation of the Tenses, it is hoped, will be found more intelligible and practically useful than before. Some slight alterations have been made in the subsequent matter, in order to render more prominent certain portions which were thought confused and indistinct. To the Prosody has been added a Metrical Key, or explanation of the various metres and combinations of metres used by Horace, with an Index (after the plan of Dr. Carey) to all the Odes. The remarks, which stood at the end, upon English Versification, with the Latin rules of Prosody from Ruddiman, have been omitted as useless in that place. Instead of these are substituted a List of Latin Authors, arranged according to the golden, silver, and brazen ages of Roman literature; also Tables exhibiting the value of the Coins, Weights, and Measures, used by the Romans; with some Remarks on the method of computing Sesterces, and on the grammatical solution of expressions relating to them, which are drawn from the best treatises on these difficult subjects, and may assist young students to gain a more exact knowledge of them, than is to be derived from any other book in common use; and, lastly, Lyne's Rules for Construction, and for Position.

The editor hopes that this excellent compendium will be found to have derived some additional value, in a practical point of view, from the changes above-mentioned. The more he has examined the work, and compared it with other Latin Grammars, the higher it has risen in his estimation There is contained in this little manual almost

every thing that is necessary for the student at school or at college; while at the same time the volume is so small as to be convenient for use, even where an abridgment would be sufficient. This is an important consideration; for no abridgment or compend should ever be put into the hands of a scholar, who is afterwards to use the original work. The force of first impressions, and of local associations, renders it almost impossible to use a different Grammar from that first learned, with the same readiness. The page, the situation on the page, the type, and other circumstances connected with it in the memory, all contribute to facilitate the turning to any rule or observation desired. And no small loss of time is occasioned by that confusion which results from having learned two or three Grammars of the same language. Even a different paging in different editions of the same Grammar should be carefully avoided, unless there be some good reason for the change.

Boston, June, 1825.

THE EDITOR.