RECEIPTS NEXT MONTH.

THE OLIVE LEAF.

is published monthly by Daniel Hill and John M. Hussey. Terms, 50 cents per annum, for single copy; copies to the address of one person, $1.00, and at the same rate for any

number above that.

All communications for the paper should be addressed to the Editress, RUTH S. MURRAY, No. 409 Broadway, New York,

P. O. Box 4672.

All business matters to be directed as below. Money may be sent in Post-office orders, bank checks, or registered letters-the first being the safest.

The paper has not yet received sufficient subscription to sustain it; but we hope when our friends see the pains we have taken to furnish them good matter in neat and beautiful dress, they will exert themselves to give it a wide circulation and enable it to live. Address, THE OLIVE LEAF, New Vienna, Clinton County, Ohio.

MEMBERSHIP.

The payment of any sum between $2.00 and $20.00 constitutes a person a member of the American Peace Society for one year, $20.00 a life member, $50.00 a life director, and $100.00 an honorary member.

The Advocate of Peace is sent free to annual members for one year, and to life members and directors during life.

If one is not able to give the full amount of a membership, or directorship at once, he can apply whatever he does give on it, with the understanding that the remainder is to be paid at one or more times in the future.

The Advocate is sent gratuitously to the reading rooms of Colleges and Theological Seminaries—to Young Men's Christian Associations-to every pastor who preaches on the Cause of Peace and takes a collection for it. Also, to prominent individuals, both ministers and laymen, with the hope that they will become subscribers or donors, and induce others to become such. To subscribers it is sent until a request to discontinue is received with the payment of all arrearages.

To whom it may concern:

ALBION, Oct. 4th, 1872.

This may certify not only my faith in the fundamental principles of the American Peace Society as practicable, expedient and imperative, but also in the thorough good sense and ability of its accredited agent, Miss Jane E. Weeden.

At a union meeting of all the churches of this village, held at the Presbyterian church, a few weeks since, she was listened to by a large and deeply interested audience. Ignoring all mere sentimentalism, and dealing in facts alone, her address throughout was replete with instruction. Believing as I do that no community can afford to have her pass through unheard, I most earnestly bespeak for her the pulpits and rostrums of this State W. H. PERRINE,

Prof. Hist. and Belles-lettres, Albion College.

"REASON VERSUS THE SWORD!" To the Editor of The Advocate of Peace:

DEAR SIR-One of the greatest wants that I have felt in my peace labors for the past five years is a good supply of peace literature to put into the hands of reading and thinking men, that will have sufficient moral and literary weight, to command the attention of the most profund. The tracts and pamphlets we have had have been good-have indeed, many of them been jewels worth their weight in gold. hitherto nearly all our documents have been small. subject is of sufficient magnitude to occupy many octavo volumes to give but a moderate discussion of its merits. And one of the most encouraging signs is the announcement of the new volumes on peace that we have recently heard of both in this country and in Europe. I am glad to add one more to the

list.

But But our

G. P. Putnam's Sons, of New York, have just issued a volume of 470 pages, entitled "Reason and the Gospel against the Sword." I have made arrangements to give away about two or three hundred copies to leading journalists and literary men of the country, for investigation and criticism. I shall be surprised if this volume does not make some stir in the literary world. But rather than give my own opinion, I will beg to call attention to the following expressions from competent judges, viz:

66

RICHMOND, IND., Nov. 14, 1871.

Having heard, read and examined a large portion of the manuscript, entitled Reason versus the Sword,' I desire to express my deliberate conviction that it is an unanswerable argument in favor of Peace, presenting it from the stand-point of Divine truth and that it is written in an able, scholarly and clegant manner. Now, at a time when the subject of Peace largely interests the minds of many, we think this production of Rev. J. M. Washburn would be extremely useful. We commend it to the careful reader and seeker after truth. Very respectfully, R. E. HAUGHTON, M. D."

"I have examined portions of the above mentioned manumatter that ought to be given to the thinking public. I cheerscript, and am well satisfied that it contains much valuable fully commend its publication."

J. J. THOMAS, Assoc. Ed. Country Gentleman, Union Springs, N. Y., 8th Mo. 1871. "With considerable care I have examined parts first and second of Reason and the Sword,' by Rev. J. M. Washburn, writer's views on the subject-a subject now, more than ever It is a bold, scholarly and exceedingly able presentation of the before, demanding and receiving the attention of the people. Without endorsing every sentiment contained, or every position taken in the book, we desire to say that we regard the whole treatment of the subject as thorough, masterly and exhaustive. The book is the product of an earnest, penetrating, analytical, and at the same time reverent and devout mind. It is a great work, a living and important subject, and is eminently worthy REV. I. M. HUGHES, A. M. of publication.' Pastor 1st Presbyterian Church, Richmond, Ind. This work can be had of the Publishers, G. P. Putnam's

Sons, New York City, or of the undersigned, for $2.00 per copy. Men who wish to be up with the times will do well to purchase and read every new work on this living theme. WM. G. HUBBARD, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

PLEASE READ!

The Angel of Peace of which a specimen may be seen in the Advocate will be sent postage paid to any who desire to do good and help inould a generation of peace-makers, at the rate of 50 cents per hundred copies by addressing Rev. H. C. Dunham, 1 Somerset St., Boston.

Address American Peace Society, Boston, sent by mail 25 for 15 cents, 100 for 50 cents, 250 for $1.00, 1000 for $3.00. Use them.

A HAND PRESS, inade of all metal, elegantly silver plated, Case of Type, bottle of Indelible Ink, and Inking Pad, all inclosed in a neat box, with full directions, and sent, postpaid, to any part of the U. S. on receipt of $1.50. With this Press 500 Cards can be printed per hour. Envelopes and Labels printed, or clothing for a whole family neatly and indelibly marked. It sells at sight Agents wanted. A large commission allowed. Send 3 cents for terms, or $1.50 for Sample Press.

H. C. NEWTON, Troy, N. H.

We present above a specimen of a new pictorial envelope, which we are sure will be regarded as one of the most beauti ful and expressive things of the kind.

The Society has now four kinds of envelopes, three pictorial, and one other containing brief paragraphs in relation to war and the object of Peace Societies. They are not only envelopes, but peace tracts in miniature, and their use will promote the Cause perhaps a hundred or a thousand miles away. The price of these envelopes has been reduced to 15 cents a package, 50 cents a hundred, $1.00 for two hundred and fifty, and $3.00 per thousand. Being so cheap, and what almost every one has to purchase somewhere, we are selling thousands every week, and those who buy them are sending these messages of Peace all over the Continent.

We respectfully request all who use envelopes and wish to do good, to send to our office in Boston for these kinds, which will be sent by mail at the prices named without cost to them for postage.

DYMOND ON WAR.

This remarkable work is receiving unwonted attention from the reading public. Orders come to the office almost daily for it. We are indebted to Mr. Robert Lindley Murray, one of the Trustees of the Lindley Murray Fund, of New York city, for a new grant of several hundred copies of this most excellent Peace Document. We call the special attention of ministers to the fact that it will be sent to them free, whenever they remit six cents postage. It is a book of 124 octavo pages. Its retail price 50 cents. Address all your orders to Rev. H. C. Dunham, No. 1 Somerset St., Boston.

29.5

ANDOVER-HARVARD THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

THE ADVOCATE OF РЕАСЕ.

An International Code.-Letters fromDr. Levy of Rome

Right Hon. Montague Bernard..

Memorandum from Vernon Harcourt.

COVER.

1 Commendation of the Peace Cause by Promi.

2 Officers of the Am. Peace Society..

Mr. Passy's Letter..

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3 Special Notice.....

3

The Apostle of Peace...

69

A Song of a Song.

4

Iowa Peace Society..

Page.

1

2

2

3

3

3

Our Chief Want Now..

69

A Word.....

4 Receipts for June and July.

4

Membership.

70

4

Peace Society's Envelope.

Mr. Westlake to M. Rolin Jacquemyns
Letter from Hon Wm. Beach Lawrence ... 72
A Short Chapter in History...

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4 Dymond on War...

4 Editorial Contributors..

Advertisements

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AN APPEAL.

OFFICE OF THE AM. PEACE SOCIETY,

CONGREGATIONAL HOUSE,
Boston, May, 1873.

The American Peace Society, deeply grateful for the recent successes of the great cause, sends Christian salutations to the friends of peace throughout the continent of America.

So highly encouraging are the present aspects of the peace cause, that we need not apologize for making an earnest appeal to all the friends of God and of man, to aid us with their contributions as God has prospered them.

Our means, ever inadequate, are especially so at this crisis. We have reached an era in our work when a great advance is

demanded. To hesitate now or to doubt the liberality of the friends of peace in America, would be criminal.

The recent culmination of our principles in actual arbitration in two cases of grave difficulty between England and the United States, has awakened hope and faith throughout the civilized world. Count Sclopis has said recently, "The success of the Geneva arbitration has made a very deep impression upon the Italian people. I have never before known amongst us such a united public sentiment as on this question." The same has been the effect of this illustrious transaction upon all the nations of Europe.

Our Secretary, Rev. James B. Miles, has just returned from a visit to the principal European capitals, undertaken for the purpose of conferring with eminent men of all nations and professions in regard to measures for promoting peace. This tour has demonstrated the remarkable awakening of the nations and

the earnest wish of all parties to co-operate now in a grand effort to render general and permanent the results of the noble example of two powerful nations in settling by peaceful arbitration grave differences which threatened the dire alternative of war.

The London Peace Society has already inaugurated a special fund for the new exigency, which is generously patronized.

The American Peace Society must not be wanting at such a time. We are determined that it shall not be. We must have our fair share in this glorious enterprise for organizing peace among the nations. This we cannot have without a large

We must, also, have the means for increasing our use of the all potent press. The platform and the pulpit must be induced to render efficient aid. The clergy, embassadors of the Prince

of peace, to a man may be expected to co-operate in our work. But we must supply them with documents and facts to aid them in the presentation of our cause to their people.

In these circumstances, we make our appeal to the generous friends of peace to join at once in an effort to raise $50,000. This is the least sum suggested by our opportunities and our needs. This sum will be too small as an expression of our gratitude for the recent triumphs of our principles, which have saved ten thousand times the amount, besides crime and suffering incalculable.

We respectfully and earnestly invite the friends of peace every where upon this continent to organize Peace Committees, of ladies and gentlemen, together or separately, auxiliary to the American Peace Society, and to raise and forward to this office

their proportion of the sum named.

The officers and members of the Society pledge their utmost ries can reach a majority of the people, much of the money efforts in co-operation. But long before either of the Secretawill be greatly needed.

We send herewith recent circulars. Rarely have documents been signed by so many representative men of all professions. For the American Peace Society :

HON. EDWARD S. TOBEY, President,
PROF. ALPHEUS CROSBY, Chairman Executive Com.,
DAVID PATTEN, D. D., Treasurer,
REV. JAMES B. MILES, Corresponding Secretary,
REV. D. C. HAYNES, Financial Secretary.

[CONTINUATION OF LETTERS.]

VOL. IV. No. 9.

AN INTERNATIONAL CODE.

XI.

FROM DR. LEVY OF ROME, (REPRESENTATIVE OF THE JEWS.) The desire of some American citizens to raise international arbitration to the dignity of an institution is a laudable one. Humanity is already indebted to America for the declaration of the rights of man and of citizens, which, after it had been placed, by the several States of the Union, at the head of their Constitution, was carried by La Fayette to France, and by France extended to the world, under the name of the principles of 1789.

It is worthy of the active spirit of the Americans to give to Europe a new right of nation.

If the establishment of liberty of conscience in America was sufficient to cause to spring up within it numerous and free States, which constitute the power and the glory of the New World, it will doubtless be sufficient, in order to change the face of the Old World, to inculcate the belief that the decalogue is not less obligatory upon nations toward nations, than upon men toward men.

We ought not to flatter ourselves with the hope of immediate success. The general application of the decalogue to politics may proceed very slowly, and, if it does, we are not to be surprised, since it took centuries for liberty of conscience to triumph. But it is certain that the relations of nations among themselves will end by being regulated by the same moral law as the relations of individuals, for there is only one morality, as there is only one God.

Reason, not less than intuition, tells us that, when the divine precepts, "Thou shalt not kill," "Thou shalt not steal," “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy (od in vain," "Thou shalt not commit adultery,' "Thou shalt not covet what is thy neighbor's," are violated to the detriment of masses of men, instead of isolated individuals, the crime is not the less, and that the responsibility which devolves upon governments is greater than that which falls on merely private individuals.

The Hebrew Bible and the Gospel are agreed in proclaiming this sovereign principle, "Do not unto others what thou wouldst not have done to thee." This principle has been given, not only to individuals, but to nations.

When God, by Moses, gave the law to Israel, He promulgated it for all the nations of the earth who, conforming themselves to the rules of life traced for the elect people, wished to be holy and righteous nations.

An observation that cannot escape American sagacity is, that the States of Europe differ very much from the United States of America in their origin, and consequently in their tendencies. While each State of the American Union reposes on the free consent of its inhabitants, there are few States in Europe which have not some injustice in their very foundations. How are we to hope, in the present day, that the three States which dismembered and divided Poland will submit to arbitration upon the conflicts which are periodically breaking out between them and the Poles? Germany of to day is not a bit more likely to consent to an arbitration about the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, violently torn from France, than Prussia of yesterday was to allow to a congress the demarcation of the boundaries between her and Denmark. It is very improbable that the per

manent difficulties between the Austrian and Ottoman empires, and the population of various races that compose them, can be settled by simple arbitration.

Generous minds have, for a long time, been thinking of some means for establishing perpetual peace. The name of the Abbe de Saint Pierre is still celebrated in France and out of

France, on account of what people called "The dream of an honest man. His system failed, however, in that it tended to the immobility of all the States, such as they were in his day, with their frontiers just as they were, as if all the frontiers were equally legitimate. The same difficulty presents itself There is still too much injustice among the States of Europe to allow of our looking upon their actual boundaries, as if they were all equally sacred, and upon their respective alities would not certainly bow before the sentence that conforces, as if they were all founded in right. Oppressed nation

now.

demned them.

anterior and superior to all written laws, natural and improscripIt is necessary, above all, to recognize that there are rights table rights which the Eternal God has printed in the hearts of every creature, and which, consequently, are not subject to the regulations of majorities.

Then no majority whatsoever can legitimate slavery. I mean that iniquity of iniquities which makes one man the chattel of servitude of one people to another. another. Neither can any majority whatsoever legitimate the In this respect the old law of the twelve tables stands: adversus hostem æterna auctoritas

cst.

Before the institution of the jury became possible, it was necessary that men drawn by lot to serve as jurors should first be trained up in respect for a strict morality. Otherwise the institution would have done nothing but multiply injustice; and this is exactly what we see to be the case with those people among whom it has been introduced before they had been previously trained in morality.

Let us fancy a jury having to pronounce on facts of thieving, robbery or murder, when the jurors had been accustomed to look upon murder, robbery or theft as quite natural, and even to practice them themselves. In the same way before an international jury can rightly discharge their duty in a matter of policy it is necessary that the principles of international justice should first have made sufficient progress to insure that the majority of the members of such a jury should not be found opposed to the solutions most conformable to law and reason.

Europe is destined sooner or later, yet most certainly, to form a federation of free and independent nations united by the sentiment of their brotherhood. The greatest warrior of modern times, Napoleon, proclaimed upon his solitary rock of St. Helena, war in Europe will ever be a civil war.

To hasten the blessed day of this European federation the duty of all generous minds is to propagate this great thought, that nations must practice toward one another the same duties as individuals toward one another.

Though it may not be possible all at once to cause the triumph of the idea of international arbitration, it is still well to apply it on all occasions when it is at all possible.

After the war in the east, in the treaty of Paris, in 1856, the principle was laid down that all the States which took part in the treaty should engage not to have recourse to arms without first trying the way of arbitration. However, the Emperor, Napoleon III, failed when, in 1864, he proposed a congress for the Polish question; Russia declared that the question was for