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James Reed, of Bishop's Stortford, statuary aud mason, for improvements in tiles, slating, and the construction of water-tight joints, and in the covering and casing of buildings and other erections. June 2; six morths.

Henry Jubber, of Oxford, confectioner, for certain improvements in kitchen ranges, and apparatus for cooking. June 2; six months. Benjamin Aingworth, of Birmingham, gentleman, for certain improvements in the manufacture of glass, for the purpose of producing glass which may be used for the purposes to which plate glass and window glass are usually applied. June 4; six months.

Edmund Tuck, of the Haymarket, St. James's, Westminster, silver, smith, for certain improvements in the covering or plating with. silver various metals and metallic alloys. June 4; six months.

William Irving, of Regent-street, Lambeth, engineer, for an improved corn drill, or machine for sowing all kinds of seed or grain. June 7; six months.

John Woodcock, of Manchester, millwright, for certain improvements in the construction of steam-engines. June 7; six months.

James Nasmyth, of Patricroft, near Manchester, engineer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for forging, stamping, and cutting iron and other substances. June 9; six months.

Joseph Chatwin, of Birmingham, lamp-maker, for certain improvements in the construction of cocks. June 9; six months.

John George Hughes, of No. 158, Strand, general agent, for a new application of telegraphic signals, and the mode of applying the same. June 9; six months,

James Anthony Emslie, of the Borough and County of Newcastlenpon-Tyne, civil engineer, for certain improvements in pumps. June 9; six mouths.

Stephen Bencraft, of Barnstaple, gentleman, for improvements in the construction of saddle-trees. June 9; six months.

Arthur Howe Holdsworth, of Book-hill, Devon, gentleman, for improvements in constructing certain parts of ships and vessels in order to arrest the progress of fire, and for regulating temperature. June 11; six months.

Richard Garrett, of Leiston Works, Suffolk, agricultural instrument-maker, for improvements in the construction of horse-hoes, scarifiers, drag-rakes, and drills, for cultivating land. June 13; six months.

Thomas Banks, of Manchester, engineer, for certain improvements in the construction of wheels and tyres of wheels, to be employed upon railways. June 13; six months.

Moses Poole, of Lincoln's-inn, gentleman, for improvements in obtaining the colouring matter from wool, and woollens dyed with indigo. June 13; six months.

William Cotton, of Leytonstone, Essex, Esquire, for an improved weighing machine. June 13; two months.

Daniel Williams, of Oxford, Slater, for improvements in covering ridges and hips on the roofs of buildings. June 13; six months. Isaac Moss, of Macclesfield, Cheshire, silk trimming manufacturer for improvemants in the manufacture of covered buttons, ornaments and fastenings for wearing apparel. June 13; six months.

William Morrett Williams, of Bedford-place, Commercial-road, and of 163, Fenchurch-street, lock manufacturer, for certain improvements in the construction of locks and keys, which he proposes to call Williams' Lock and Key improved.» June 13; six months.

Henry Hough Watson, of Bolton-le-Moors, consulting chemist, for certain improvements in bleaching, changing the colour of, and otherwise preparing, purifying and refining tallow, and certain other organic substances, mixtures, compounds, and manufactures. June 21; six months.

Joseph Bunnett, of Deptford, Kent, engineer, for certain improvements in pavements, for streets, roads, and other surfaces, and in machinery for producing and repairing the same. June 21; six months.

and

John Dickson, of Brook-street, Holborn, engineer, for improvements in rotary engines, and boilers, in stopping railway carriages, in machinery for propelling vessels, part of which improvements are applicable to propelling air and gases. June 21; six months.

Frederick Gye, jun., of South Lambeth, gent., for improvements in binding pamphlets, paper and other documents. June 21; six

months.

Thomas Gaunt, of 10, Dalby Terrace, City Road, gent., for improvements in the means of applying any such power as is, or may be used for propelling vessels or carriages to produce locomotion thereof. June 21; six months.

Henry Bewley, of Dublin, licentiate apothecary and chemist, for an improved chalybeate water. June 23; six months.

PERMITTED TO BE PRINTED,

St. Petersburg, August 15th, 1842.

P. KORSAKOFF, CENSOR.

Printed at the Office of the Journal de St. Petersbourg.

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COLLIERS AND COLLIERIES.

I. Report of the Commissioners for Inquiring into the Condition of Children employed in Mines, &c., with two Appendices of Evidence. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. 32 vols. Folio. pp. 2022. London. 1842.

2. History of Fossil Fuel, the Coal-trade and Collieries, &c. London. 8vo. 1841. Second Edition.

3. Speech of Lord Ashley in the House of Commons on the 7th June, 1842, on moving for leave to bring in a Bill to make Regulations respecting the Age and Sex of Children and Young Persons employed in Mines and Collieries. London. 8vo. pp. 58.

On this our fair Earth, with its canopy of air and cincture. of waters, the prying mind of man observes a host of animated forms, which, with every apparent capacity for liberty and power of change, seem each in its kind to be tethered to its own region by invisible influences of such potency, that to transgress them is to die. A certain zone is allotted to each of the four-footed races- -a certain range and altitude to the bird -and a certain stratum of waters to the finny tribe; the surface and the caverns of the ocean have each their inhabitants, ever embraced by the same common element, yet ever remaining strangers to each other. Something of the same complexity and economy is visible in the ordering of that great

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moral universe, which is made visible here through the agency of man-who, whatever may be the capacity of the individual for intellectual advancement, has his brotherhood with his humbler companions of earth; and, like them, is chained to those regions where he can alone procure the conditions of physical existence. Practically, we always find, and have ever found, large sections of our race exhibiting grades and differences of action and suffering; so that we are compelled to acknowledge that that which is to sustain and perfect the social fabric, considered as a whole, is not one in form and shape-not found in one spot-but scattered over the earth— acquired by a variety of efforts under varying circumstances, but every where, and under all its varieties, taxing all the faculties of mind and body in the individual, that the great destinies of the race may be fulfilled.

Here, however, the parallel between the physical world and the social ceases. The author of both has ordained, in the former, that so long as each tribe of animals plays its appointed part, so essential to the great organism of nature, all its capacities for enjoyment shall be satisfied. To man alone he has intrusted the perilous duty of guarding his own happiness. Labour for sustenance is his lot, in common with all flesh; variety in the kind, and intensity in the degree of labour, is a necessary inheritance, on which the very existence of the social and moral system hinges. But whether or not he shall vindicate, in the midst of this, his nobler nature and destinies, depends greatly upon himself, and also in no small degree on the society in which his lot is cast.

Here, by three ponderous folios, we have disclosed to usin our own land, and within our own ken modes of existence, thoughts, feelings, actions, sufferings, virtues, and vices, which are as strange and as new as the wildest dreams of fiction. The earth seems now for the first time to have heaved from its entrails another race, to astonish and to move us to reflection and to sympathy.

Here we find tens of thousands of our countrymen living apart from the rest of the world — intermarrying — having habits, manners, and almost and almost a language, peculiar to them

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selves—the circumstances surrounding their existence stamping and moulding mind and body with gigantic power. The common accidents of daily life are literally multiplied to this race of men a hundred-fold; while they are subject to others which have no parallel on earth. It is not, then, a matter for wonder that their minds should borrow from the rocks and caverns they inhabit something of the awful power of darkness' of the other; and that their hearts and emotions should exhibit the fierceness of the elements amidst which they dwell.

It is mainly to Lord Ashley, who has headed this great movement for the moral improvement of the working classes, that we are indebted for these volumes, issued apparently for the purpose of letting the public know the true condition of the mining population, and so forcing, by the weight of opinion and individual cooperation, society at large to attempt an amelioration.

The legislature of past years has undoubtedly been to blame in taking no cognizance of such a state of things as is now exhibited. But are they blameless who employ these men, and reap the benefit of labours which have induced a premature old age in their service? Have they, with so much in their power, fulfilled their duties have they considered how to strengthen the connection of the master and the hireling by other ties than those of gain? Has our Church, clerical and lay, been diligent in civilising these rough natures? Have proprietors, enriched by the development of minerals, enabled the Church to increase her functionaries in proportion to the growth of new populations? These are questions which must be asked, and answered, before the burden of change is laid on a few, which should be borne by many. We feel that this benefit must be conferred by all; and the the state must be propped by the self-denial of the owner and the mild, untiring energies of the Church must be aided by the kindly influences of neighbourhood before it can be hoped that such a race as the miners can be brought to abandon their rooted prejudices and brutal indulgences. Living in the midst of dangers- and on that account supplied with higher wages, and with much leisure to spend

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