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the former must waste away. The spring and activity of the mind are checked and deranged by the diseases of the body. One jarring nerve, or one morbid sensitiveness of frame, brought on by early carelessness and inattention, though the cause of it may not, or rather will not be traced to its right source, may mar your joy and peace of mind even to the grave.

But to proceed to the answer of the questions proposed in our last. If exercise is of so much importance to literary men, what kind is recommended?

Exercises are either active or passive. The passive are, riding, sailing, swinging, &c. The active exercises are, leaping, dancing, running, boxing, &c. If, by carelessness, or any other cause, a student should be reduced to languor or sickness, he must not think to restore his strength by engaging immediately in the active exercises, but should begin with the passive exercises. He must begin by taking regular daily walks, or by riding, or sailing. A person who is weak should be very cautious how he exerts himself; his muscles have been relaxed by close application to study and by disease, and are unable to bear that degree of pressure on them which can be borne by stronger men. It is for this reason, that when a man has been reduced by some wasting disease, the experienced physician will often advise him to take a voyage. Now it is not, as some suppose, the seasickness only, or chiefly, which may occasion the restoration of the invalid; for this sickness may be produced in as violent a manner by an emetic taken at home. But it is exercise, the

passive exercise imparted by the motion of the vessel, which restores vigor to the system, strength to the limbs, health to the body, and activity to the mind.

The student should be particularly careful that he does not exercise too freely when he finds himself becoming sick. This is but too commonly the case with the student. He has been accustomed to pride himself on his constitution, and when his friends have warned him, and advised him to use exercise, he has been accustomed to neglect the warning, and despise the instruction. But so soon as the fatal consequences of his neglect begin to show themselves in the decay of his health, he is alarmed, disappointed, and filled with chagrin ;-he bethinks himself, all at once, to attend to the advice of his friends, and straightway he comes to exercise in so violent a manner, that he soon weakens and exhausts his whole frame; and he is unfit and unable to use any exercise, even that of walking, for a fortnight afterwards, and now concludes that his frame cannot bear exercise. But the fact is plainly this,

this man has ruined himself by his own indiscreet violence.Since a student leads a sedentary life, it is necessary when he begins to exercise that he should do it at first moderately. This moderate exercise should be gradually increased, till at length the performer can bear the most vioÎent without injury, though they should be quite fatiguing.

The following may be recom. mended as a general rule of exercise to literary men, and to all men of sedentary habits, when beginning to exercise. With respect to duration, let the exercise

be continued to a beginning of weariness. If it be continued after this, the muscles will become sore, and unfit for use for some time afterwards. With strong persons, who have been accustomed to exercise, this soreness does no injury; but we are at present speaking more particularly with reference to literary men who have been unused to exercise, and whose muscles from long neglect and inactivity have become weak. With such it is dangerous to exercise at first so powerfully as to make the muscles sore.

Because a man feels already strong and vigorous, let him not think, as was before observed, that he needs no exercise. He needs it much more than the sick man. A literary man, one who has, as it were, accustomed his muscles to relaxation, should of all others be alarmed if he finds he has no inclination to exercise. Disinclination to any exertion of the limbs is one most alarming symptom of dyspepsia. Such a

man should by degrees engage vigorously in the most active exercises. Walking is too sluggish, and does not give sufficient exercise to the limbs. In order that exercise should be beneficial, it is necessary that all the principal muscles in the body should be brought into action. For if one set of muscles only are exercised, they, it is true, will grow strong and large, but the rest will retain their former weakness,--and this is a great disadvantage. Better take no exercise at all, than to exercise one part of the body constantly, and neglect the other parts. Where can you find a more sickly set of men, in general, than tailors? And the cause evidently is, because, in the first

place, they use but very little exercise, and, in the second place, which I consider to be the principal cause, one part of their body receives a portion of exercise, namely, the arms and chest from the drawing of the needle, while the legs receive scarcely any. And this is the reason why the legs of tailors are proverbially small and slender.

To avoid the sufferings to which literary men are liable, it is necessary that they should use some exercise which will bring into action the legs, arms, chest, back, abdomen, &c. Now, there is no one exercise which can accomplish this, and it must be done by a combination of exercises. But where is this combination of exercises to be found? Where can you find exercises suited to bring into action all the variety of muscles and organs in the human body, from the smallest to the largest? Where can you find a set of exercises that are fitted as well for the weak as the strong, -for the invalid, as for the man of health,-for the young, as for the old? I answer,-IN A GYMNASIUM. SALUS.

DISEASES OF CHILDREN.

Inflammation within the Ear.Children, after they are six months old, sometimes cry violently, and toss their heads from side to side, expressing thereby the greatest agony. Not being able to point out the seat of pain, it is variously located by the parent or by the practitioner. It will sometimes stop crying very suddenly, and fall into a sound sleep, from which it will be roused by renewed torture. This pain is not generally attended by any disturbance of the system; fever seldom attends. It is gene

rally mistaken for colic or bellyache.

It may, however, readily be distinguished from this affection, by its not being accompanied by drawing up of the legs and thighs; by rumbling in the bowels; and by the hands and feet not being cold, or the pain relieved by remedies addressed to these parts. I always suspect this pain to arise from an abscess forming in the ear, when the child throws its head backward and forward, and indeed in all directions, during the paroxysm of pain; when it is found to lie on one side easier than the other; when laudanum procures but temporary relief; and when on pressing the ear with the point of the finger placed externally against the lower portion, it complains; and above all, when the abscess can be discovered by looking into the ear; this, however, but seldora happens. I have witnessed this affection so frequently, and have been so often alarmed by it, that I always apply remedies to the ears, when I have satisfied myself that the pain is not in the bowels, by the absence of the symptoms noticed above, nor in the head itself, by the absence of all fever, or derangement of the

stomach.

When I suspect the ear to be in fault, and have been called to the child in the commencement of pain, I almost invariably order a few leeches to be applied under the affected ear. I also direct a little laudanum on lint, to be gently introduced into the ear, as occasion may require. Should it fail to afford relief, I advise a blister to be applied under the ear, and an active dose of jalap and cream of tartar to be administered.

This plan sometimes succeeds to admiration; and I believe it would

oftener do so, were the remedies
applied sufficiently early; but un-
fortunately, the time for useful ex-
ertion is almost always lost, by a
trial of temporising applications;
and I have but too often the morti-
fication to witness only the dis-
charge from the ear. When the
ear discharges, the patient is im-
mediately relieved; it falls into a
sound sleep, and forgets all its suf-
ferings, till again it is obliged to
go throngh the process a second,
and even a third time, in the pe-
riod of two or three months.

Sometimes the abscess heals
without the smallest trouble, leav-
ing the ear free from discharge in
the course of a few days; but at
other times, the subsequent mis-
chief in the inner cavity of the ear
is serious and permanent. The
small bones of the ear become de-
tached by suppuration, and are dis-
charged with the pus which con-
stantly flows from the external ori-
fice of this organ. The discharge
generally becomes very offensive,
both from the matter being con-
fined, as well as from the caries
under which the bones are laboring.
When caries takes place, the casc
is almost hopeless, and must in a
great measure be abandoned to na-
ture, only paying attention to clean-
liness.

It is a matter of primary importance to keep the parts clean, by frequently washing out the canal, first with a weak solution of soap in water, a little warmed, followed by equal parts of lime water and milk, and a small portion of the tincture of myrrh. My usual prescription for this purpose is as follows:-Take of Lime Water and Milk, of each two teaspoonfuls; Tincture of Myrrh, twenty drops; Tincture of Opium, ten drops. Mix.

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This mixture should be prepared only as it may be wanted, and gently thrown into the ear four or five times a day, by means of a syringe, when the child is lying on the opposite side. At night the child should lie on the affected side, that the matter may escape.

This discharge from the ear is always attended by dulness of hearing; on this account, it is desirable that it should be relieved as quick ly as possible, lest its continuance should do irreparable mischief to this organ. The mixture of lime water and milk, when no serious injury has been done to the bones of the ear, will, if properly persisted in, very often succeed; and I am informed by a late writer on this affection, that a weak solution of the nitrate of silver is a most valuable application, after ulceration has taken place.

I think I have seen advantage from the plaster of Burgundy pitch, or shoemaker's wax, applied under the affected ear; and I once witnessed a case of long standing, yield to an issue in the arm of the side affected, which was kept discharging for a year; it was then suffered to heal, which it did without any subsequent disadvantage.

After ulceration has taken place, we have used the following injection with great success :-Take of Docoction of Quince Seed, six ounces; Oxymel of Acetate of Copper, four drachms; Laudanum, one drachm. Mix.-Gaz. of Health.

A Portrait of GEORGE BIRKBECK, M.D. F.G.S. M.A.S., President of the London Mechanics' Institution, and of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. London, 1827. Dr. BIRKBECK belongs to a class of worthies who seem born for

others rather than themselves. Though time, the destroyer of ali things, should lay the Mechanics' Institution in the dust, the impulse which has been communicated to the sciences will be felt by distant ages, and perpetuate the genius, and the philanthropy of its founder. Not satisfied with contributing munificently to the funds of the Institute, he has labored incessantly in the lectureroom; taught the laws of mechanical philosophy to thousands, who but for him could have never hoped to attain them,-more than all, by his example, which has been followed in most large towns in the kingdom, he has elicited a spirit of emulation and inquiry, which cannot fail to be of lasting service to science, and the nation at large. The plan which we lately submitted to our readers, of giving popular demonstrations on anatomy, is about to be reduced to practice by this real friend of the human race, and will assuredly dissipate the prejudices which at present exist against the most useful, interesting, and humane of the sciences, without which there is no certainty in physic. Dr. Birkbeck has deserved well of his country, and it therefore gives us great pleasure to state, that his likeness is very cleverly delineated in the engraving before us, which, though his name will never die from the lips of mechanics, will give a forcible idea of the man, ornamenting alike the room of the artizan, and the cabinets of the philosopher, and friend of science. No one who has seen the Doctor, could fail to recognize the fidelity of the copy. The face is richly intellectual; and, indeed, the whole contour of the picture is highly creditable to the

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In a paper lately read to the Academy of Medicine, Dr. Brouillard stated the fact that poisons even of the most active class do not produce death, till they have been absorbed into the system; and hence he argues, that by preventing absorption, you obviate the mischief. Dr. Barry applied the cuppingglass to poisoned wounds, and by hindering the circulation of the poison, prevented those phenomena from taking place, which would necessarily occur if absorption had been suffered to go on. Dr. Brouillard was induced to make some experiments, which were attended with complete success. He laid hare a portion of the cellular substance of a rabbit's thigh, and introduced therein three grains of strichnia; he then tied a ligature above the wounded part. Twentyone minutes elapsed before the animal appeared to be affected by the poison; but, at the end of this time, it was convulsed, and sent forth strong cries. Dr. Brouillard strongly compressed the wound with his hand, and the symptoms ceased; nor did they return for 25 minutes, during which the compression was continued. In six minutes after the ligature and hand were removed, the convulsions were renewed. The doctor then alternately applied and removed the ligature, and each operation was attended exactly with the same results as

before, respectively. The experiment was repeated in five instances with strichnia, and in two with prussic acid; and in one case, the doctor, by means of compression on the wound, kept the animal alive for nine hours. He lastly inserted a portion of the above poisons in animals of the same species, and in all cases the consequence was the immediate extinction of life.-Ib.

CANCER IN THE NOSE.

T. S., aged 40, was admitted into the Hospital of Surgery, Panton Square, London, with two ulcers occupying the right and left sides of the nose. These ulcers covered both alæ, and extended to a considerable distance over each cheek. They had all the characters of true cancer, having irregular very hard jagged edges, and a polished surface, the adjacent integuments hard and thickened; there was also a copious discharge of thin ichor, accompanied by a fetid smell. He complains of extreme itchiness in the sore; that on the left being the largest, and at the lower part nearly coalescing with the one on the opposite side.

The patient stated, that about four years ago a pimple formed on the left cheek, and after scratching the part, the pimple was frequently removed. One year after the commencement of this affection on the cheek, the patient became anasarcous in the lower extremities, but by the use of remedies he recovered.

About the same time the sore extended, and has been extending ever since.

He states, that previous to the appearance of the pimple, as well as since, he has had his' nose several times severely bruised, by falling on his face while in a

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