ing on the want of attention to the preservation of the red deer, in consequence of the decline of the hunt, equally operates against the heath fowl, and will probably lead to the latter becoming ultimately as scarce as the bustard.

The stock-dove is often seen in large flocks in the woods in winter. The rock-dove also occurs in flocks, sometimes, in winter, associating with the tame pigeons. In the breeding season, they are mostly found on the north coast, which is more mountainous and secluded than the south; and the sea cliffs where they build are more precipitous, and afford greater facility for nesting: but Lundy Island is the chief resort of this bird at that period.

Gen. Pi'cus.

ORDER III. SCANSO`RES.

1. Pìcus víridis, Green woodpecker. Common all the year.
2. Picus major, Greater spotted woodpecker. Frequent.

3. Picus minor, Lesser spotted woodpecker. Not so common as the last. Specimens in my collection; also at Drew's and Bolitho's. Gen. YU'NX.

1. Yúnx Torquilla, Wryneck. Rather scarce near Plymouth; more plentiful near Dawlish, where they breed, as I am informed by Mr. Comyns of Mount Pleasant, who has specimens.

Gen. Cu cULus.

1. Cuculus canòrus, Cuckoo. Common, from April to July.

Gen. TETRAO.

ORDER IV. GALLINÆ.

1. Tétrao Tètrix, Black grouse. This is the only Devonshire species of grouse. They were formerly abundant on the borders of Dartmoor and Exmoor; but the increase of population and cultivation has diminished their range. Specimens are still, however, often procured. I have purchased both the male and female in Plymouth market; Sir G. Magrath, Drew, and Pincombe have specimens.

Montagu states that Lord Caernarvon endeavoured to produce, but unsuccessfully, hybrids between the heath grouse and pheasant that such, however, does occur, is verified by the fact that, in September, 1829, one of this kind was shot at Whidey, near Plymouth, by the Rev. Mr. Morshead. A male pheasant, female grouse, and one young, had been observed in company for some time by the keeper. Mr. Morshead shot the pheasant, and, in a few days, the young hybrid; but the grouse escaped. The young bird bears the marks of both parents, but the most prominent characters are those of the grouse. The space above the eye, however, is not bare, as in the grouse, but entirely feathered, as in the pheasant; the whole of the neck is covered with black feathers, somewhat mottled; the tail is not forked, but fan-shaped, and half as long as that of the pheasant; the tarsi are bare, as in the

pheasant; the colour is generally, except the neck, that of the pheasant; but it has the white spot on the shoulders, as in the grouse. This bird was sent to Mr. Drew for preparation, where I saw it; and is now, I believe, in the possession of Captain Morshead.

Gen. PE'RDIX.

Subgen. 1. Pérdix.

1. Pérdix cinèrea, Common partridge. Subgen. 2. Coturnix.

1. Coturnix vulgaris, Common quail. Not very abundant: generally obtained in October; but I bought one in Plymouth market in January, 1830; and two were obtained in Devonport market in January, 1831, of which one, a male, 'has the black crescent on the throat, and is now in Pincombe's collection.

Gen. COLU'MBA.

1. Colúmba Palúmbus, Ring-dove. Common.

2. Colúmba Œ`nas, Stock-dove. Rare: appears sometimes in flocks in winter.

3. Colúmba Lívia, Rock-dove. Rare. Mr. T. E. Gosling, late of Leigham, informs me that it is found wild on the south coast of Devon; and Polwhele (History of Devonshire) states that they are found on the north coast, near Combe Martin and Lundy Island. Subgen. 1. Túrtur.

1. Túrtur vulgàris, Turtle-dove. Rather unfrequent here; but more numerous on the woody borders of the moors. Specimens are in Mr. R. Julian's, Mr. Comyns's, and Mr. Drew's collections. Mr. Julian's specimen was shot by himself, in the lawn of his residence at Estover, near Plymouth.

Plymouth, March, 1837.

(To be continued.)

ART. III. Examples of Natural Phenomena observed in 1833, and registered. By the Rev. W. B. CLARKE, A.M. F.L.S., &c.

THE following observations are in part original, and in part collected from various authentic documents to which I have had access. They are not, however, presented to the public as a perfect calendar of natural phenomena for the year 1833, but as a contribution towards one; and, though imperfect as to the whole of the physical occurrences of that year, they may be received as useful memoranda of its character, as well as illustrations of the opinions adverted to in my former papers on "The Connexion between atmospheric and terrestrial Phenomena," contained in Vols. VI., VII., and VIII. of the 1st series of this work, and which it is my intention to resume, after I shall have published a similar calendarium for the years 1834, 1835, and 1836. The difficulty of presenting these phenomena in a tabular form, in the small pages of a work like the present, has compelled me to give the months and days consecutively, with their separate occurrences, in the order of an almanack. Could I have made a better arrangement, the con

nexion of phenomena would have been more closely traced: as it is not difficult to see, in some few of the examples thus brought together, a contemporaneousness which is very remarkable. A portion of them have been embodied in the papers before mentioned; but they are here necessarily reincorporated. If accurate observations were made, and all occurrences that fall in the way of observers recorded, extensive data might be so established for the developement of a general theory, such as that I have endeavoured to maintain in previous publications. In the calendars for the last four years there are so many extraordinary coincidences, that I am fully impressed that my hypothesis is a correct one; and it is impossible to consider the strange vicissitudes of the seasons during the present year, compared with years of similar character long ago, and not be convinced that, as to the sun, and moon, and stars, so there is to the earth, a cycle of recurring phenomena, all pointing to a general law, regulating the internal movements of the terrestrial sphere, and its circumambient atmosphere. Stanley Green, April 11. 1837.

1833. January 4, 5, 6. Earthquakes in South Wales, Ireland, and England.* 13. Earthquake in Sweden. — 18. Arica destroyed by an earthquake. (Sea rose 30 ft.)

N.B. The weather, during this and the preceding and succeeding months, particularly mild in the arctic regions. (Teste Capt. Ross.) There was a violent tornado at Suspendersville, in Georgia, uprooting pines, oaks, &c.

February 2. Cholera and drought at Madras. 8. Earthquakes at St. Kitts, Nevis, &c., continued till April. - 19. Earthquake in lat. 22° N. 79° w. long. Hurricane in lat. 22° s. 79° E. long.-20. Italian poplars at Morlieux, oozing black gum, and dying, as during the cholera in 1832. (Annales de la Soc. d'Horticulture.)

March 7. Ice floatings in the Atlantic. Tide, this day, ebbed and flowed at Cape La Hogue and Cherbourg, so as to leave the wrecked ships of the great battle of 1692 for the first time dry.-27. Earthquakes in the West Indies generally.-31. Earthquake at Horsham, Sussex.

N. B. Locusts this month in France. there before, destroying the corn in Spain.

Insects, unknown

April 1. Drought in Buenos Ayres, continued from January: 2,000,000 head of cattle lost from the effects of it. Drought at Manilla. The water in the river there suddenly decreased,

*Whenever no locality is assigned, it is to be understood that the -writer's residence in Dorsetshire is intended.

and became discoloured, unpleasant, and useless; occasioned, as supposed by the natives, by a volcanic eruption in the interior: pestilence feared in consequence. (Canton Reg.) Drought at Cape of Good Hope, continued from August, 1832. Influenza in Turkey, Egypt, Syria, &c.-4. Earthquake at Vicenza. 10. Rain fell slightly (in midst of longcontinued drought) in Bengal.-12. to 19. Frosts in England.

-

14. Dreadful hail storms in Lancashire. 17. Hurricane in lat. 28° s., long. 52° E.-25. Earthquake (10A.M.) at Juasco, Coquimbo, and Copiapo, South America.

N. B. At the end of the month (date not precisely known), earthquake at George Town, Demerara, probably connected with that of 25th. At the end of the month, also, rain began to fall at Sydney, New South Wales.

May 2. Drought in Prussia. Earthquake in Trinidad. 3. Sudden and violent thaw in Lake Ladoga.-10. to 14. Ships entangled in ice in the Atlantic. 17. Brilliant aurora disturbing the needle in Pennsylvania.-21. Hurricane at Calcutta from N. E., destroying thousands of lives, and vast quantities of produce. Same day, hurricane at New Orleans, from N. W. (See 19th Feb.)

N. B. Throughout this month, drought in England, Holland, &c. During this month (date not known), hurricane in Nova Zembla, for three days, from the north; on the evidence of Lieut. Pachtussoff, Russian navy.

June 6. Rain in Jamaica, very heavy. 11, 12. Hurricane all over England, France, &c. Graham Island in eruption. Cholera in Mexico. - Up to 12th. Heavy rains and N.E. winds in Bengal, commenced April 10.-19. Earthquake at St. Kitts. Up to 25. Cholera in New Orleans and United States: mortality 80 per diem.

July 1. Unusual hail storms, ruining crops, &c., in the province of Liège. 2. Rains commenced in Hungary, lasting thirty-seven days.-4. Aerolites with hail fell in Russia. 10. Aurora affecting the needle, accompanied by change of wind and dryness of the air in Philadelphia, as on May 17. 12, 13. Graham Island again above the sea.-13. Earthquake in Staffordshire, Notts, &c. 14. Thunder storms of a frightful character in the sphere of action of the earthquake of the 13th.-15. Epidemic in London. - 17. Cholera at Deptford and Sunderland.-21. Influenza at Portsoy, affecting cattle as well as man. Meteor (9 P. M., moon setting) from to E. to w. Aurora in the north; cloudy to south. (Parkstone, Dorset.)-22. Rain from south all day, with wind, consequence of aurora of 21st. 23. Cholera in London. -25. Slight fall of rain at Madras, in the midst of drought.

Great snow storm at Madeira, New South Wales. - 1. to 25. Dreadful rains and floods in China; crops ruined; 10,000 lives lost; trade suspended.-27. Earthquake at Washington, North America. 1. to 31. Cholera at Tampico, and in New Spain. Drought in Sicily. Epidemic amongst cows in France, as at Portsoy. (See 21st.)

N. B. In the latter part of this month, Galway infested with mice, doing great damage.

August 1. Floods continued in China. 3. Gale off Cuttack. 4. Rains and furious gales off Cape of Good Hope till September. Meteor seen in Hungary. Snow on the Alps. 8. Rains in Hungary moderated. (See July 2.) -10. Falling stars and meteors in Worcestershire (10. to 12 P.M.) -11. Snow at Rottenberg. Great cold, about this time, in Spain.-12. Cholera at Limerick.-13. Vesuvius in eruption. 14.Hurricane in Lancaster Sound (Ross), Prince Edward's Island, Quebec, and Bermuda. — 14, 15. Hurricane at Antigua. 17. Hurricane at Guadaloupe. Up to 18. Drought

23.

at Odessa. (No snow there in 1832, 1833.)-20. Hurricane in lat. 35° s., 21° E. long.; and off coast of Finland. Earthquake at Hulst and in the Axel.-25. Tremendous storm at Sydney, New South Wales.-26. to 31. Earthquakes in India.-27. Earthquakes in Maryland, Virginia, &c., doing great damage. Rains in India very great: lasted twenty days. Epidemic in Sicily. - 29. Cholera at Lucknow, Patna, Cawnpore, Banda, Tuttipore: 700 deaths per diem. Drought there, and no rain. Aerolites, meteors, lightning at Candahar. -30. Drought and yellow fever at New Orleans. 30, 31. Hurricane all over England, France, &c.

N. B. End of month. Earthquake in Jamaica during the month. Cholera in Russia, Holland, Belgium. Cholera, drought, and famine in Madras territory. Cholera at New York. Drought in South Russia. Drought in Sicily. Drought at Berbice: only half coffee crop. Drought in Demerara: heat so great, that the bush caught fire. Great floods in New South Wales. Great sickness in Bengal: 300 deaths per diem. Vintage in France and on the Rhine better than since 1811: no average crop in Hungary, owing to the check in July and August.

September 1. Rain fell in the midst of drought at Antigua. -1 to 11. Ten shocks of earthquake at Khatmandhu, North India. 3. Snow fell at Macon, France.-4. Drought in Egypt. Nile not yet risen. - 6. Snow at Dijon. Partial rains at Ahmedabad. 14. Hurricane, 45° N., 17° w. Great irruption of bears in Paul's Bay, Canada, driven thither by hunger. Up to 14th. Cholera in Mexico and Vera Cruz.