I'm glad at soul I have no other child For thy escape would teach me tyranny, To hang clogs on them. Id. Some solitary cloister will I choose, And there with holy virgins live immured. Dryden. His majesty's ships were over-pestered, and clogged the loister, to perform those acts of devotion. with great ordnance, whereof there is superfluity. How could he have the leisure and retiredness of Raleigh I did but prompt the age to quit their clogs, By the known rules of ancient liberty. Milton's Paradise Regained. As a dog committed close For some offence, by chance breaks loose, And quits his clog, but all in vain, He still draws after him his chain. By additaments of some such nature, some grosser and cloggy parts are retained; or else much subtilized and otherwise altered. Boyle's History of Firmness. In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort, throughout all that kingdom, makes use of wooden clogs. Harvey on Consumptions. Hudibras. Gums and pomatums shall his flight restrain, While clogged he beats his silken wings in vain. Pope. CLOGHER, a city and bishop's see of Ireland, in the county of Tyrone, and province of Ulster. In a very early age an abbey of regular canons, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was founded here. St. Patrick is said to have presided over the church of Clogher; and, having appointed his successor, he resigned this government, and went to Armagh, where he founded his celebrated abbey. On the 20th of April, 1396, a dreadful fire burnt to the ground the church, the two chapels, the abbey, the court of the bishops, and thirty-two other buildings. In 1610 king James I. annexed this abbey and its revenues to the see of Clogher. Clogher is seventy miles from Dublin, and twenty west of Armagh. CLOISTER, n. s. & v. a. Scloster; Welsh, clás; Sax. claurten; Germ. CLOISTERED, part. adj. French, cloistre; Lat. claus-trum. A religious retirement; a monastery; anunnery. A peristyle; a piazza. To shut up in a religious house; to confine; to immure; to shut up from the world. Yeve me than of thy gold to make our cloistre ; Atterbury. The Greeks and Romans had commonly two cloistered open courts, one serving for the women's side, and the other r the men. Wotton's Architect. CLOISTER, in a more restrained sense, is used for the principal part of a regular monastery, consisting of a square, built around; ordinarily between the church, the chapter-house, and the refectory; and over which is the dormitory. The cloisters served for several purposes in the ancient monasteries. Peter of Blois observes, that it was here the monks held their lectures: the lecture of morality at the north side, next the church; the school on the west, and the chapter on the east ; spiritual meditation, &c., being reserved for the church. Lanfranc says, that the proper use of the cloister was for the monks to meet in, and converse together, at certain hours of the day. The form of the cloister was square; and it had its name claustrum from claudo, to close; as being enclosed on its four sides with buildings. Hence, in architecture, a building is still said to be in form of a cloister when there are buildings on each of the four sides of the court. CLOISTRESS, n. s. from cloister. A nun; The sonne, Shakspeare. he said, is clomben upon heven Spenser, CLONAKILTY, a sea-port town in the county of Cork, Ireland, situated in a bay of this name. It is built in the form of a cross; the church, a plain structure, standing on an eminence. The bay is not convenient, and, indeed hardly safe. It is twenty miles south-west of Cork, and has a good market for yarn. CLONES, a town in the county of Monaghan, Ireland. Here was formerly the abbey of St. Tegernach, of royal blood, who removed to this place the episcopal seat of Clogher. In 1207 the town and abbey were destroyed by Hugh de Lacie; but five years afterwards they were rebuilt. In 1504 the bishopric was restored. It is ten miles south-west of Monaghan. CLONFERT, a city or village of Ireland, in the county of Galway. An abbey was erected here in the year 553; the church was also a cathedral at that time, and constituted a bishop's see. During the middle ages the abbey and town were frequently plundered by the leaders of factions, as well as by the Danes. It is thirty-six miles east of Galway. CLONMELL, a borough in Ireland, in the county of Tipperary, situated on the river Suir. It is the assize town, has a barrack for two troops of horse, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, bailiffs, and town clerk; sending one member to parliament. The Suir is navigable from this town to Carrick and Waterford; and some trade is carried on in the woollen branch, particularly by the quakers, who are very numerous in this neighbourhood. There is a spring here of Spa water, that issues out of the side of a rising ground, which, however, is overlooked by a pretty steep hill, on that side of the Suir which is in the county of Waterford. In this town the celebrated Laurence Sterne was born. It consists of four cross streets, and has a spacious bridge of twenty arches over the Suir; the markethouse is strong and well built; and there is a charter-school for children. A Dominican friary was founded at Clonmell in 1269, when Otho de Grandison also erected a Franciscan friary, the church of which was esteemed one of the most magnificent in Ireland. This town is very ancient, being built before the Danish invasion: it was formerly defended by a square wall. Oliver Cromwell, who found more resistance from this place than any other in the kingdom, demolished the castles and fortifications, of which now only the ruins remain. The Gothic church is still kept in good repair. Clonmell is nineteen miles south-east of Tipperary, and twenty-two W.N.W. of Waterford. To CLOOM, v. a. corrupted from cleam. Sax. cleman, which is still used in some provinces. To close or shut with glutinous or viscous mat clausus. Any thing shut, as an enclosed field; also a termination, or that which shuts or encloses; a coming together; consolidation; a shutting up. The adjective conveys all the shades of meaning applicable to the other derivatives, we shall therefore furnish the definitions and illustrations of this, in addition to a few that establish the primary sense, as abundantly sufficient to explain both the literal and metaphorical applications of the entire word. Certes I have now lived too long, Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. But through the verger he hath sought I have a tree, which grows here in my close, Id. Shakspeare. Beattie. Sweet as the downy-pinioned gale that roves, To gather fragrance in Arabian groves; Mild as the melodies at close of day, That heard remote along the vale decay. In vain she seeks to close her weary eyes, Those eyes still swim incessantly in tears, Hope in her cheerless bosom fading dies, Distracted by a thousand cruel fears, While banished from his love for ever she appears. Mrs. Tighes' Psyche. Close to the glimmering gate he dragged his chain, And hoped that peril might not prove in vain. Byron. What deep wounds ever closed without a scar, The hearts bleed longest, and but heal to wear That which disfigures it; and they who war, With their own hopes, and have been vanquished, bear The adjective is thus exhibited by Johnson. We have supplied a few illustrations. Shut fast, so as to leave no part open; as, a close box, a close house. We suppose this bag to be tied close about, towards the window. Wilkins. Having no vent; without inlet; secret; private; not to be seen through. Nor could his acts too close a vizard wear, To escape their eyes whom guilt had taught to fear. Dryden, Confined; stagnant; without ventilation. If the rooms be low roofed, or full of windows and doors, the one maketh the air close, and not fresh; and the other maketh it exceedingly unequal. Bacon's Natural History. Compact; solid; dense; without interstices or vacuities. The inward substance of the earth is of itself an uniform mass, close and compact. Burnet's Theory. The golden globe being put into a press, which was driven by the extreme force of screws, the water made itself way through the pores of that very close metal. Locke. Viscous; glutinous; not volatile. This oil, which nourishes the lamp, is supposed of so close and tenacious a substance, that it may slowly evaporate. Wilkins Concise; brief; compressed; without exuberance or digression. in the same compass. You lay your thoughts so close together, that were they closer they would be crowded, and even a due connection would be wanting. Dryden's Juvenal. Where the original is close, no version can reach it Dryden. Read these instructive leaves, in which conspire Fresnoy's close art, and Dryden's native fire. Pope. Joined without any intervening distance or space, whether of time or place. But yot the cause and root of all his ill, Spenser. Admitting small distance. Goldsmith. Short crooked swords in closer fight they wear. Dryaen. Undiscovered; without any token by which one may be found. Close observe him for the sake of mockery. Close, in the name of jesting! like you there. Shakspeare. Hidden; secret; not revealed. A close intent at last to shew me grace. Spenser. ne spagyrists, that keep their best things close, wi lo more to vindicate their art, or oppose antagonists, than to gratify the curious or benefit mankind. Boyle. Having the quality of secrecy; trusty. Constant you are, their But yet a woman; and for secresy, No lady closer. Shakspeare. Having an appearance of concealment; cloudy; sly. That close aspect of his Does show the mood of a much-troubled breast. Shakspeare. Without wandering; without deviation; attentive.. I discovered no way to keep our thoughts close to their business, but by frequent attention, getting the habit of attention. Full to the point; home. Locke. Retired; solitary. He kept himself close because of Saul. Chronicles. Secluded from communication; as, a close prisoner. Applied to the weather, dark; cloudy; not clear. Applied to the mind, it signifies, to be reserved, impenetrable, covetous. The verb is sometimes used with an addition, as to close upon; to agree upon, to join in. The jealousy of such a design in us would induce France and Holland to close upon some measures between them to our disadvantage. Temple. To close with; to close in with. To come to an agreement with; to comply with; to unite with. Intire cowardice makes thee wrong this virtuous gentlewoman, to close with us. Shakspeare. Henry IV. He took the time when Richard was deposed, And high and low with happy Harry closed. Dryden. Pride is so unsociable a vice, that there is no closCollier on Friendship. ing with it. This spirit, poured upon iron, lets go the water; the acid siprit is more attracted by the fixed body; and lets go the water to close with the fixed body. Newton's Opticks. Such a proof as would have been closed with certainly at the first, shall be set aside easily afterwards. Atterbury. These governours bent all their thoughts and applications to close in with the people, now the stronger Swift. party. If any clergy shall appear in any close-bodied coat, they shall be suspended. Aylyffe's Perergon. Covetous. CLOSE-HANDED, adj. Galba was very close-handed. I have not read much of his liberalities. Arbuthnot on Coins. CLOSE-HAULED, in navigation, the general arrangement or trim of a ship's sails when she erdeavours to make progress, in the nearest direction possible, towards that point of the compass from which the wind blows. In this manner of sailing, the keel commonly makes an angle of six points with the line of the wind; but sloops and some other small vessels are said to sail almost a point nearer. All vessels, however, are supposed to make nearly a point of lee way when closehauled, even when they have the advantage of a good sailing breeze and smooth water. The angle of lee way, however, increases in proportion to the increase of the wind and sea. In this disposition of the sails, they are all extended sideways on the ship, so that the wind, as it crosses the ship obliquely toward the stern from forwards, may fill their cavities. But, as the current of winds also enters the sails in an oblique direction, the effort of it to make the ship advance is considerably diminished: she will therefore make the least progress when sailing in this manner. The ship is said to be close-hauled, because at this time her tacks, or lower corners of the principal sails, are drawn close down to her side to windward, the sheets hauled close aft, and all the bow lines drawn to their greatest extension to keep the sails steady. CLOSE-PENT, adj. rent. Shut close; without Then in some close-pent room it crept along, And smouldering as it went, in silence fed. Dryden. CLOSE QUARTERS, strong barriers of wood stretching across a merchant ship in several places; used as a place of retreat when a ship is boarded by her adversary; they are therefore fitted with loop-holes, through which to fire the small arms; they are likewise furnished with caissons, or powder-chests, fixed upon the deck, and filled with powder, old nails, &c., which may be fired at any time from the close quarters, upon the boarders. CLOSE-STOOL, n. s. close and stool. A chamber implement. A pestle for his truncheon, led the van; And his high helmet was a close-stool pan. Garth. CLOSET, n. s. & v. a. from close. A small room of privacy and retirement; a private repository of curiosities and valuable things. To shut up, or conceal, in a closet; to take into a closet for a secret interview. Herbert. So where the neatest badger most abides; He knew the seat of paradise, Hudibras. He should have made himself a key, wherewith to open the closet of Minerva, where those fair treasures are to be found in all abundance. Dryden's Dufresnoy. He furnishes her closet first, and fills The crowded shelves with rarities of shells. Dryden's Fables. CLOSTER SEVEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Bremen, memorable for a convention entered into by the duke of Cumberland and the duke of Richelieu, commander of the French armies in 1758, by which 38,000 Hanoverians laid down their arms, and were dispersed. It is nineteen miles south of Stade, and twenty-four N. N. E. of Bremen. CLOSURE, n. s. from close. The act of shutting up. The chink was carefully closed up: upon which closure there appeared not any change. Boyle's Spring of the Air. That by which any thing is closed or shut. without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever. I admire your sending your last to me quite open, Pope to Swift. The parts enclosing; enclosure. Conclusion; end. Not in use. Id. Fr. caillet; from Lat. coagulatum. Probably, at first, the same with Conclod, but now applied to different uses. clods, to hang together, to concrete, to coagulate; cretion; coagulation; grume. To form clots or as clotted cream; clotted blood. Johnson says to become gross, but gives no proof or illus tration. The clotered blood, for any leche-craft, Corrumpeth, and in his bouke ylaft,That neyther veine-blood, ne ventousing, Ne drinke of herbes, may ben his helping. Chaucer. The white of an egg, with spirit of wine, doth bake the egg into clots, as if it began to poch. Bacon. The opening itself was stopt with a clot of grumous blood. Wiseman's Surger He dragged the trembling sire, Sliddering thro' clottered blood and holy mire. Dryden's Æneid. Where land is clotty, and a shower of rain soaks through, you may make use of a rool to break it. Huge unwiedly bones, lasting remains Mortimer. Philips CLOTAIRE I., king of France, was the son of Clovis and Clotilda. He began to reign in 511, and died at Compiegne in 561, aged fortyfour. See FRANCE, HISTORY OF. CLOTAIRE II., son and successor of Chilperic I. His father dying in his infancy, his mother maintained the kingdom for him, with great spirit and success, against the efforts of Childebert. After her death Theodebert and Thiuri defeated him; but he afterwards re-united the different kingdoms of France under himself. He died in 628. CLOTAIRE, III. king of Burgundy, after the death of Clovis II. his father, who left him a minor. His mother Batilda, governed during his minority with great wisdom." He died in 670. 40 CLOTH, n. s. CLOTH, WOOLLEN. Ang.-Sax. clad, cl th. That which is woven, and now applied to any woven texture of whatever substance. The singular is applied to CLOTH-WORKER, n. s. J denominate the article as it comes out of the hands of the manufacturer. The plural is usually applied to the same article made into garments; and to garments in general: hence to whatever is used for covering and protection from outward injuries and unsightly nakedness. The different agents whose cognomen we have given are employed in the primary process of manufacturing and preparing the material; but not in the after process of forming it into apparel. To clothe is to invest, to adorn with dress, to furnish, provide with clothes, to cover. Better it is to cast away thin here, The third had of their wardrobe custody, fle with him brought Preyne, rich arrayed In Claribellae's clothes. Spenser. Id. Take up these clothes here quickly; carry them to the laundress in Datchet mead. Shakspeare I answer you right painted cloth, from whence you have studied your questions. Id. Who fears a sentence, or an old man's saw, The clothiers all, not able to maintain Id. Id. Henry VIII. My father is a poor man, and by his occupation a cloth-shearer. Hakewill on Providence. The king stood up under his cloth of state, took the sword from the protector, and dubbed the Lord Mayor of London knight. Sir John Hayward. Thomson. Who toils for nations may be poor indeed, CLOTH is a cotton, linen, or woollen manufacture. That, indeed, which, among the inhabitants of Otaheite, and other barbarous people, is made of the barks of trees, has been sometimes treated under this term; but it has already engaged our attention sufficiently under the word BARK, which see. On the other hand, hair, silk, and the ductile and precious metals of silver and gold have been, in highly civilised countries, wrought into cloth. But the three divisions of this extensive species of manufacture, which we have named, will embrace its principal and more common application. For HAIR-CLOTH, see that article; for cloth made of silk, see SILK MANUFACTURE; and for cloth of gold and silver, see TISSUE. Cotton, linen, and woollen cloths, alike underId. Cymbeline go three common processes from the raw material, to the complete and finished piece of goods. 1. They are prepared in various ways until they form yarn. 2. They are woven into cloth; and 3. They are bleached, dyed, printed, glazed, &c. to various stages of beauty and perfection. Under the names of the respective materials, COTTON, FLAX, and SILK, will the very distinct methods of preparing those materials be treated. Our attention in this article will be directed to the different operations by which our staple manufacture of woollen cloth is conducted after the sorting of the wool, for which see WOOL; and, with the exception of WEAVING, (an operation sufficiently important to require a distinct article) this finally receiving the name of cloth, in distinction from linen, cotton, and silk goods. I'll make the very green cloth to look blue. Ben Jonson At length by wonderful impulse of fate Milton. Marvell. Cloths are of various qualities, fine and coarse. The following general criteria of the goodness of cloth, have been often given, viz. 1. That the |