constituted as hereinafter provided, and shall have precedence in the order of their formation.

SEC. 2. Any number of members, not less than twelve, may constitute a section.

SEC. 3. Members desiring to form a section shall make written application to that effect to the Committee on Sectional Arrangements, which committee shall report such applications to the Board of Managers.

If the application shall be approved by the Board of Managers, the section shall be established and the names of the petitioners shall be recorded on the minutes as the founders of that section, and shall be reported by the Board of Managers to the Institute at its next meeting. Whenever the petitioners shall have organized, they shall report such organization, with the names of their officers, to the Committee on Sectional Arrangements. But if they shall fail to organize such section within six months after the date of said approval, or if an established section shall fail to make a report of its proceedings to the committee during any period of twelve months, it shall be the duty of the Committee on Sectional Arrangements to inform the Board of Managers, which may thereupon declare that such section is extinct.

SEC. 4. All members of the Institute shall have the privilege of enrolling themselves, without payment of additional fees, as members of any of the sections which are now, or which may hereafter be, established in conformity with these By-Laws, and such enrollments shall be reported from month to month to the secretaries of the sections designated; but no person shall be entitled to any of the privileges of any of the sections who has not complied with the condition of Article III of these By-Laws.

SEC. 5. Each section shall submit to the Committee on Sectional Arrangements prior to the stated meeting of the Board of Managers in December of each year, an estimate of moneys it will require for the ensuing year, and such estimate the Committee on Sectional Arrangements shall transmit, with its recommendation, to the Board at its stated meeting in December.

SEC. 6. Each section shall elect its own officers and make its own bylaws, not inconsistent with the Charter and By-Laws of the Institute. The Institute shall not be responsible for bills contracted by any section in conformity with the conditions prescribed in Section 4 of Article XII of the By-Laws relating to committees, nor in any event for a sum greater in any one year than the amount appropriated by the Board of Managers for the service of the section for that year.

SEC. 7. All requisitions for supplies shall be made by order upon the Actuary of the Institute.

SEC. 8. The books, papers, apparatus, specimens, models, and all other collections of each section, shall be the property of the Institute, held for the use of that section. Donations of objects or books to or for any section, shall be received and reported to the Committee on Sectional Arrangements, and by this committee to the Board of Managers, as donations to the Institute for the use of that section.

SEC. 9. Each section shall determine, subject to the approval of the Board of Managers, the times of its stated meetings.

SEC. 10. Papers read and lectures delivered before any section and approved by the same, shall be referred to the Committee on Publications of the Institute, and if accepted by them, shall be published in the JOURNAL of the Institute.

SEC. 11. Societies now existing, or which may hereafter be founded, for the consideration of any subjects clearly within the scope of The Franklin Institute, and which societies may desire to unite with The Franklin Institute as sections, shall furnish a list of such of their members as have declared their willingness to become members of the Institute, to the Committee on Sectional Arrangements, which committee shall transmit the same, with its recommendation, to the Board of Managers.

SEC. 12. On all points not herein provided for, each section shall be governed by the Charter, By-Laws and usages of the Institute.

ARTICLE XVII.-Amendments.

Proposals for amendments to these By-Laws shall be presented in writing, signed by two members in good standing, at any stated meeting of the Institute. By a majority vote of the members present at this meeting they may be considered, amended, referred, postponed, rejected, or ordered to be voted upon at the date of the next stated meeting, until which time they shall be posted at the Institute. The final vote upon amendments shall be by ballot, and if two-thirds of the votes cast are in favor of any proposed amendment, it shall be declared adopted; except that amendments to Article II, relating to capital stock, must (subsequently) be ratified by a majority of the stock represented at a meeting specially called for this purpose.

BY-LAWS OF THE BOARD OF MANAGERS

(As Amended June 8, 1910.)

SECTION 1. Officers.-The President of the Institute, or, in his absence, the Vice-President, in order of seniority of election, or in the absence of both, a member elected pro tempore, shall preside at all meetings of the Board. Records of its proceedings shall be kept by the Actuary.

SEC. 2. Meetings.-The Board shall hold a meeting for the purpose of organizing, electing a Secretary, and a Committee on Science and the Arts; and appointing an Actuary, Standing Committees, etc., on the fourth Wednesday in January, and regular meetings on the second Wednesday of each month, at 3.30 o'clock P.M.

SEC. 3. Special meetings may be called by the President at his discretion, and shall be called on written request of five members of the Board. In case of his absence or refusal to act, such special meeting shall be called by the Actuary.

SEC. 4. Actuary.-An Actuary shall be appointed by the Board at their first meeting after the annual election. He shall keep a correct record of

their proceedings; keep a roll of the members, and note their attendance thereon; give notice of all meetings of the Board, and of committees, delivered at least two days prior to the day of meeting; act as Secretary of the following Standing Committees of the Board: on Election and Resignation of Members; on Stocks and Finance; on Exhibitions; on Endowment. He shall notify all committees of the Board of their appointment. He shall collect and receive all moneys due to the Institute, and hand them over to the Treasurer; shall act as agent of the JOURNAL of the Institute, and shall transact such other business of the Institute as the Board shall direct. In all matters he shall be subject to the direction and control of the Board, and he shall receive such yearly compensation as they may determine.

SEC. 5. Secretary.-The Secretary of the Institute shall be ex officio a member of and act as secretary of the following Standing Committees of the Board: on Instruction; on Publications; on Sectional Arrangements; Executive.

SEC. 6. Resignations.-All resignations by members of the Board, after acceptance thereof, shall be reported to the Institute at its next stated meeting.

Members who have not attended six regular meetings prior to the stated meeting of the Institute in December, shall be reported thereat as having resigned, unless it be unanimously voted by the Board, at its stated meeting in December, that such member has been absent for sufficient reason.

SEC. 7. Standing Committees.-The following Standing Committees, consisting of five members each, shall be appointed by the President and approved by the Board:

I. On Instruction. 2. On Election and Resignation of Members. 3. On Stocks and Finance 4. On Publications. 5. On Exhibitions. 6. On Sectional Arrangements. 7. On Endowment. 8. Executive.

It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to make to the Board such recommendation as it may deem advisable, but in the absence of specific delegation of authority, it shall have no power to act on behalf of the Board.

It shall be the duty of all the committees to keep regular minutes of their proceedings, and report monthly to the Board, and to report through the Committee on Stocks and Finance to the stated meeting of the Board in September, an estimate of moneys they require for the service of the ensuing year.

SEC. 8. Professorships.-The Board may, at its discretion, establish such Professorships as may seem advisable, and on such subjects as it may designate, to serve until the next succeeding first meeting after the annual meeting.

SEC. 9. Order of Business.-The order at the stated meetings shall be as follows:

1. Calling the roll.

2. Reading the minutes and acting thereon.

3. Report from Treasurer, and action on bills.

4. Reports from Standing Committees, and action thereon.
(a) On Instruction.

(b) On Election and Resignation of Members.

(c) On Stocks and Finance.

(d) On Publications.

(e) On Exhibitions.

(f) On Sectional Arrangements.

(g) On Endowment.

(h) Executive.

5. Reports from Special Committees and action thereon.

6. Deferred Business.

7. New Business.

SEC. 10. Amendments.-These By-Laws may be altered at any stated meeting of the Board, provided the alteration be approved by two-thirds of the members present.

AWARDS BY THE INSTITUTE

The following awards are made by, or on the recommendation of, The Franklin Institute:

The Franklin Medal.

The Elliott Cresson Medal.

The Howard N. Potts Medal.

The John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium.

The Edward Longstreth Medal of Merit.

The Certificate of Merit.

The making or recommending of these awards is, by resolution of the Institute, entrusted to its Committee on Science and the Arts, a Committee consisting of sixty members of the Institute. This Committee, for the Institute, awards the Franklin Medal to distinguished scientists or technologists; and investigates, upon application, and reports on any worthy invention, discovery or process, awarding, according to merit, the Elliott Cresson Medal, the Howard N. Potts Medal, the Edward Longstreth Medal of Merit, or the Certificate of Merit. The Institute, also through this Committee, recommends to the Board of Directors of City Trusts of the City of Philadelphia the awarding of the John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium, in accordance with the provisions of the will of the founder.

The Franklin Medal (Gold Medal and Diploma).—This medal is awarded annually from the Franklin Medal Fund, founded January 1, 1914, by Samuel Insull, Esq., to those workers in physical science or technology, without regard to country, whose efforts, in the opinion of the Institute, acting through its Committee on Science and the Arts, have done most to advance a knowledge of physical science or its applications.

The Elliott Cresson Medal (Gold Medal and Diploma).—This medal is awarded for discovery or original research, adding to the sum of human knowledge, irrespective of commercial value; leading and practical utilizations of discovery; and invention, methods or products embodying substantial elements of leadership in their respective classes, or unusual skill or perfection in workmanship.

The Howard N. Potts Medal (Gold Medal and Diploma).—This medal is awarded for distinguished work in science or the arts; important development of previous basic discoveries; inventions or products of superior excellence or utilizing important principles; and for papers of especial merit that have been presented to the Institute and published in its JOURNAL.

The Edward Longstreth Medal of Merit (Silver Medal and Diploma).— This medal, with a money premium when the accumulated interest of