Climate Through the Ages: A Study of the Climatic Factors and Their VariationsE. Benn limited, 1926 - 439 Seiten |
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Africa amount annual Antarctic anticyclone Arctic Ocean Asia Atlantic atmosphere average belt calculated Caspian cent century Chapter circulation climatic changes clouds coast coefficient cold continental continents cooling curve decrease deposits desert drift drought earth east effect elevation Eocene equator equatorial Europe evaporation evidence extending factors favourable feet flood fluctuations formed freezing point geological geological periods glaciation glaciers Gondwanaland greater Greenland Gulf Stream heat high latitudes Huntington ice-age ice-cap ice-sheets increase Kharga Oasis Lake Lahontan land and sea latitudes layer lower maximum mean temperature Mesozoic meteorological miles mountain Nile non-glacial North America Northern Hemisphere ocean currents polar poles present pressure probably Proterozoic Quaternary Quaternary Ice-Age rain rainfall records regions rise sea distribution snowfall solar activity solar radiation Southern sub-tropical summer sunspot sunspot number temperate Tethys Sea theory tion trees tropical Upper Carboniferous variations volcanic warm periods Western winds Winnemucca Lakes winter
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Seite 8 - There are nine and sixty ways of constructing tribal lays, And — every — single — one — of — them — is — right!
Seite 115 - An astronomical hypothesis to explain Permian glaciation." Philadelphia, J. Frankl. lust., 23o, 1940, p. 45. CHAPTER V ASTRONOMICAL FACTORS OF CLIMATE THE radiation emitted from the sun is not the only factor in determining the solar climate of the earth. Whether or not the total heat received by the earth in the course of a year has remained constant, its distribution among the belts of latitude during the different months has certainly varied from time to time, and this distribution can be calculated....
Seite 100 - The spottedness is generally expressed as the " relative number " (3), which is obtained by an arbitrary formula, but has been found by photographic comparisons to be closely proportional to the spotted area. A relative number of 100 corresponds with about one five-hundredth of the sun's visible disc covered by spots, including both umbra and penumbra. Since 1749 the monthly mean relative sunspot numbers have varied between o and 206.
Seite 232 - Era, and that which attended the transition from the Tertiary to the present epoch. The existing stage thus falls in one of the most notable stages when continental elevation and breadth were greatest, though perhaps not at its climax.
Seite 232 - ... and that which attended the transition of the Tertiary to the present epoch. The existing stage thus falls in one of the most notable stages when continental elevation and breadth were greatest, though perhaps not at its climax. Geikie estimates the present mean elevation of the land at 2,441 feet.12 The mean elevation of the great peneplains is a matter of judgment rather than of knowledge, but no one would probably put the elevation at much more than a third of this. Probably a third is too...
Seite 41 - On the other hand, above the critical point the water as it cools becomes denser and sinks to the bottom, where it drains away as a ground current, to be replaced by warm surface currents from lower latitudes. Every inlet is flooded with warm water, no ice can form, and the temperature never sinks below the freezing point of sea water. The difference between these two pictures shows that they may easily have a temperature difference of 25°a.
Seite 76 - N., ultimately entering the Gulf of Guinea. The greater part of the North Equatorial Current turns north-westward as the Antilles Current, which passes between Cuba and the Bahamas, and unites with the Gulf Stream flowing through the Strait of Florida. The Antilles Current is estimated to convey nearly forty cubic miles of water an hour past Porto Rico. Owing to the greater strength of the South-east Trades, the South Equatorial Current is stronger and steadier than the North Equatorial. It is directed...
Seite 313 - Picture drift so dense that daylight comes through dully, though, maybe, the sun shines in a cloudless sky ; the drift is hurled, screaming through space at a hundred miles an hour, and the temperature is below zero, Fahrenheit.* You have then the bare, rough facts concerning the worst blizzards of Adelie Land.
Seite 104 - But, as experiment has shown,2 ultra-violet radiation of shorter wave length than A 1850 is strongly absorbed by oxygen, with the result that some of the oxygen is converted into ozone. Hence, since the atmosphere of the isothermal region is cold and dry (conditions favorable to the stability of ozone) and since of the gases of the upper atmosphere only oxygen is appreciably absorptive of radiations between...
Seite 365 - Co-Ching Chu also remarks that " In a recent bulletin published by the US Department • of Labour, Ta Chen has found that Chinese migration can be grouped into three periods : those of the seventh, fifteenth, and nineteenth centuries. During the first period, Chinese migrated to the Pescadores and Formosa ; in the second period, to Malaysia ; and in the third, about 1 860 . . . with destinations in Hawaii, North America, and South Africa.