it is, we must necessarily confine ourselves to a few general remarks; merely sufficient to indicate the character of the work, so that the curious may know where to find good things if they only think proper to seek them. A very interesting feature in the book is the full and generally accurate sketches which it gives of the principal instrument manufacturers of Europe.
It takes notice of only one American house; but this it ranks with the best of Europe. Since the work is edited by a musical artist who has made ample preparation for the task, it is almost superfluous to say that the one thus distinguished is that of the Messrs. Steinway & Sons, New York. He does not confine himself to merely noting the fact; among the evidences he adduces in support of it, are the medals they have received at more than one of the great European exhibitions, certain instruments imported from New York, by dealers in Berlin and Brussels, and one ordered to Mexico from the same house, by the Emperor Maxamilian, after his majesty had assisted at some performances on Steinway pianos by members of his court. Although it is no news to our readers that the instruments mentioned are the best manufactured in this country, and that they are not excelled in any country, it is nevertheless pleasant to learn that our ingenious and enterprising fellow-citizens receive abroad, as well as at home, the tribute of approbation which they so eminently deserve.
Sixth Annual Report of the Comptroller, exhibiting the Receipts and Expenditures of the County Government for the year 1864. Pamphlet, pp. 191. New York, 1865.
AT first sight, this is not a very inviting document to the general reader; but on examination it proves much more interesting than its title or external appearance would lead the most sanguine to expect. That it possesses one recommendation, at all events, none will denynamely, that of giving a lucid and straightforward account of the financial affairs of the county during the past year. There is no attempt to conceal expenses or to magnify receipts; no effort to deceive the taxpayers by spurious principles of political economy. Almost the first idea that suggests itself to us, on turning over the pages of the Report, is the large number of high-salaried functionaries with whom the county is burdened. Those who glance at these salaries will scarcely wonder that the debt of the county amounts to nearly eleven millions ($10,804,900), although, had all who received them done their duty, it would not have reached half that figure, even including the enormous claims for damages founded on the great riot of July, 1863, and amounting, according to the figures now before us, to $643,560.80.
None will deny that our District Attorney has enough to do, if he would only do it; still less will it be denied, we think, that he is pretty
well paid for his services. During the last year his office cost the city $20,000-his own personal salary amounting to $7,000-$1,500 more than that of any of the Judges of the Supreme Court; $2,000 more than that of the City Judge, and $1,000 more than that of the Recorder or the Judge of the Marine Court. If, however, he were not to allow half as many malefactors to escape as he does, because it requires too much time and labor to prosecute them earnestly and vigorously, he would be worth not only the $7,000, but considerably more. As it is, we think that his services for the past year would have been amply remunerated by $5,000; nor have we seen much sign, thus far, that he will have earned his salary for the present year much better.
The Supreme Court costs the county $62,444; the Superior Court, $71,633.32; the Court of Common Pleas, $43,700; the Marine Court, $32,700; the Surrogate's Court, $17,898.97; the Court of General Sessions, $23,400, &c. Considering the vast interests which he controls, and the great responsibility resting upon him, there is not one of our public functionaries who receives a more moderate salary than the Comptroller, the amount allowed him by the Board of Supervisors for 1864 being only $2,500. He would have deserved twice the amount had he done nothing more than to frustrate the fraudulent schemes of the gas monopolies against the city. In closing his Report he makes a suggestion which few will think uncalled for or superfluous, as follows:
"The Comptroller takes this occasion to urge upon your Honorable Body the necessity of the most rigid economy in relation to the public expenses under your control, in order to avoid a further increase of the Public Debt, and also to lessen as far as possible the burden of taxation for the current expenses of the County Government."
Another officer who receives a moderate salary, and earns a liberal one, is the County Clerk; at least this seems to be admitted on all hands as true of the gentleman who occupies that position at present. But we must forbear further comment until we see the Annual Report for the city; it is the latter which gives the large figures, and shows that there is not a city in the world which it costs so much to govern, and yet, is governed so badly, as New York.
National Quarterly Review.
Arcos, Santiago, his La Ptata noticed, 393-4.
Arnold, Matthew, his Essays reviewed, 401-5.
Bible, Modern Correctors of, article on, 119-
translators not often men of genius, b.-trans-
lation of the Bible difficult, 120-most accurate
translations by the Jews, ib.-Greek versions
and editions, ib.-Septuagint most correct,
121 of the Latin, the new Vulgate the best,
122 et seq.-no authority for new translation,
ib.-King James' translation, ib.-crticisms
on different translations, 126 et seq.-Final
Committee not final, ib.
Banking System, United States, Past and Pres--
ent, article on, 51-paper currency, ib.-
banks and branches, ib.-circulation, ib.
New York state paper, 52-resolution of
Congress, A. D. 1832, 53-history of bank
circulation, 54-United States Bank estab-
lished, ib.-bank issues, 55-fluctuations of
paper currency, b.-bank note circulation, 56
-convulsions of New York and other State
57-banks, suspension of payment,ib.-banks
not the sole cause of busines catastrophes,
60-the true measure of value, ib.-actual
expenditure in 1862, ib.-effect of the war,
ib.-conditions upon which the banks would
give relief, 64-amount of capital necessary,
67-corporate powers granted, ib.-boards of
directors, ib.-rate of interest and discount,
69-associations in nineteen cities, b.-quar-
terly reports, ib-expense of printing, ib.-
shares taxable, 70-associations failing, ib.
-depositories of public money, ib.-First
National Bank, 72-aggregate capital, ib.-
number of nationa banks, ib.-the system
born of the rebellion, ib.
Bar, New York, Charles O'Conor, 73-legal
profession worthy of honor, ib.-study of, 74
-Demosthenes and Cicero regarded as mem-
bers of the bar, ib.-jurisprudence suffers
like other sciences, ib.-France next to Rome
in the legal profession, 75-the law language
of England, ib.-the Gauls rank first in juris-
prudence, 76-lawyers required to be court-
eous, 77-O'Conor not a politician, 78-sketch
of his life, 79 et seq.-first appearance in law
reports, 84-greatest cases, 86-7-the Cali-
fornia quicksilver mine, 87-arguments
against the negro, 88-greatest merits as an
orator, 89,
et seq.
Comptroller's Report reviewed, 417, 418.
Criminals, American female, article on, 268-
American treatment of women, ib.-women
in primitive state, 269-influence of German
and Gallic women, ib.-Ancient Britons'
usage of women, 270-consulted women on
national questions, ib.-as civilization advan-
ces, "woman's rights" fall into disuse, b —
women sign charters, ib.-and sit in parlia-
ment, 271-privileges of abbesses, ib.-in-
fluence of Alice Perrers, ib.-writ of Edward
III., 272-offices filled by women, 273-John
Knox opposes woman's rights, 274-women
have a voice in parliament, ib.-privileges
of peeresses, 275-ladies in the House of Com-
mons, 276-Lord Shaftesbury denounces them
277-Victoria as a sovereign, ib.-them
French Republicans represent woman as their
idol, ib-treat her without mercy,279 et seq-
Jews, Greeks, and Romans punish woman
as man, 280-female criminals of different
countries, 280 et seq.-false gallantry in
France, ib.-increased crime, 281-Louis XIV.
impartial, 281-4-case of Madame Tiquet, ib.
-case of Nannette, 286-her confession, 287
et seq.-salutary effect of her execution, ib.-
deathblow to false gallantry in Spain, ib.-
case of Mendieta, 288-91-Madame Gottfried,
291-her confession, ib-justice made a farce
of by our jurymen, 296 et seq.-woman found
guilty, as man, should suffer equally, ib.-
respect due only to the virtuous and good, 279.
Cicero, negative character of, article on, 297-
character the sum total of the man, 298-
old Roman character viewed as forming a
certain national type, 299-it revealed no
negatives, ib.-Rome the pioneer of modern
civilization, ib.-Marius a type of the lowest
grade of Roman character, ib.-character of
Cicero marked strongly by Celtic traits, 301
-this has helped to develop his real character,
ib.-his letters convict him of vanity and the
weaker passions, 302— in morality he stands
higher than his contemporaries, ib.-in youth
he was undecided till selfishness ruled, ib.-
in his prime he was equally wavering, ib.-
in advanced life still irresolute, 304-wept
for his country, ib-acted as mediator be-
tween the factions, ib.-can be justly viewed
only from his own standpoint, 305-Cæsar
tries to entice him, 306-he lacks faith in
Pompey, 307-his deficiencies arose for want
of a high principle, 308-compared with
Cæsar and Pompey, ib.-both positive char-
acters, 309 et seq.-neither could tolerate a
rival, 310.-Pompey feared the trouble of
ruling, b.-Cicero's centre was his vanity,
314-three distinct views of the world, ib.—
first thought on returning from exile, 315-his
letters show his private life, 320 et seq.-
distinguished for what he was not than what
be was, 321.
Commencements of Colleges, &c.,article on,366-
criticism, 367-plans of education, 368 et seq-
study of Latin, 370-translating, 371-too
many rules, 372-importance of composition,
373-4-system of the Jesuits, 374 et seq-Ba-
con's opinion, 375-Georgetown College, 377-
380-Holy Cross College, 380-82-Fordham
College, 382-4-St. Xavier's, 384-Manhattan
College 385-388-Columbia College, 388-
Harvard, ib Rockland Female Institute, 389
-Deer Park Female Institute-a comparison,
590 St. Mary's Academy-391-2-Ferris Fe
male Institute, 393.
Druids, The Celtic, article on, 1-unwillingness
to enlighten the world, 2-the Druids ob-
jected to writing, ib.-misrepresented in
history, 3-German writers favor the Druids
as much as Irish, Welsh, or French, ib.-
Cæsar's opinion, 5-they do not go to war, ib.
cultivated memory and diligence, ib.-im-
mortality of the soul, 6-astronomy and phil-
osophy taught, ib.-Magi and Druids com-
pared, 7-Bards and Eubages inferior to the
Druids, ib.-the learned men of the age, 8-
influence of Bards during civil war, ib.-
deserve both honor and credit, 9-cruelty of
Edward I., ib.-Druids repair to the moun-
tains of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, 10-
fine specimens of architecture, ib.-the
groves their temples, ib.-sacrilege to use
tools on temples to the Deity, 11-the cross a
sacred symbol in most countries from earliest
records, 12-the oak regarded as a sacred
tree, ib-human sacrifices, modes of offering
them, ib.-eminent writers deny the cruelty
of the Druids, 15-their leading maxims, ib.
-origin of transmigration of souls, 16-
different kinds of beasts offered in sacrifice,
ib-elevated notions of the soul, 17-male-
factors not the innocent sacrificed, b.-
modes of despatching their victims for
sacrifice, 18-the fairies, 19-the greatest
nations offered human sacrifices, ib.-the
Jews of more modern times, ib.-sacrifices to
Saturn, 21-instruments and vessels used for
sacrifices, 22-a sculpture, ib.-a sacrifice in
the tenth century, 23-ancient laws of the
Druids, 24-most learned and distinguished
authors give credit to the Druids, b.-Cæsar
eulogizes the Gauls, b.-The Druids did good
in their time, 26.
Debt, National, of the United States, article
on, 321-our ability to pay been demonstra-
ted, 323-plans to liquidate,' 324-statements
on the debt of England, 325-her national debt
the cause of war with the colonies, 328-the
debt of France injurious to the nation, 329-
the cause of the wars of Louis XIII. and XIV.,
ib.-and aided that of Louis XVI., ib.-national
bonds of France depreciated, ib.-she becomes
bankrupt, ib.-great suffering, 330-the Eng-
lishman or American pays a heavier debt
than the Russian, 331 et seq.-our resources
constitute our wealth, 332-sinking fund of
no advantage, ib.-means of restraining the
national debt, ib.-sinking fund considered,
ib.-raising loans and increasing taxes, ib.
et seq.-our seven-thirty bonds safe because
our resources are great, 337-the national
debt a political tie, ib-bonds the only basis
for currency, 238-uniform national banking
currency a bond of union, ib.-effect of in-
crease of population and manufactories, —
payment of the debt by subscription regarded
impossible, ib.
Homer, Lord Derby's translation of, article on,
205-it requires a poet to translate poetry,
ib.-other qualifications indispensable, 206–7
-Homer superior to all other poets, ib.-
a thorough knowledge of Greek necessary to
understand the Iliad, ib.-the laws of nature
never stationary, 208-beauty not the same
in all lands, ib.-language constantly chang-
ing, ib.-one language powerless to reproduce
what is sublime in another, ib.-Greek lan-
guage superior, 209-different translations of
Homer, Derby's translation inferior to most
others, 210-deficiency in poetic spirit, ib.-
poets admired most in their own tongues, ib.
-Homer in all countries and ages, 212-taste
the result of unalterable laws, ib.-Lord Der-
by's translation compared to Mumford's and
others, 214 et seq.-ungallant style of Derby,
216 et seq.-Achilles approaching Hector, ib.-
translation of, ib.-the same by Mumford,
218-shield of Achilles, ib.-Pope's version of
the same, 220-injury to literature by false
translations, 222-the Homeric speeches, 226
-difference between a poet and one who is
not manifested in lamentation of Briseis for
Patroclus, 227-war condemned in the Iliad,
ib.-proof of the fact, 128.
Humboldt, William von, as a comparative phil-
ologist, 228-his investigations co-extensive
with the globe, 229-his system has rendered
him illustrious, ib.-study of language, ib.-
origin and affinity of European languages, 230—
his history in three distinct periods, 231-his
first view of the study of languages, ib-essay
on the basis of the Basque language, ib.-cor-
rections and additions to Adelung's article,
ib.-second step commenced with the Sanscrit,
ib.-contributions to the Prussian Academy,
233-transformed ideal points to the order
and consistency of universal science, ib.-
his celebrated letter, 234-nature of writing,
ib.-its relation to language, ib.-important
desertations, ib.--minor treatises between
1827 and 1829, 236-grand link connecting
the sciences with the nature of man ib.
-origin, definition, and nature of lan-
guage, 237 et seq.-Humboldt's answers,
ib.-man's reflection converted the sounds
of nature into significant signs, ib.-lan-
guage neither the product of organization
nor the manifestation of emotion, 238-theory
of a divine origin no longer a question with
Humboldt, ib.-speech flows spontaneously, ib.
-opposes the idea of divine interven-
tion, 239-this energy the totality of
man's powers, ib.-language is the con-
necting link between the finite and infinite
nature of man, 240-not the work of an
individual, ib.-apparent contradiction con-
stitutes the peculiarity of language, 241-
our ability to speak referred to a universal
element, ib.-attempts to analyse the process
of speech, 242-manner of the action of
instinct, ib.-speech closely linked with in-
tellect and senses, ib.-man represents him-
self through speech, ib.-constitutive elements
of speech, ib.-affinity and analogy between
thought and sound, 244-articulation belongs
to the internal as well as external, ib.-
articulation the connecting link between
thought and sound, 245 three distinct
modes of designating objects, 248 et seq.-
remarks on the phenomena of language, 249-
every language maintains an individual
character, 250-the character of a lan-
guage variously manifested, ib.-poetry and
prose the two grand divisions of speech,
O'Conor, Charles, article on, 73 et seq.
Poetry, the, of the Orient, reviewed, 409.
Perry, R. Ross, his poem noticed, 399.
Persians, ancient civilization of, article on, 340
-Persia the centre of Asia, ib.-greatness of
the early Persians, 341-basis of the Per-
sian religion, ib.-the dual principle, ib.-
Persian language, its earliest elements, 344-
spirit of the Persian language shows the tone of
mind and character. 347-mechanical arts now
known, 348-botany among the Persians, ib.
-they were behind the Hindoos in medical
sciences, ib.
Queen Anne, Wits of the Reign of, 251-most
splendid in the annals of literature, ib.-
Addison's life, 250, et seq.-his Cato criti·
cised, ib.-resorts of the wits at this time,
257-Pope, at the age of twenty-one, appears
as a poet, ib.-rising glory dims the reputa-
tion of Addison, 259-sets up a rival court, ib.
-his associates there, ib.-commences his
translation in his twenty-fifth year, 260-
Pope views Tickell as his rival, ib.-a
pamphlet appears reflecting on Pope, ib-his
triumph complete, ib.-he determines to be
avenged, ib-the Dunciad, 262 - his life
in danger, ib.-struggle between him and the
Dunces, 263-his epistles, satires, and moral
essays, ib. the Dunciad concluded, ib.
Congreve, a brilliant young wit, 284-hig
talents acknowledged, ib his comedies
bright and witty, 265-Dean Swift, the
greatest wit of the age, ib.-character in
youth, ib-Secretary to Sir. W. Temple, ib.
-access to his library the foundation of his
greatness, 266-in 1708 he joins the Tories, ib,
-the Queen and her advisers refuse him a
bishopric, ib.-his ambition for political
power and notoriety, ib.-Bolingbroke ib.
Revolution, American, Historical View of, re
viewed, 183 et seq.
Rebellion, Lessons and Results, article on, 157-
civil tribunals more judicious than courts
martial, 158-object of execution of crimi-
nals,ib. martial law subordinate to cvil,
158- the assassins, ib.-not acording
to laws nations to execute the
leader of a rebellion, ib.-nothing to be gained
by executing Davis, 160-his wife justifled
in assisting him, ib.-leading English journals
regard the resuscitation of the Union impos-
sible, ib -Lee's manner of surrender entitles
him to his liberty, 168-confiscation next to
capital punishment, ib.-injudicious to deprive
the rebel states of their rights, ib.-denying
the rights of the rebel states would be ac-
knowledging the dissolution of the Union,
169-Slavery abolished forever, ib.-all these
questions settled-the Union enters on a more
glorious career, 169.
Savage, John, his Sybil reviewed and criticised.
405-9.
Smith, Francis O. J., his Grant to aged indigent
mothers noticed, 396-7.
Science, medical, ancient, and modern discover-
ies in article on, 131-a skilful physicians, 132
-restrictions'placed on human dissections, ib.
-effect mistaken for cause, ib.-ignorance of
sound physiology and anatomy, b-no im-
provement down to the times of the Ptolemies,
ib.-dissection the true means of shedding
light on disease ib. -discoveries of the
Alexandrian doctors, 133-noted physicians,
ib.-system of empiricists led to valuable
discoveries, ib. benefits resulting from
change in the medical mind, ib.-systems of
medicine connected with religious supersti-
tions, 134-the Italians gave little attention
to medicine, ib.-temples dedicated to deities,
ib.-slaves first practice medicine in
'Rome, ib.-Mahometanism forbade dissection,
137-modern medicines preventive of disease,
152-enlightened sentiment more necessary
to the community than drugs, 156, et seq.
Statesmanship, English, Phases of, article on,
96-essays, 98-English history, 100-Macau-
lay and Lewis contrasted, ib.-our states-
manship bears a close resemblance to Great
Britain, 101-whig aristocracy, ib.-tory
administration, 102-reform bill, 103-whigs
progressive,lib.-tories supporters of the royal
prerogative, b-conservatives, 104-promi-
nent leaders of the party, 105-prominent
whigs, 106-the five prominent statesmen
of England, ib.-Lord Castlereagh, 107-
emancipation of Roman Catholics, 108-Can-
ning as a statesman, 110-Lord Grenville as-
pires to the premiership, 111-character of
Lord Grey, 112-his failure as a statesman,
113-Sir Robert Peel and Lord John Russell,
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