The new mountain in the Lucrine lake, which is alleged, by the fautors of this opinion, as an instance in behalf of it, was not raised thus. Woodward. It made him pray and prove Minerva's aid his fautress still. Chapman's Iliads. He comes from banishment to the fautress of liberty, from the barbarous to the polite. Garth. FAWKES (Francis), an English poet and divine, educated at Leeds, whence he was transplanted to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of M. A. Entering into orders, he settled first at Bramham, in Yorkshire, near Mr. Lane's elegant seat. His first poetical publications were Gawin Douglas's Description of May and Winter modernised. Removing afterwards to Croydon, in Surry, he recommended himself to the notice of archbishop Herring, to whom he addressed an Ode on his recovery in 1754, printed in Dodsley's collection; and who collated him, in 1755, to the vicarage of Orpington, Mr. Fawkes lamented his patron's death in 1757, in a pathetic Elegy, entitled Aurelius, first printed in 1763. He married at this time Miss Purrier, of Leeds. In April, 1774, he exchanged his vicarage for the rectory of Hayes. He was also one of the chaplains to the princess dowager of Wales. He published a volume of Poems by subscription, in 8vo. 1761; the Poetical Kalendar in 1763; and Poetical Magazine, 1764, in conjunction with Mr. Woty; PartridgeShooting, an Eclogue, 1767, 4to.; and a Family Bible, with notes, in 4to. a compilation. He also published translations of fragments of Menander, the Works of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Moschus, and Musæus, 12mo. 1760; the Idylliums of Theocritus, 8vo. 1767; and the Argonautics of Apollonius Rhodius. He died August 26th, 1777. FAWN. Fr. faon; Old Fr. fan, a child; probably from Lat. infans, says Dr. Johnson: Mr. Thomson, more probably, traces it to Fr. fauve, fallow, from its color. A young deer. Looking my love I go from place to place, Like a young fawn that late hath lost the hind; And seek each where, where last I saw her face, Whose image yet I carry fresh in mind. Spenser. The buck is called the first year a fawn, the second year a pricket. Shakspeare. Love's Labour Lost. The colt hath about four years of growth; and so the fawn, and so the calf. Bacon's Natural History. Who for thy table feeds the wanton fawn, For him as kindly spreads the flowery lawn. Pope. Fawn, among hunters, is the name generally given to the buck or doe of the first year, or the young one of the buck's breed in its first year. FAWN, v. n. & n. s. FAWNER, FAWNING, FAWNINGLY, adv. Patron of liberty, who more than thou Heaven's awful monarch? Milton's Paradise Lost. Is it not strange that a rational man should worship an ox? that he should fawn upon his dog? bow himself before a cat? and adore leeks and garlick? South. Thompson. The whole of the speech is hypocritical, fawning, time-serving, and pusillanimous. He felt that in the terrible republic, whose course and conduct he had recommended to England, there was neither freedom nor safety. p. 173. Cheetham's Life of Paine. FAXED, adj. Sax. Fæx, hair. Hairy. Ob solete. FAY, n. s. Fr. fee. See FAIRY. Milton. Ye sylphs and sylphids, to your chief give ear; Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and demons hear! Pope. Attendant fays around her throng, And trace the dance, or raise the song. Darwin. Or, when the setting Moon, in crimson dyed, Hung o'er the dark and melancholy deep, To haunted stream, remote from man, he hied, Where fays of yore their revels wont to keep; And there let Fancy rove at large, till sleep Το Dr. A. Rees. Sax. Fægenian; M. Goth. faigean. wheedle; caress; fondle: hence to court servilely as a substantive fawn signifies a servile cringe, or bow; flattery: a fawner is a flatterer: fawning, and fawningly, nave also been chiefly used in this sense. Instead thereof he kissed her weary feet, And licked her lily hands with fawning tongue, As he ber wronged innocence did weet. Faerie Queene. A vision brought to his entranced sight. Beattie. FAY, n. s. Fr. fay, Span. fe. Faith. Obso lete. Their ill "haviour garres men missay, Both of their doctrine and their fay. Spenser. FAYAL, the most western of the Azores. It is about twenty-seven miles long and nine broad; and abounds in cattle, fowls, fish, and beech trees. The chief town is Villa Horta. It has a fort and a Portuguese garrison. It was taken by the English, under the earls of Cumberland and Essex, with a rich squadron of ships. Its trade has been extended since the wine of the Pico has been so much improved as to be in great demand in the West Indies. In good years from 8000 to 10,000 pipes are exported, besides corn and provisions to freight seventy vessels of from eighty to 100 tons each. There are several British and Irish settlers. Long. 10° 45′ E. of Ferro, lat. 38° 32′ N. FAYETTE (Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Verge), countess of, wife of the count de la Fayette, in the reign of Louis XIV., was a lady of considerable literary attainments, and intimately acquainted with the men of literature of that period. Segrais, on leaving his residence with Mademoiselle Montpensier, entered upon a residence with Madame de la Fayette, and was her chief director. In his name her celebrated romances of Zaide and the Princess of Cleves were published. Voltaire speaks of them as the first romances in which the manners of persons of condition were truly painted. On the appearance of Zaide, Huet wrote his Origin of Romances, and exposed himself to some censure by the importance which he attached to them. Madame de la Fayette died in 1693. Besides the works already mentioned, she wrote, The Princess of Montpensier; Memoirs of the Court of France in the years 1688 and 1689; The History of Henriette of England; and Divers Portraits of Persons about the Court. Madame de Genlis has given a very sprightly account of Madame de la Fayette as the friend of the duc de la Rochefoucault, from whom she stated herself to have derived her wit, and to have paid him by reforming his heart. Our authoress says that she reformed also many of his Maxims. We are of opinion that it would have been a better service to the cause of virtue and humanity if she had persuaded that nobleman to abstain altogether from a work which is caltulated only to make men distrustful of all appearances of good, to relax the springs of virtuous action, to extinguish mutual benevolence, and to reconcile the heart to its own turpitude, by teaching it to suppose an equal degree of it at the bottom of every character. The remarks of Madame de Genlis on the princess de Cleves are very lively and sensible. See her De l'Influence des Femmes sur la Literature Française, comme Protectrices des Lettres et comme Auteurs; ou Précis de l'Histoire des Femmes Françaises les plus célèbres. Paris, 1811. FAYETTE, a county of Kentucky, surrounded by Clarke, Bourbon, Scott, Franklin, Woodford, Maddison, and Mercer counties. Lexington is the capital. FAYETTE, a county of Pennsylvania, bounded on the north by Westmoreland, east by Somerset, south by the states of Maryland and Virginia, and west by the Monongahela. It is thirty-nine miles long, twenty-nine broad, and contains 473,280 acres; divided into eleven townships, of which Union is the chief. The western parts are fertile; the eastern mountainous, abounding in iron ore. Two iron manufactories are established in it FAYETTE, a district of North Carolina, conprehending six counties, bounded on the north by Hillsborough, south-east by Wilmington and Newbern, south by South Carolina, and west by Salisbury. It is 120 miles long, and fifty broad. FAYETTE, a settlement of New York, in Tioga county, between the Unadilla and the chief branch of the Chenengo, containing 100 square miles. FAYETTEVILLE, a flourishing town of North Carolina, the capital of Cumberland county, and of Fayette district; seated in a settlement of Scots Highlanders, on the northwest branch of Cape Fear River. It is regularly laid out in four streets of 100 feet wide; and two squares of 300 feet each. FAYOUM, or FEIUM, a province of Egypt, on the west side of the Nile, extending from that river to Maris, now Birket el Kerun. It was anciently called Arsinoe, and intersected by canals, cut by the ancient Egyptians between the river and the lake of Maris; but, though formerly very wealthy and fertile, it greatly declined, through the oppressions of the Mamelukes, and, instead of flourishing cities, exhibits only mud-walled villages. The canals are almost dry, and the Birket el Kerun, whose ancient name was Maris, reduced to two-thirds of its former extent. Notwithstanding all this, wherever the waters can penetrate, the same productions are found in similar abundance. The Copts still cultivate the vines and olives which their forefathers planted; and gather excellent grapes, of which they make a most agreeable white wine. The whole country is covered with wheat, barley, and dourra, which rise in succession, uninterruptedly, for seven or eight months. The tall fax, the sugar cane, and vegetables of all kinds, sprout up almost without culture; cucumbers, and nearly twenty species of melons, melting, sweet, and wholesome, adorn the banks of the rivulets; clustering fruit trees are scattered over the plain. Amid a diversity of trees and plants, the villages are regaled with forests of rose-bush. In other provinces this fine shrub only ornaments gardens, but here it are cultivated, and the rose water, distilled from its odoriferous flower, forms a considerable branch of commerce. The canals and lakes swarm with fish, which are caught in prodigious quantities, and eaten in the province, or carried to the neighbouring cities, and are as cheap as at Damietta. When the frost and snow of winter are felt in the northern countries, innumerable flocks of birds resort to the lake Moris, and the canals of Fayoum. The people catch abundance of geese with golden plumage, and a most agreeable flavor, fat and delicate; ducks, teal, swans (the skins of which are used like furs), and pelicans. FAYOUM, the capital of the above province, formerly contained public baths, markets, and colleges; was divided by Joseph's canal, and surrounded by gardens. At present it is only half a league in circumference, and stands on the eastern shore of the canal. The remainder is destroyed, and the colleges are no more. Houses built of sun-dried bricks, present a gloomy assemblage of huts; their inhabitants are poor and deprived of energy; their arts are reduced to some manufactures of mats, coarse carpets, and the distillation of rose water. It is forty-nine miles S. S. W. of Cairo. FAZIO (Bartholomew), an Italian historian of the fifteenth century, was a native of Spezia on the coast of Genoa. He was patronised by Alphonso, king of Naples, at whose instance he translated Arrian's History of Alexander into Latin, and wrote the history of that prince in ten books, printed 1560. He composed likewise a History of the War between the Genoese and Venetians in 1377, and De Viris Illustribus, containing brief accounts of the most famous of his contemporaries. This last production long remained in MS. and was published by the abbé Mehus, who added some MS. letters of Fazio's that are valuable FE SANTA, or Santa Fé de Bogota, a province of Colombia, South America, is bounded on the north by Santa Marta and Merida; on the east by the lofty summits of the eastern part of the Cordillera of the Andes, and the province of San Juan de los Llanos; on the south by Popayan; and on the west by Santa Fé de Antioquia. It is exceedingly mountainous, and situate in the very centre of Cund.namarca, on the west of the eastern branch or parallel of the main chain of the Andes, and on both sides of the great river Magdalena. None of the mountains here, however, attain the height of perpetual snow. Two of the curiosities of this province, Lake Guatavita and the cataract of the Tequendama, we have described in the article COLOMBIA, which see. The rivers of Santa Fé are very numerous, but most of them are innavigable on account of the great declivity of the land towards the Magdalena. The Suarez, the Gallinazo or Sogamozo, the Rio Negro, and the Bogota or Funza, are the chief streams, which, rising in the eastern Cordillera, descend into and swell the Magdalena. Between the top and the bottom of this fall of Tequendama may be observed a curious variety of climate. The plain of Bogota is covered with crops of wheat, with oaks, elms, and other productions of a temperate region. At the foot of the fall are seen the palms of the equinoctial low-lands. The face of the rock, which finishes and borders the vast plain of Bogota, near the cataract, is so steep that it takes three hours to descend from the river Funza to the Rio Meta; and the basin or gulf cannot be approached very close, as the rapidity of the water, the deafening noise of the fall, and dense mass of vapor, render it impossible to get nearer the edges of the abyss than 400 or 500 feet. The loneliness of the spot, the dreadful noise, and the beauty of the vegetation, render this situation one of the wildest and most picturesque scenes in the whole range of the Andes. The outlets from Popayan or Quito to Santa Fé, are by means of roads traversing broken ground; and the pass of the Paramo de Guanacas, which lies across the Cordillera of Antioquia, is the most frequented, from which the traveller crosses the Magdalena, and arrives at the metropolis by Tocayma and Meza, or the natural bridges of Icononza. These bridges are, however, not much frequented, excepting by the Indians, and travellers whose curiosity inspires them to venture on such desolate regions. They are the formation of nature's ever-varying hand; and are situate west of the Suma Paz, in the direction of a small river which rises in the mountain of that name. This torrent rolls through a deep and narrow valley, which would have been inaccessible, but for the arches thrown across it in so wonderful a manner. The little village of Pandi is the nearest inhabited place to this pass, being a quarter of a league distant, and the whole road from the capital is one of the most difficult in the Andes. The province is noted for the production of gold (in small quantities), silver, gems, salt, and coal, and for the fertility of the plain near the capital. The woods abound with game, wild beasts, and birds; the plains with horses and mules; and the rivers with alligators and fish. FE SANTA, DE BOGOTA, the metropolis of Cundinamarca, is in N. lat. 4° 6′, and W. long. 78° 30′, near the river Funza, or Pati. It is situate in a spacious and luxuriant plain, to the east of the great chain of the Andes, and between it and its first parallel branch. It is also to the west of the Paramo of Chingasa, on an elevation; on the western declivity of which is the celebrated fall of the Tequendama. Though this city is only four degrees from the equator, the elevation of 8694 feet above the level of the sea renders the temperature of the air so equable, that the Bogotians enjoy a perpetual spring. It is large and handsomely built, containing four great squares; with wide, regular, and well laid out streets. Two small rivers, the San Francisco, and San Augustin, run through the town, and join the main stream of the Funza at a short distance. Over these rivulets, five handsome bridges are erected. The cathedral is a magnificent structure, and forms the chief ornament of the place, which also contains three other churches, eight convents, four nunneries, and an hospital. The university was founded in the year 1610, since which time two colleges have been endowed for public education; and a library was established in 1772. There is also a mint, several courts of justice, and state offices. The inhabitants, who are said to amount to 30,000, are represented as possessing agreeable manners, and much good sense, combined with a considerable degree of industry. The latter quality is manifested by the appearance of the plain surrounding the city, which they take so much pains with, as to cause it to produce two harvests in the year. In the environs are some mines of gold, as well as of Peruvian emeralds. Salt and coal are found also in considerable quantities; but the difficulty of carriage renders the latter very expensive. FE SANTA, DE ANTIOQUIA, called also Antioquia, is a province of Colombia, bounded on the north by Carthagena and Darien; on the east by Choco; on the west by Santa Fé; and on the south by Popayan. It consists almost entirely of mountainous land, having part of the central ridge of the Andes, which divides the valley of the Magda lena from that of the Cauca, within its limits. The mountains of this country attain the greatest elevation of any of the three parallel chains m this part of the Andes. They reach the period of perpetual congelation, and in some of their summits greatly exceed it. Indeed the whole country is so thickly surrounded with these mountains, that those who are not strong enough to travel on foot, or dislike being carried on the backs of men, must pass their whole lives within its bounds. It is famous for its mines of gold, &c. Gold is found in veins in micaceous slate at Buritoca, San Pedro, and Arenas, but is not worked on account of the difficulty in procuring laborers, as the province is accessible only on foot. Gold is also collected in grains in great abundance on the alluvial grounds of the valley of Santa Rosa, the valley de la Trinidad, and the valley de los Onos. It is chiefly found by negroes, employed for that purpose, and sent to Mompox, which is the great mart where the gold found in this province is disposed of. The gold of Antioquia is only of nineteen or twenty carats fineness, and it has been computed that 3400 marcs of this precious metal are annually exported. The silver of Cundinamarca is chiefly produced in this province at Vega de Supia, a mine which has been lately discovered twenty leagues from Carthago. Quicksilver, that precious article in a mining country, is occasionally discovered in Antioquia; as sulphureted mercury is found in the valley of Santa Rosa on the east of the Rio Cauca. The number of negroes who inhabit the gold district of the valley of Cauca, is said to be 8000; dispersed in small villages near the mining stations. FE SANTA, DE ANTIOQUIA, the capital of the above province, is situated about two leagues distance from the river Cauca, and 270 miles north by east from Popayan, in 6° 48′ N. lat., and 74° 36′ W. long. FE SANTA, a city of Mexico, capital of the intendancy of New Mexico, is situated on a creek which comes down from the mountains, and runs west into the Rio del Norte. It is about a mile in length, and consists of three streets. It has two churches, with magnificent spires. The public square, on the north side of which is the government house, is in the centre of the town. Pike estimates the population at 5000; Humboldt with more probability at 3600. Long. 104° 54′ W., lat. 36° 13′ N.-There are other settlements of this name in Spanish Amenica, consisting chiefly of a few Indian families. FEABERRY, n. s. Grossularia. A goose berry. The tenants by knight service did swear to their lords to be feal and leal, i. e. to be faithful and loyal. Spelman. De Parliament. Man disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of Heav'n. Milton. After their kinds : I bring them to receive He prevailed on all who were present, not excepting Bruce and Baliol, the competitors, to acknowledge Scotland to be a fief of the English crown, and to swear fealty to him as their sovereign or liege lord. Robertson's History of Scotland. FEAL, a river of Ireland, which rises near Coolnakenny, in Limerick, and joins the Gale in Kerry county; after which it is called Cashin, and falls into the Shannon. FEAL DIKES, a cheap sort of fence common in Scotland; built with feal, or sod dug up by the spade, from the surface of grass ground, consisting of the upper mould rendered tough and coherent by the matted roots of the grass thickly interwoven with it. If only a very thin bit of the upper surface is pared off with the paring spade, the pieces are called divots. These, being of a firmer consistence, are more durable when built into dikes than feal, but much more expensive also. FEALTY, in law, an oath taken on the admittance of any tenant, to be true to the lord of whom he holds his land; by this oath the tenant holds in the freest manner, on account that all who have fee hold per fidem et fiduciam, that is, by fealty at least. This fealty, at the first creation of it, bound the tenant to fidelity, the breach of which was the loss of his fee. It has been divided into general and special: general, that which is to be performed by every subject to his prince; and special, required only of such as, in respect of their fee, are tied by oath to their lords. To all tenures, except tenancy at will and frank almoing, fealty is incident, though it chiefly belongs to copyhold estates held in fee and for life. The form of this oath is ordained by statute 17th Edward II. FEAR, n. s., v. a. & v. n. Sax. Fæn; Goth. faurhtan, to fear; Teut. vaer; Swed. fara; Isl. far; Norm. Fr. feer. Dread; dismay; terror; awe; ap Το prehension of danger; sorrow; the object or cause of fear in a theological sense, 'a reverential awe of the holy and infinite majesty of God.'' (Bp. Hall). See the fine description of this feeling in the extract from that author. fear is applied in all the various senses of the noun: as a neuter verb it signifies to live in dread or anxiety; to be afraid. The other derivations are varied by their terminations in the regular manner. be upon every beast. And the fear of you, and the dread of you, shall Gen. ix. 2. Except the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac had been with me. Id. xxxi. 42. Who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in Exodus. praises? When a man shall have stedfastly fixed his eyes upon the dread majesty of an ever-present God, and upon the deplorable wretchedness of his own condition, he shall be in a meet capacity to receive the holy fear, whereof we treat. Neither indeed is it possible for him to see that all-glorious presence, and not presently thereupon find himself affected with a trembling kind of awfulness: neither can he look upon his own vileness without an humble and bashful dejection of soul: but when he shall see both these at once-how can he choose but be wholly possessed with a devout shivering, and religious astonishment? Bp. Hall. Fear doth not more multiply evils, than faith diminisheth them. Id. Contemplations. He gave instances of an invincible courage, and fearlessness in danger. Clarendon. The flaming seraph, fearless, though alone Encompassed round with foes, thus answered bold. Milton. This is the natural fruit of sin, and the present re venge which it takes upon sinners, besides that fearful punishment which shall be inflicted on them in anocher life. Tillotson. Prior. So much she fears for William's life, That Mary's fate she dare not mourn. Fear, in general, is that passion of our nature whereby we are excited to provide for our security upon the approach of evil. Rogers. A propensity to hope and joy is real riches; one to fear and sorrow, real poverty. Hume. 'Tis matter of the greatest astonishment to observe the stupid, yet common boldness of men, who so fearlessly expose themselves to this most formidable of perils. Decay of Piety. For fame the wretch beneath the gallows lies, Disowning every crime for which he dies, Of life profuse, tenacious of a name, Fearless of death, and yet afraid of shame, Soame Jenyne. So fare we in this prison-house the world; And 'tis a fearful spectacle to see So many maniacs dancing in their chains. Cowper. The pigmy warriors eye with fearless glare The host thick swarming o'er the burdened air; Thick swarming now, but to their native land Doomed to return a scanty straggling band. Beattie. 'And is he gone?'-on sudden solitude How oft that fearful question will intrude? "Twas but an instant past—and here he stood! Byron. FEARNE (Charles), an ingenious lawyer of the last century, was a native of London, and educated at Westminster school. He afterwards became a student of the Inner Temple, and commenced practice as a chamber counsel and conveyancer, in which branches he attained the reputation of great skill and legal learning. He was the author of an Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises; A Legigraphical Chart of Landed Property: Observations on the Statute of enrollment of Bargains and Sales; and an Essay on Consciousness, or a Series of Evidences of a distinct Mind. He died January 21st, 1794, aged forty-five. FEASIBLE, adj. Fr. faisable, of Lat. FEASIBILITY, 12. S. facio, to do. Practicable; FEASIBLENESS, n. s. (evident; that which may FEASIBLY, adv. be easily done: feasibility is sometimes used for a thing practicable. Bishop Hall writes the other substantive, strictly according to its etymology, 'faisableness.' Let us enquire into the faisableness of this great improvement of our Christian diligence. Bp. Hall. |