FABRICIA, in botany, a genus of plants of the class icosandria, and order monogynia: CAL. five-cleft, half superior; petals five, without claws; stigma capitate; CAPS. many-celled: SEEDS Winged. Species two; natives of New Holland.

FABRICIUS (Caius), a celebrated Roman, who in his first consulship, A. U. C. 470, obtained several victories over the Samnites and Lucanians, and was honored with a triumph. The riches acquired in those battles were immense, the soldiers were liberally rewarded, and the treasury was enriched with 400 talents. Two years after Fabricius went as ambassador to Pyrrhus, and refused with contempt presents and offers, which might have corrupted the fidelity of a less virtuous citizen. Pyrrhus admired the magnanimity of Fabricius, but his astonishment was excited to the highest pitch, when the latter discovered to him the villany of his own physician, who had offered to the Roman general to poison his royal master. To this greatness of soul was added the most consummate knowledge of military affairs, and the greatest simplicity of manners. Fabricius never used plate at his table. A small salt cellar, the feet of which were of horn, was the only silver vessel which appeared in his house. This contempt of luxury he wished also to encourage among the people; and during his censorship he banished from the senate Cornelius Russinus, who had been twice consul and dictator, because he kept in his house more than ten pounds weight of silver plate. Such were the manners of the conqueror of Pyrrhus, who observed that he wished rather to command those that had money than possess it himself. He lived and died in virtuous poverty: his body was buried at the public charge; and the Roman people gave a dowry to his two daughters when they had arrived to years of maturity.

FABRICIUS (George), a learned German, born at Chemnitz in Misnia, in 1516. After a liberal education, he visited Italy in the character of tutor to a young nobleman; and, examining all the remains of antiquity with great accuracy, compared them with their descriptions in Latin writers. The result of these observations was his work entitled Roma, containing a description of that city. He afterwards settled at Misenum, where he conducted a great school till his death in 1571. He also wrote seven books of the Annals of Misnia, three of the Annals of Meissen, Travels, and many sacred poems in Latin.

FABRICIUS (Jerome), a celebrated physician in the end of the sixteenth century (surnamed Aquapendente, from the place of his birth), was the disciple and successor of Fallopius. He chiefly applied himself to surgery and anatomy, which he professed with great reputation at Padua for forty years. The republic of Venice settled a considerable pension upon him, and honored him

with a gold chain and a statue. He died in 1603; leaving behind him several works which are much esteemed.

FABRICIUS (John Albert), one of the most learned and laborious theologians of his age, was born at Leipsic in 1668. He lost his parents when very young, but was carefully brought up by his guardian, who sent him to Quedlinburgh school. In 1692 he was admitted a preacher, and was chosen professor of eloquence at Hamburgh in 1697. He died at Hamburgh in 1736, after a life spent in collecting and publishing valuable remains of the ancients. His principal works are: Bibliotheca Latina, 2 vols. 4to.; Vita Procli Philosophi, 4to.; Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti collectus, 8vo.; Bibliotheca Græca, 14 vols. 4to. A new edition of this stupendous magazine of learning has been published by Harles. Centuria Fabriciorum Scriptis clarorum, 8vo.; Memoriæ Hambergenses, 7 vols. 8vo.; Codex Pseudepigraphus Vet. Test. 8vo. ; Bibliographia Antiquaria, 4to.; Bibliotheca Ecclesiastica, fol.; Delectus argumentorum et syllabus Scriptorum, 4to.; Conspectus_Thesauri Literaria Italiæ, 8vo.; Salutaris Lux Evangelii, 4to.; Bibliotheca mediæ et infimæ Latinitatis, 5 vols. 8vo.

FABRICIUS (William), surnamed Hildanus, a famous surgeon, was born near Cologne in 1560. He became public physician at Berne, where he died in 1634. His Six Centuries of Observations and Cures were published in 1606, 4to.; besides which he wrote on Gangrene and Sphacelus; on Burns; Gun Shot Wounds; on Lithotomy, &c. The whole of his works were printed in folio, at Frankfort, in 1682.

FABRICIUS (John Christian), a modern entomologist of the greatest celebrity, was born in the duchy of Sleswick in 1742. After completing his studies, he went, at the age of twenty, to Upsal to attend the lectures of Linné. Having here conceived the idea of forming an arrangement of insects according to the structure of the mouth, Linné highly approved his plan, but declined introducing it into his Systema Naturæ. See our article ENTOMOLOGY. Fabricius now adopted the profession of medicine, and took his doctor's degree. Being afterwards appointed professor of natural history at Kiel, he devoted himself entirely to his favorite science; and published, in 1775, his new System of Entomology. Two years after he pointed out the classic and generic characters of insects, in a second treatise; and in 1778 published his Philosophia Entomologica, on the model of the Philosophia Botanica of Linnæus. From that period to his death Fabricius industriously employed himself in extending his system. His knowledge of all the branches of natural history was extensive, and he wrote many useful works in the German and Danish languages. He died in 1807.

FABRIC LANDS, in ecclesiastical affairs, those formerly given towards rebuilding or repairing cathedrais and other churches; for anciently almost every body gave more or less, by his will, to the fabric of the parish church where he dwelt.

FABROT (Charles Hannibal), one of the most celebrated civilians of his time, was born at Aix

in 1681; and acquired an extraordinary skill in the civil and canon law, and in the belles lettres. He published the Basilica, or Constitutions of the Emperors of the East, in Greek and Latin, with learned notes, in 7 vols. folio; and editions of Cedrenus, Nicetas, Anastasius, Bibliothecarius, Constantine Manasses, and Cujas, with learned and curious notes.

FACE', n. s., v. n. & v. a.
FACE-CLOTH,

FACE-PAINTING,
FACET',

FACING,

Fr. face; Span. haz; Port. faz; Ital. faccia; Lat. facies, from facio, to make, the face being the part that makes the distinction or identitye.' Minsheu. The visage or countenance; hence general appearance, presence, sight; also the surface or outward part of a thing, distortion or peculiarity; and confidence or boldness of face or character. As a verb neuter, to face, is to come with the face toward an object; to carry a false countenance or appearance: as an active verb, to meet in front, oppose or stand opposite to; cover with the outward layer or superficies; invest with any covering; oppose with boldness and impudence, or with success (as to face down, and face out): a face-cloth is linen cloth placed on the face of the dead: facepainting, portrait-painting. Facet (Fr. facette) is a diminutive of face, a small surface; applied particularly to the small supernicies of precious stones. Face to face is an adverbial expression for mutual presence.

Genesis.

And thou child schalt be clepid the profete of the higheste, for thou schalt go before the face of the Lord to make redy hise weyes. Wiclif. Luk. i. A mist watered the whole face of the ground. The children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses's face shone. Exod. xxxiv. 35. The breadth of the face of the house, towards the east, was an hundred cubits. Ezek. xli. 14.

It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have his accusers face to face. Acts xxv. 16. Now we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. I know how to content myself in others lust, Of little stuffe unto my self to weave a webbe of trust: And how to hyde my harmes with sole dyssembling

chere,

Let any one, even below the skill of an astrologer, behold the turn of faces he meets as soon as he passes Cheapside Conduit, and you see a deep attention and a certain unthinking sharpness in every countenance.

Tatler.

From beauty still to beauty ranging In every face I found a dart. Addison's Spectator. When it came to the count to speak, old Fact so stared him in the face, after his plain downright way, that the count was struck dumb.

Id. Count Tariff. We get intelligence of the force of the enemy, and cast about for a sufficient number of troops to face the enemy in the field of battle. Id. On the War.

This would produce a new face of things in Europe.

Id.

The fortification of Soleurre is faced with marble.

Id.

Because he walked against his will, He faced men down that he stood still. Prior. Where your old bank is hollow, face it with the first spit of earth that you dig out of the ditch.

Mortimer's Husbandry.

Seized and tied down to judge, how wretched I!
Who can't be silent, and who will not lye :
To laugh, were want of goodness and of grace;
And to be grave, exceeds all power of face.

Pope. The temple is described square, and the four fronts with open gates, facing the different quarters of the world.

Id. They are as loth to see the fires kindled in Smithfield as his lordship; and, at least, as ready to face them under a popish persecution. Swift.

The face cloth too is of great antiquity.-Mr. Strutt tells us, that after the closing the eyes, &c., a linen cloth was put over the face of the deceased. Thus we are told, that Henry the Fourth, in his last illness seeming to be dead, his chamberlain covered his face with a linen cloth. English Era, p. 105.

Brand's Popular Antiquities.

FACE comprehends all that part of the head

which is not covered with the hair. The human face is called the image of the soul, as being the seat of the principal organs of sense, and the place where the ideas, passions, emotions, &c., are chiefly set to view. It shows also the sex, age, temperament, health, disease, &c. As the index of the passions, habits, &c., of the person, it becomes the subject of physiognomy. See PHYSIOGNOMY.

measures.

ness.

"Tis pitiful

To court a grin, when you should woo a soul;
To break a jest, when pity would inspire
Pathetic exhortation; and to' address
The skittish fancy with facetious tales,

When sent with God's commission to the heart! So did not Paul.

Our word jealousies contains all the vowels, though three of them only were necessary: nevertheless in the two words abstemiously and facetiously the vowels exist all of them in their usual order, and are proDarwin. nounced in their usual manner.

And without turning his facetious head,

Over his shoulder with a Bacchant air,
Presented the o'erflowing cup, and said,

Talking's dry work, I have no time to spare.'
Byron.

FACIES HIPPOCRATICA, the aspect of a dying man, as described by Hippocrates, and so named by later physicians, who have made similar observations: it is when the nostrils are sharp, the eyes hollow, the temples low, the tips of the ears contracted and cold, the forehead dry and wrinkled, and the complexion påle or livid. See MEDICINE. The Hippocratic face is chiefly observed towards the period of phthises and other consumptions, and is held a sure prognostic of death. FACILE, adj. FA'CILELY, adv. FACILITATE, v. a. FACILITATION, n. s. FACILITY. ible: to facilitate is to from difficulty or obstruction.

Fr. facile, facilité; Span. facilidad: Ita!. facilita; Lat. facilis, facilitas, from facio, to do. Easy, pliant, flexmake easy; make free

Piety could not be diverted from this to a more commodious business by any motives of profit or facility. Raleigh.

Choice of the likeliest and best prepared metal for the version will facilitate the work. Bacon.

A war upon the Turks is more worthy than upon any other Gentiles, both in point of religion and in point of honour; though facility and hope of success might invite some other choice.

Id.

Facility is worse than bribery; for bribes come now and then but if opportunity or idle respect lead a Id. he shall never be without them.

man,

I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet, Hating that solemn vice of greatness, pride,

I meant each softest virtue there should meet, Fit in that softer bosom to reside. Ben Jonson..

The one might be as facilely impetrate as the other. Ld. Herbert. Facility of yielding to a sin, or wooing it with a voluntary suit, is a higher stair of evil.

Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

They renewed their assault two or three days together, and planted cannon to facilitate their passage, which did little hurt; but they still lost many men in Clarendon. the attempt,

The facile gates of hell too slightly barred.

Raphael now, to Adam's doubt proposed, Benevolent and facile, thus replyed.

Milton.

Id.

Id.

Too facile then, thou didst not much gainsay; Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss. By dividing it into parts so distinct, the order in which they shall find each disposed, will render the Evelyn's Kalendar. work facile and delightful.

To confine the imagination is as facile a performance as the Gothham's design of hedging in the Glanville. cuckoo.

Sidney.

Yet reason saith, reason should have ability To hold these worldly things in such proportion, As let them come or go with even facility. Though perspective cannot be called a certain rule of picture, yet it a great succour and relief to art, and facilitates the means of execution.

Dryden's Dufresnoy.

They who have studied have not only learned many excellent things, but also have acquired a great facility of profiting themselves by reading good authors.

Id.

"Tis a great error to take facility for good nature; tenderness without discretion, is no better than a more pardonable folly. L'Estrange.

The facility which we get of doing things, by a custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without our notice. Locke. He opens and yields himself to the man of business with difficulty and reluctancy; but offers himself to the visits of a friend with facility, and all the meeting readiness of appetite and desire. South.

This may at first seem perplexed with many difficulties, yet many things may be suggested to make it more facile and commodious. Wilkins.

Some men are of that facile temper, that they are wrought upon by every object they converse with, whom any affectionate discourse, or serious sermon, or any notable accident, shall put into a fit of religion, which yet usually lasts no longer than till somewhat else comes in their way. Calamy. What produceth a due quantity of animal spirits, necessarily facilitates the animal and natural motions.

Arbuthnot on Diet.

FACING, FAÇADE, or Revêtement, in fortification, is a strong wall of masonry, or other binding, built on the outside of the rampart and parapet, to prevent the soil of which they are composed giving way. When the revêtement of a rampart goes quite up to the top, four feet of the upper part is a vertical wall of three feet thick, with a square stone at the top of it, projecting about five or six inches, and a circular one below, or where the slope begins, of eight or ten inches diameter. When the facing is carried up as high as the soles of the embrasures, it is called a whole revêtement; but, when confined to the ditch only, it is termed a half-revêtement. These must depend on the nature of the soil, the facility of obtaining materials, the time that can be bestowed, the importance of the post, &c. Where difficulties occur, as also in temporary works, the facings are made with turf; in which case they are said to be gazoned.

FACIN'OROUS, adj. Lat. facinus, facinoris, from facio, to do, used both in a good and bad sense for great actions, but more commonly the latter. Extreme: extremely bad, or wicked.

"Tis strange, 'tis very strange, that is the brief and tedious of it; and he's of a most facinorous spirit that will not acknowledge it. Shakspeare.

FACT, n. s. Fr. fait; Lat. factum, from facio, factus, to do. A thing or effect accomplished: reality, as opposed to fiction or speculation; action; deed.

In matter of fact they say there is some credit to be given to the testimony of man; but not in matter of opinion and judgment: we see the contrary both acknowledged and universally practised all throughout the world.

Hooker.

As men are not to mistake the causes of these operatious, so much less are they to mistake the fact or effect, and rashly to take that for done which is not done. Bacon.

Those effects which are wrought by the percussion of the sense, and by things in fact, are produced likewise in some degree by the imagination: therefore if a man see another eat sour or acid things, which set the teeth on edge, that object tainteth the imagination. Bacon's Natural History.

I see the Levites, not long since, drawing their swords for God and Moses, against the rest of Israel; and that fact wins them both praise and blessing. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

Unhappy man! to break the pious laws
Of nature, pleading in his children's cause :
Howe'er the doubtful fact is understood,
'Tis love of honour and his country's good;
The consul, not the father, sheds the blood.

Dryden. Matter of fact breaks out and blazes with too great an evidence to be denied. South's Sermons. Manifold sins, though in speculation they may be separable from war, in reality and fact never fail to attend it. Smalridge. for such a conclusion. If this were true in fact, I do not see any colour Addison on the War. It is a point of fact on which every English gentleman will deterinine for himself. Junius. The facts which inspired writers relate are no less instructive than the doctrines which they teach.

Robertson's Sermons.

Fr. faction; Ital. fattione; Lat. factio, factionis, from facio, factus, to make, or do. A public, or busy party : dissension: factionary and factionist are old words hence tumult; discord for the promoters of faction or discord.

By one of Simon's faction murders were committed.
Shakspeare. Mac.
The queen is valued thirty thousand strong;
If she hath time to breathe, be well assured
Her faction will be full as strong as ours.

Shakspeare.

He has been known to commit outrages,

And cherish factions.

Id. Timon. Pr'ythee, fellow, remember my name is Menenius; always factionary of the party of your general. Id. Coriolanus.

He is a traitor; lead him to the Tower, And crop away that factious pate of his.

Shakspeare. Id.

Be factious for redress of all these griefs. There be that can pack the cards, and yet cannot play well: so there are some that are good in canvasses and factions, that are otherwise weak men.

Lord Bacon. By the weight of reason I should counterpoise the overbalancing of any factions. King Charles. Factious tumults overbore the freedom and honour of the two houses. Id.

I intended not only to oblige my friends, but mine enemies also: exceeding even the desires of those that were factiously discontented.

Id.

God and Moses knew how o distinguish betwixt

the heads of the faction and the train; though neither be faultless, yet one is plagued, the other forgiven. Bp. Hall's Contemplations.

By some needful act, to put a present restraint upon the wild and lawless courses of all their factious combinations abroad, and enterprises of this kind.

Bp. Hall. Some busy factionists of the meaner sort. Id. They remained at Newbury in great faction among themselves. Clarendon. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble; and harangues are heard; but soon In factious opposition. Milton's Paradise Lost. How from dissensions in opinion do violent factions and feuds rage!

Barrow.

Avoid the politic, the factious fool,
The busy, buzzing, talking, hardened knave.

Otway. Why these factious quarrels, controversies, and battles amongst themselves, when they were all united in the same design? Dryden.

It is thus with all those, who, attending only to the shell and husk of history, think they are waging war with intolerence, pride, and cruelty, whilst, under color of abhorring the ill principles of antiquated parties, they are authorising and feeding the same odions vices in different factions, and perhaps in Burke.

worse.

FACTION, in antiquity, a name given to the different companies of combatants in the circus. They were four; viz. the white, the red, the green, and the blue; to which Domitian added another of purple color. They were so denominated from the color of the liveries they wore; and were dedicated, according to M. Aur. Cassiodorus, to the four seasons of the year; the green being consecrated to spring, the red to summer, the white to autumn, and the blue to winter. It appears from ancient inscriptions, that each faction had its procurators and physician; and, from history, that party rage ran so high among them, that, in a dissension between two factions, in the time of Justinian, almost 40,000 men lost their lives in the quarrel.

FACTITIOUS, adj. Lat. factitius, from facio, to make. See FACTION. Made by art.

In the making and distilling of soap, by one degree of fire the salt, the water, and the oil or grease, whereof that factitious concrete is made up, being boiled up together, are easily brought to co-operate.

Forced into exile from his rightful throne, He made all countries where he came his own; And viewing monarch's secret arts of sway, A royal factor for their kingdoms lay. Vile arts and restless endeavours are used by some sly and venomous factors for the old republican cause.

South.

Asleep and naked as an Indian lay,
An honest factor stole a gem away:
He pledged to the knight; the knight had wit,
So kept the diamond, and the rogue was bit. Pope.
And, disclaiming all regard

For mercy, and the common rights of man,
Build factories with blood, conducting trade
At the sword's point, and dyeing the white robe
Of innocent commercial Justice red.

Cowper.

In the road of commerce,' said he, you will be

sure, by diligence and assiduity, though you have no capital, of so far succeeding as to be employed as a factor.

Franklin.

FACTORS are employed by merchants residing at other places, to buy or sell goods, negociate bills, &c., on their account; and are entitled to a certain allowance for their trouble. A supercargo differs from a factor in this: the business of the former is limited to the care of a particular cargo; he goes along with it, and generally returns when his business is completed: the latter has a fixed residence, and executes commissions for different merchants. A factor's power is either absolute or limited. Though entrusted with ample discretionary powers, he is not warranted to take unreasonable or unusual measures, or do any thing contrary to his employer's. interest; but it is incumbent on the employer, if he challenge his proceedings, to prove that he could have done better, and was guilty of wilful mismanagement. When a factor's power is limited, he must adhere strictly to his orders. If he exceed his power, though with a view to