Suspect my courage, if I should not lay, Id. Virgil. Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke. Full in the centre of the sacred wood, An arm ariseth of the Stygian flood. Addison. Till about the end of the third century, I do not remember to have seen the head of a Roman emperor drawn with a full face: they always appear in profile. Id. on Medals. Towards the full moon, as he was coming home one Wiseman. morning he felt his legs faulter. A gentleman of a full body having broken his skin by a fall, the wound inflamed. Id. Surgery. Water digesteth a full meal sooner than any liquor. Swift. After hard riding plunge the horses into water, and allow them to drink as they please: but gallop them full speed, to warm the water in their bellies. Id. For when his bright eye full our eye opposes None gains his glorious sight, but his own sight he loses. Fletcher's Purple Island. Glowing, and circumfused in speechless love, Their full divinity inadequate That feeling to express, or to improve, The gods become as mortals, and man's fate Your crimes Are fully proved by your accomplices, Sax. Fullian; Swed. fulla; Latin fullo. To FULLER, n. s. cleanse cloth from its oil FULLERY, n. s. or grease the money FULLINGMILL, n. s. paid for fulling or cleansing cloth: one whose trade is to cleanse cloth; the place where the trade of a fuller is exercised: and the fullingmill is a mill where the water raises hammers, which beat the cloth till it be cleansed. His raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on earth can whiten them. Mark ix. 3. The clothiers have put off Shakspeare. By large hammers, like those used for paper and fullingmills, they beat their hemp. Mortimer. FULL-BLOWN, adj. Full and blown. Spread to the utmost extent, as a perfect blossom: stretched by the wind to the utmost extent. My glories are past danger; they're full-blown : Things, that are blasted, are but in the bud. Denham. My full-blown youth already fades apace; Of our short being 'tis the shortest space! Dryden. He who with bold Cratinus is inspired, And steers against it with a full-blown sail. Id. FULL-BOTTOMED, adj. Full and bottom. Having a large bottom. I was obliged to sit at home in my morning-gown, having pawned a new suit of cloaths and a full-bottomed wig for a sum of money. Guardian, FULL-EA'RED. adj. Full and ear. Having the heads full of grain. As flames rolled by the winds conspiring force, O'er full-eared corn, or torrents raging course. Denham. FULLER (Andrew), a distinguished dissenting divine, secretary to the Baptist Missionary Society, was born at Wicken, in Cambridgeshire, in 1754. His father was a small farmer, who gave his son the rudiments of education at the free-school of Soham, and in 1775, on an invitation to become the pastor of a congregation at that place, he entered into the ministry and married. After a few years' residence at Soham, he accepted a similar charge at Kettering, where he wrote and published his Treatise on Faith. In the establishment of the Baptist Missionary Society, by Dr. Carey and others, Mr. Fuller exerted himself with great energy, and the whole of his future life was identified with its labors. He was also an able controversialist, and his treatise On the Calvinistic and Socinian Systems compared as to their Moral Tendency, attracted much attention. His other works, besides various published sermons, are Socinianism Indefensible; The Gospel its own Witness; Memoirs of Samuel Pearce; An Enquiry into the nature of Religious Declension ; Discourses on the Book of Genesis; Dialogues, Letters, and Essays, 12mo.; Apology for the Christian Missions to India, &c. &c. eulogy upon Mr. Fuller, from the pen of the Rev. Rob. Hall, is so creditable to both parties, that we must gratify our readers by subjoining it. It occurs in a controversial pamphlet, On Terms of Communion, respecting which Mr. Fuller differed with the writer. The 'It has been insinuated that the author has taken an unfair advantage of his opponents, by choosing to bring forward this disquisition just at the moment when we have to lament the loss of a person whose judgment would have disposed, and his abilities enabled him to do ample justice to the opposite side of the question. He can assure his readers, that none entertained a higher veneration for Mr. Fuller than himself, notwithstanding their difference of sentiment on this subject; and that, when he entered on this discussion, it was with the fullest expectation of having his opposition to encounter. At that time his state of health, though not good, was such as suggested a hope that the event was very distant which we all deplore. Having been led to mention this affecting circumstance, I cannot refrain from expressing in a few words the sentiments of affectionate veneration with which I always regarded that excellent person while living, and cherish his memory now that he is no more; a man, whose sagacity enabled him to penetrate to the depths of every subject he explored, whose conceptions were so powerful and luminous, that what was recondite and original appeared familiar; what was intricate, easy and perspicuous in his hands; equally successful in enforcing the practical, in stating the theoretical, and discussing the polemical branches of theology: without the advantage of early education, he rose to high distinction amongst the religious writers of his day, and, in the midst of a most active and laborious life, left monuments of his piety and genius which will survive to distant posterity. Were I making his eulogium, I should necessarily dwell on the spotless integrity of his private life, his fidelity in friendship, his neglect of self-interest, his ardent attachment to truth, and especially the series of unceasing labors and exertions, in superintending the mission to India, to which he most probably fell a victim. He had nothing feeble or undecisive in his character, but, to every undertaking in which he engaged, he brought all the powers of his understanding, all the energies of his heart; and if he were less distinguished by the comprehension, than the acumen and solidity of his thoughts; less eminent for the gentler graces, than for stern integrity and native grandeur of mind, we have only to remember the necessary limitations of human excellence. While he endeared himself to his denomination by a long course of most useful labor, by his excellent works on the Socinian and Deistical controversies, as well as his devotion to the cause of missions, he laid the world under lasting obligations.' Mr. Fuller died at Kettering in 1815. FULLER (Nicholas), prebendary of Salisbury, a learned English critic, who published, in 1617, Miscellanea Theologica in four books, and after wards two more of Miscellanea Sacra. He died in 1623, and there are some MSS. of his remaining in the Bodleian library. FULLER (Thomas), D.D., a learned English historian and divine, born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, in 1608. He studied at Cambridge, and was chosen minister of St. Bennet's. In his twenty-third year his merit procured him a fellowship in Sidney College, and prebend in Salisbury cathedral. He was afterwards appointed rector of Broad Windsor, and lecturer of the Savoy in London; but, upon the pressing of the covenant, he retired to Oxford, and soon after accompanied Hopton as his chaplain in the army, which he attended in their marches. Upon the Restoration, he recovered his prebend, was appointed chaplain extraordinary to Charles II., and created D.D. His memory was so excellent that he could repeat a sermon if he heard it but once. He wrote, 1. History of the Holy War. 2. The Church History of Britain, in folio. 3. Andronicus, or the Unfortune Politician, in 8vo. 4. A Pisgah sight of Palestine. 5. A History of English Worthies; and other works. He died in August, 1661. He was fond of punning: but once, attempting to play off a joke upon a gentleman named Sparrowhawk, met with the following retort: • What is the difference, said the Dr. (who was very corpulent) between an owl and a sparrowhawk? It is, replied the other, fuller in the head, fuller in the body, and fuller all over." In the Memoirs of Mr. Pepys, recently published, that writer says- Jan. 22nd, 1661. I met with Dr. Thomas Fuller. He tells me of his last and great book that is coming out: that is, the History of all the Families in England; and could tell me more of my owne than I knew myself. And also to what perfection he hath now brought the art of memory; that he did lately, to four eminently great scholars, dictate together in the Latin upon different subjects of their proposing, faster than they were able to write, till they were tired; and that the best way of beginning a sentence, if a man should be out and forget his last sentence (which he never was), that then his last refuge is to begin with an utcunque.'. His Worthies appeared in a new edition, with his life prefixed, in 1810, 2 vols. 4to. Fullers' earth is a marl of a close texture, extremely soft and unctuous to the touch: when dry it is of a greyish colour, in all degrees, from very pale to almost black, and generally has a greenish cast in it. The finest fullers' earth is dug in our own island. Hill's Materia Medica FULLERS' EARTH, in natural history, a species of clay, of a grayish ash-colored brown, in all degrees, from very pale to almost black, and it has generally something of a greenish cast. It is very hard and firm, of a compact texture, of a rough and somewhat dusty surface, that adheres slightly to the tongue. It is very soft to the touch, not staining the hands, nor breaking easily between the fingers. It has a little harshness between the teeth, and melts freely in the mouth. Thrown into water, it makes no ebullition or hissing; but swells gradually in bulk, and falls into a fine soft powder. It makes no effervescence with aquafortis. Bergman has given an accurate account of the fullers' earth of Hampshire; its color is brown, with a scarcely perceptible shade of green, and streaked with pale yellowish veins, with some slaty appearWater boiled on it for half an hour, though filtered, still retains so much of it as to diminish its transparency. In this water the solution of marine baro selenite discovers nothing vitriolic; but the solution of silver does indicate some traces of marine acid. If this earth be heated to redness, it blackens; but this blackness vanishes in a higher heat, which shows it to proceed from some vegetable or coaly matter. When heated it slightly decrepitates, and in a strong heat forms a brown spongy mass. Heated ance. with microcosmic salt, it at first effervesces slightly, but afterwards is scarcely acted on; borax corrodes it better, but consumes it slowly. Soda attacks it with considerable effervescence. By his analysis it contains 0.518 silex, 0.25 argill, 0.033 aërated calx, 0·037 calx of iron, 0-007 aërated magnesia, 0·155 moisture, or volatile matter. Though this earth contains 4 per cent. of substances that should effervesce, yet it does not effervesce with acids; which induces Bergman to think that the calx and magnesia may be chemically combined with the argill, and not merely mechanically mixed as in marls. It melts into a brown spongy scoria before the blowpipe. Its constituents, according to Klaproth, are, 53 silica, 10 alumina, 1.25 magnesia, 0-50 lime, 0-10 muriate of soda, trace of potassa, oxide of iron 9.75, water 24. In Saxony this earth commonly lies under mould; in England under sandstone or sand, and over sandstone or limestone; in Germany it is often found immediately under the soil. The best is procured from the counties of Surry and Buckingham. The greatest quantity, and the finest earth of this kind in the world, is dug in the pits at Wavedon, near Woburn in Bedfordshire. The strata in these pits lie thus: from the surface to the depth of six feet, there are several layers of sand, all reddish, but some lighter colored than others. Under these there is a thin stratum of sandstone, which they break through, and then they find the fullers' earth. The upper stratum of this is about a foot thick; the workmen call it cledge, and throw it aside as useless; being commonly fouled with the sand which covered it, and which insinuates itself a good way into it. After this they come to the fine fuller's earth, which lies eight feet deep. The matter of this is divided into several layers, there being commonly about a foot and a half between one horizontal fissure and another. Of these several layers, the upper half, where the earth breaks itself, is tinged red; which seems to be owing to the running of the water upon it from among the sands above; some of which are probably of a ferruginous nature, or have ferruginous matter among them. This reddish fullers' earth the workmen call crop; and between the cledge and this there is a thin stratum of matter, of less than an inch, which in taste, color, and external appearance, resembles the terra Japonica of the shops. The lower half of the strata of fuller's earth they call wall earth. This is untinged with the red color of the other, and seems the most proper for fulling. Under the fullers' earth there is a stratum of white and coarse stone about two feet thick. They seldom dig through this; out if they do, they find more strata of sand. Fullers' earth is of great use in scouring cloths, stuffs, &c., imbibing all the grease and oil used in preparing, dressing, &c., of the wool; for which reason it is made a contraband commodity, and is not to be exported under the penalty of 1s. for every pound weight. See FULLING. FULLERS' THISTLE, or weed, n. s. Dipsacus. plant. VOL. IX FULLING, the art or act of cleansing, scouring, and pressing cloths, stuffs, and stockings, to render them stronger, closer, and firmer: called also milling. Pliny, lib. vii. cap. 56, assures us, that one Nicias, the son of Hermias, was the first inventor of the art of fulling: and it appears by an inscription, quoted by Sir G. Wheeler, in his Travels through Greece, that this Nicias was a governor in Greece in the time of the Romans. The fulling of cloths and other stuffs is performed by a kind of water-mill, thence called a fulling-mill, or scouring-mill. These mills, excepting in what relates to the mill-stones and hopper, are much the same with corn-mills: and there are even some which serve indifferently for either use: corn being ground, and cloths fulled, by the motion of the same wheel. Whence, in some places, particularly in France, the fullers are called millers; as grinding corn and milling stuffs at the same time. The principal parts of the fullingmill are, the wheel, with its trundle; which gives motion to the tree or spindle, whose teeth communicate it to the pestles or stampers, which are hereby raised and made to fall alternately, according as its teeth catch on or quit a kind of latch in the middle of each pestle. The pestles and troughs are of wood; each trough having at least two, sometimes three pestles, at the discretion of the master, or according to the force of the stream of water. In these troughs are laid the cloths, stuffs, &c., intended to be fulled: then, letting the current of water fall on the wheel, the pestles are successively let fall thereon, and by their weight and velocity stamp and press the stuffs very strongly, which thus become thickened and condensed. In the course of the operation, they sometimes make use of urine, sometimes of fullers' earth, and sometimes of soap. To prepare the stuffs to receive the first impressions of the pestle, they are usually laid in urine; then in fuller's earth and water; and, lastly, in soap dissolved in hot water. Soap alone would do very well; but this is expensive: though fullers' earth, in the way of our dressing, is scarcely inferior thereto; but then it must be well cleared of all stones and grittinesses, which are apt to make holes in the stuff. As to urine, it is certainly prejudicial, and ought to be entirely discarded; not so much on account of its ill smell, as of its sharpness and saltness, which qualities are apt to render the stuffs dry and harsh. See CLOTH, WOOLLEN. The best method of fulling with soap is delivered by M. Colinet, in a memoir on that subject, supported by experiments, made by order of the marquis de Louvois, then superintendant of the arts and manufactories of France. 1. The substance of it is as follows:-A colored cloth, of about forty-five ells, is to be laid in the usual manner, in the trough of a fulling mill; without first soaking it in water, as is commonly practised in many places. To full this trough of cloth, fifteen pounds of soap are required; one half of which is to be melted in two pails of river or spring water, made as hot as the hand can bear it. This solution is to be poured by little and little upon the cloth, in proportion as it is laid in the trough: and thus it is to be fulled for at least two hours; after which it is to 2 X be taken out and stretched. This done, the cloth is immediately returned into the same trough, without any new soap, and there fulled two hours more. Then taking it out, they wring it well, to express all the grease and filth. After the second fulling, the remainder of the soap is dissolved as in the former, and cast four different times on the cloth; remembering to take out the cloth every two hours, to stretch it, and undo the plaits and wrinkles it has acquired in the trough. When they perceive it sufficiently fulled, and brought to the quality and thickness required, they scour it for good in hot weather, keeping it in the trough till it be quite clean. As to white cloths, as these full more easily and in less time than colored ones, a third part of the soap may be spared. FULLING OF STOCKINGS, CAPS, &c., should be performed somewhat differently; viz. either with the feet or the hands; or a kind of rack or wooden machine, either armed with teeth of the same matter, or else horses' or bullocks' teeth. The ingredients made use of herein are, urine, green soap, white soap, and fullers' earth. But the urine is also reckoned prejudicial here. Woven stockings, &c., should be fulled with soap alone: for those that are knit, earth may be used with the soap. Indeed it is common to full these kinds of works with the mill, after the usual manner of cloth, &c. But that is too coarse and violent a method, and apt to damage the work, unless it be very strong. FULL-EYED, adj. Full and eye. Having large prominent eyes. FULL-FED, adj. Full and fed. Sated; fat; saginated. All as a partridge plump, full-fed, and fair, She formed this image of well bodied air. Pope. FULL-LA'DEN, adj. Full and laden. Laden till there can be no more added. It were unfit that so excellent a reward as the Gospel promises should stoop down, like fruit upon a fullladen bough, to be plucked by every idle and wanton hand. Tillotson. FULLO (Peter), an heretical bishop of Antioch, in the fifth century, who embraced the Eutychian heresy, to which he added, that all the persons in the Trinity suffered on the cross; whence his followers were styled Theopaschatites. He usurped the see of Antioch from Martyrius in 471, for which he was afterwards deposed, but the emperor Zeno restored him. He died in 486. FULL-SPREAD, adj. Full and spread. Spread to the utmost extent. How easy 'tis, when destiny proves kind, Dryden. FULL-SU'MMED, adj. Full and summed. Complete in all its parts. The cedar stretched forth its branches, and the king of birds nested within its leaves, thick feathered, and with full-summed wings fastening his talons East and West; but now the eagle is become half naked. Howel's Vocal Forest. FULMEN, in mythology, the thunderbolt or weapon which Uranus presented to Jupiter for having delivered him from captivity, and which, according to Virgil, was forged by the Cyclops. The fulmen in the hand of Jupiter was represented in three different ways. The first is a sort of wreath of flames in a conical shape, resembling the stone commonly called a thunderbolt. This was adapted to Jupiter when mild and calm, and was held down in his hand. The second is a similar figure, with two transverse darts of lightning, or sometimes wings, and was given to him when in the attitude of punishing. The third is a handful of radiating flames, which Jupiter held up, when in the act of inflicting some exemplary punishment. The Jupiter Tonans is represented on antique medals, as holding up the triple-forked fulmen, and standing in a quadriga thundering with his rapid coursers, and throwing the fulmen out of his hand, which darts at the same time out of the clouds beneath him. On a gem in the Florentine Gallery Jupiter is represented driving his chariot against one of the giants, and grasping the fulmen as ready to dart it at his head The fulmen is also given to the eagle of Jupiter, who grasps it in his claws, and uses it in a similar manner to the thunderer himself. Minerva is also so armed on a medal of Syracuse, and, according to Virgil, she used it against Ajax the son of Oïleus for having ravished Cassandra in her temple on his return homeward from Troy. There is a figure of Jupiter in Buonarotti's collection at Florence, holding up the threeforked boat as just ready to dart at some guilty wretch; but with the conical body of the fulmen lying under his feet, as of no use in cases of severity. FULMINATE, v. a. & v. n. Fr. fulminer; Latin, fulmino. To thunder; to denounce and curse: the one is the prerogative of God, the other the frequent presumption of bigoted, intole rant, and blasphemous man. Fulmination is not only what is usually understood by thunder, but is applied to any loud crack, or rumbling noise, especially to that which accompanies explosion of any kind. I cannot fulminate nor tonitruate words To puzzle intellects; my ninth lap affords No Lycophronian buskins. Thomas Randolph. As excommunication is not greatly regarded here in England, as now fulminated; so this constitution is out of use among us in a great measure. Ayliffe. The fulminations from the vatican were turned into Id. Parergon. ridicule. Whilst it was in fusion we cast into it a live coal, which presently kindled it, and made it boil and flash for a pretty while; after which we cast in another glowing coal, which made it fulminate afresh. Boyle. In damps one is called the suffocating, and the other the fulminating damp. Woodward's Natural History. FULMINATING POWDERS. See POWDERS, FUL MINATING. FULMINATION, in the Romish canon law, a FULTA, a town of Bengal, on the eastern bank of the Hoogly or Bhagguarutty River, about twenty-five miles below Calcutta. At this place the English, who escaped the horrors of the black-hole, took refuge on ship-board in 1756, and continued here for nearly six months, during which they lost a great number of people, from the unhealthiness of the place, and their being much crowded. The anchorage is good here, being protected from the swell of the sea, and the bottom a stiff clay. Good water may also be procured; and there is an excellent market and FUMARIA, fumitory, a genus of the pentandria order, and diadelphia class of plants, natural order twenty-fourth, corydales: CAL. diphyllous: COR. ringent: there are two membranaceous filaments, each of which has three antheræ. There are many different species, all low, shrubby, deciduous and evergreen plants, growing from two to six or seven feet high, adorned with small simple leaves, and papilio naceous flowers of different colors. The most remarkable is the F. Officinalis, or common fumitory. It grows naturally in shady cultivated grounds, and produces spikes of purplish flowers in May and June. It is very juicy, of a bitter taste, without any remarkable smell. Its medical effects are to strengthen the tone of the bowels, and promote Shakspeare. As many farewells as be stars in heaven, With distinct breath and consigned kisses to them, He fumbles up all in one loose adieu. Id. Our mechanick theists will have their atoms never once to have fumbled in these their motions, nor to have produced any inept system. Cudworth. Am not I a friend to help you out? You would have been fumbling half an hour for this excuse. Dryden's Spanish Fryar. His greasy bald-pate choir FUME, n. s., v. n., & v. a.` FU'MINGLY, adv. FUMOS'ITY, N. S. FU'MOUS, adj. FU'MY. Id. Fr. fumée; Ita. fumo; Lat. fumus. Literally sinoke, or exha lation of any kind. It is not only applied to vapor, and to the volatile parts of bodies which fly off by heat, but to the rage and passion of the mind when expressed in empty sounding words: to any thing unsubstantial; to idle conceits; vain imaginations. Fumiga tion is a process of applying aromatic vapor, o smoke, for the purpose of medication or healing: scents raised by fire are likewise called fumigations. Fumosity is used by Chaucer, and signi fies the flatulent and steamy effect of excessive drinking: that which arises from the stomach thus disordered is denominated fume. Hir dremes shul not now be told for me : Of which ther riseth swiche fumositee Id. The Pardoneres Tale. That which we move for our better learning and instruction sake, turneth unto anger and choler in them: they grow altogether out of quietness with it; |