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straw-house may consist of pillars to support the roof, with about eight feet space between them, whereby a good deal of building will be saved. In the floor should be hatches, at convenient distances, to put down the straw to the cattle below.

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A court for the dung-hill (3) has a door to it from the feeding-house, and a large entry at the other end to admit carts to take away the dung: on the outside of this should be a urine-pit, in the most convenient place, according to the form of the ground; a cow-house (4) has a door also to the dung-court; and a calf-pen (5) with a rail across to keep in the calves, even though the doors are all open, adjoins; there is a stable, with a harness-room, and a place for keeping corn (6); a root-house (7), over which, or over the barn, may be a granary; a shed for carts (8); a place for keeping large implements, as ploughs and harrows (9); for keeping smaller implements, as spades, shovels, rakes, forks, &c., and for laying by old iron and many other useful things that might otherwise be lost or thrown away (10); a pond for washing the horses' feet (11); which slopes down from each extremity towards the middle, where it is deepest, that the botses may easily go in at one end, and come cut at the other, with a rail at each end, to prevent their going in during frost, or when not wanted to go; a pump, with a trough for the horses or cattle to drink in, especially while other water is frogen, or when the water in the pond is dirty (12); but, if it can be contrived so that the water which drives the mill may run through this pond, it will be preferable as being at all times clean and wholesome. One advantage of this arrangement, as Beatson remarks, is, that the fodder consumed upon the farm goes progressively forward from the barn-yard through the cattle-houses to the dung-hill, without the unnecessary labor generally occasioned by carrying it backwards and forwards. For it comes from the barn-yard into the barn, where it is threshed; it is then put in the strawhouse, and given to the cattle immediately below; and after passing through them, it is VOL. IX

thrown into the dung-court. A rick of straw, or hay, built behind the stable or cow-house, or in a shed contiguous to either, with proper conveniences, will have the same progressive course to the dung-hill; for, it will be observed, the communication from these is equally easy from without or within; the rail across the calf-pen being intended chiefly to keep in the calves, while the doors on each side are open when conveying the dung that way from the stable to the dung-hill.

The ground floor of the dwelling-house to this farmery (13), has a dairy, pantry, and various conveniences behind for keeping swine, poultry, coals, &c. The stair to the upper chambers rises from either side to the same landing-place; from whence are a few steps up to the chamberfloor.

The following diagrams represent the elevation, and two ground plans, of a farm-house on a large scale, and which might be extended to any size. The ground plan, fig. 2, is divided into a, the principal entry; b, the parlour; c, the family bed-room; d, the kitchen; e, the dairy; f, the pantry and cellar; the three latter being attached to the back part of the house by a continuation of the same roof downwards. By permitting the ceilings to be seven and a half or eight feet in height, some small bed rooms may be provided above them, having a few steps down from the floor of the front rooms, or a few steps from the first landing place.

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the back door of the kitchen enters into a brewhouse and wash-house; the fire place and copper being behind the kitchen vent. Beyond this brew-house is a place for holding fire-wood, &c.; in the back walls of which are openings to feed the swine at. In the kitchen is an oven; and below the grate an excellent contrivance for baking occasionally, but chiefly employed for the purpose of keeping the servants' meat warm. It consists of a plate of cast iron, with a door similar to that of an oven. The up-stairs part is divided in the front into two good rooms, and into two small ones on the back part, but may be easily subdivided where necessary.

pable of holding a bed, or in any other way that may be thought more convenient.

Fig. 3 exhibits another mode of dividing the ground floor, in which a is the parlour; b, the kitchen; c, the closet; d, the dairy; e, the pantry; f, the coal-house; g, the poultry-house; h, the pig-sty, which has an opening into the kitchen; i, the back entry. The chamber-floor may be divided likewise, where it is requisite, into two good bed-rooms, and a light closet caWEEKLY JOURNAL OF TRANSACTIONS, FROM

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3. On keeping Farming Accounts.-Sir John Sinclair strongly recommends accuracy to the gentleman farmer, as well as to the tenant, and furnishes the following models, chiefly adapted to the former, in his Code of Agriculture, 1820.

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State of Weather.

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Names of Men and Horses. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thur. Frid. Sat. No. of Days. Rate per Day.

Total.

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Threshed. Bought. Sold.

ACCOUNT OF CROPS.

Sown. Consumed.

Where, and by, Where sown. Ground.

whom consumed.

Quarters.
Bushels.

Quarters.

Bushels.

L.s.d.

Milked
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DAIRY ACCOUNT OF MILK, BUTTER, CHEESE.

Sunday. Mon. Tues Wed. Thurs. Friday.

Sat. Totalprice. Amount. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. Qts. Pts. S. d. £. s. d.

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'The account books of a common farmer,' says Mr. Loudon, may be a cash book for all receipts and payments, specifying each; a ledger for accounts with dealers and tradesmen; and a stock book for taking an inventory and valuation of stock, crop, manures, tillages (and every thing that a tenant could dispose of or be paid for on quitting his farm), once a year. Farming may be carried on with the greatest accuracy and safety, as to money matters, by means of the above books, and a few pocket memorandum books for laborers' time, jobs, &c. With the exception of a time book (such as is hereafter described), we should never require more, even from a proprietor's bailiff; to many of whom the nine forms just given would only puzzle ;—to some we have known them lead to the greatest errors and confusion. No form of books, or mode of procedure, will enable a farmer to know whether he is losing or gaining, but that of taking stock.

The Time Book, Mr. Loudon recommends, may be made useful, as he suggests, in every department of agriculture and on every scale of management, though most necessary for bailiffs, where a number of day laborers are employed on improvements. It is a folio volume, ruled so

as to read across both pages, with columns titled, as in the specimen annexed. In this the bailiff or master inserts the name of every hand; and the time in days, or proportions of a day, which each person under his care has been at work, and the particular work he or she has been engaged in. At the end of each week the bailiff or master sums up the time from the preceding Saturday or Monday, to the Friday or Saturday inclusive; the sum due or to be advanced to each man is put in one column, and when the man receives it he writes the word received in the column before it, and signs his name as a receipt in the succeeding column. The Time Book, therefore, will show what every man has been engaged in during every hour in the year for which he has been paid, and it will also contain receipts for every sum, however trifling, which has been paid by the bailiff for rural labor." In short, it would be difficult to contrive a book more satisfactory for both master and servant than the Time Book, as it prevents, as far as can well be done, the latter from deceiving either himself or his employer, and remains an authentic indisputable record of work done, and of vouchers for money paid during the whole period of the bailiff's services.'

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