leaping animal, called by some the flea grasshopper, by applying its anus close to the leaf, and discharging thereon a small drop of a white viscous fluid, which, containing some air in it, is soon elevated into a small bubble: before this is well formed, it deposits such another drop; and so on, till it is every way overwhelmed with a quantity of these bubbles, which form the white froth which we see. Within this spume it is seen to acquire four tubercles on its back, wherein the wings are enclosed: these bursting, from a reptile it becomes a winged animal; and thus, rendered perfect, it flies to meet its mate, and propagate its kind. It has an oblong, obtuse body; a large head with small eyes; four external wings, of a dusky brown color, marked with two white spots; the head is black. It is a species of CICADA, which see. FROUNCE, n. s. & v. a.. As a disease, from Arm: froeni, snivel; Welsh ffroen, the nose. A word used by falconers for a distemper, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Fr. froncer; Teut. fronsen, to frizzle or curl the hair about the face. This word was at îrst probably used in contempt. Her forhedde frounceles all plain. Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. Thus, Night, oft see me in thy pale career, "Till civil suited Morn appear; Not tricked and frounced as she was wont, Milton. The courtiers stared, the ladies whispered, and The empress smiled; the reigning favourite frowned→ I quite forget which of them was in hand Just then, as they are rather numerous found, Who took by turns that difficult command Since her first majesty was singly crowned. Byron. In their accelerated graves, nor will FROWY, adj. Musty; mossy. This word Or like not of the frowy fede, Spenser's Pastorals. surmountable barriers of ice obstruct all navigation far from the shores; and from this circumstance it has its name. The ice never breaks up until the end of July; and fogs, which resemble at a distance islands or vast columns of smoke, are constantly hovering over it. When the cold is at its greatest extreme, the horizon is clear. It has islands inhabited by white bears and arctic foxes. But no tides are felt in this ocean; a series of very irregular currents take their place; seldom setting one way longer than the wind blows, and running at very unequal rates. Whales are rare: the beluga is seen; and herrings, together with a small species of salmon, may be caught, but there are no traces of shell-fish. The Frozen Ocean receives some of the largest Asiatic rivers,as the Ob, the Lena, and the Kovima. The coast is generally high, formed by projecting promontories and exposed bays: it is covered with drift wood, from the mouth of the Kovima to Bacranof, in 168° 29′ E. long., but no farther east. On the coasts are numerous rein-deer, foxes, bears, wild sheep, and the whistling marmot: the bones of the mammoth, as they are called, are also found here. F.R.S. Fellow of the Royal Society. Pope. Shin in the dignity of F. R. S. FRUCTESCENTIA, from fructus, fruit, in botany, literally signifies the growth of the fruit, but is used elliptically for the precise time in which, after the fall of the flowers, the fruits arrive at maturity, and disperse their seeds. In general, plants which flower in spring ripen their fruits in summer, as rye; those which flower in summer have their fruits ripe in autumn, as the vine; the fruit of autumnal flowers ripens in winter, or the following spring, if kept in a stove, or otherwise defended from excessive frosts. These frosts, says M. Adanson, are frequently so pernicious and violent, as to destroy the greatest part of the perennial plants of Virginia and Mississippi, that are cultivated in France, even before they have exhibited their fruit. The plants which flower during our winter, such as those of the Cape of Good Hope, ripen their fruit in spring, in our stoves. VOL. IX. FRUCTIDOR (i. e. the fruit month, from Lat. fructus), the name of the twelth month, in the French revolutionary calendar. It begins August 19th, and ends September 16th. FRUCTIFY, v. a. & v. n. FRUCTIFICATION, n. s. FRUCTIFEROUS, adj. fertilise; to bear fruit. Fr. fructifier; Lat. fructifer. To Smake fruitful; to It watereth the heart, to the end it may fructify; maketh the virtuous, in trouble, full of magnanimity and courage; and serveth as a most approved remedy against all doleful and heavy accidents which befal men in this present life. Hooker. The legal levies the sovereign raises are as vapours which the sun exhales, which fall down in sweet showers to fructify the earth. Howel's Vocal Forest. Thus would there nothing fructify, either near or under them, the sun being horizontal to the poles. Browne. That the sap doth powerfully rise in the Spring, to put the plant in a capacity of fructification, he that hath beheld how many gallons of water may be drawn from a birch tree, hath slender reason to doubt. FRUCTUOUS, adj. Id. Vulgar Errours. Fr. fructueur; from fructify. Fruitful; fertile; impregnating with fertility. Say what you list, and we shul gladly here: And with that word, he said, 'In this manere: Telleth,' quod he,' your meditatioun ; But hasteth you; the sonne wol adoun: Beth fructuous, and that in little space; And, to do wel, God sende you his grace. Chaucer. Prologue to the Persones Tale, Apples of price, and plenteous sheaves of cor Oft interlaced occur; and both imbibe Fitting congenial juice; so rich the soil, So much does fructuous moisture o'erabound. Philips. FRUGAL, adj. Fr. frugalité; Lat. fruFRUGALLY, adv. galis, fruges, fruits: its FRUGAL'ITY, n. s. primary meaning is temperance. Thrifty; sparing; not profuse; not lavish; nor yet strictly parsimonious. Crabb acutely observes, The frugal man spares expense on himself or on his indulgences; he may however be liberal to others, whilst he is frugal towards himself; the parsimonious man saves from himself as well as others; he has no other object than saving.' As for the general sort of men, frugality may be the cause of drinking water; for that is no small Bacon. saving, to pay nothing for one's drink. Reasoning, I oft admire, How nature wise and frugal could commit you. Milton. Frugality and bounty too, Those differing virtues meet in Waller. In this frugality of your praises, some things I cannot omit. Dryden's Fables, Dedication. Mean time young Pasimond his marriage pressed, And frugally resolved, the charge to shun, To join his brother's bridal with his own. Dryden. If through mists he shoots his sullen beams, Frugal of light, in loose and straggling streams, Suspect a drizling day. Id. Virgil. The boundaries of virtue are indivisible lines: it is impossible to march up close to the frontiers of frugality, without entering the territories of modesty. Arbuthnot's John Bull. 2 U Fr. fruit; Welsh frwyth; Lat. fructus. The primary and comprehensive meaning of this etymon is production-it is applied first to inanimate nature; to the production of | plants, trees, &c.; next to the animal kingdom in the infinite variety of its offspring; figu You have many opportunities to cut him off: if your will want not, time and place will be fruitfully offered. Id. Neither can we ascribe the same fruitfulness to any part of the earth, nor the same virtue to any plant thereon growing, that they had before the flood. Raleigh's History. The Spaniards of Mexico, for the first forty years, could not make our kind of wheat bear seed; but it grew up as high as the trees, and was fruitless. Id. FRUIT AGE, n. s. FRUIT BEARER, n. s. FRUIT BEARING, adj. FRUIT ERER, n. s. FRUIT'ERY, n. s. FRUITFUL, adj. FRUIT FULLY, adv. FRUIT FULNESS, n. s. FRUIT LESS, adj. FRUIT LESSLY, adv. FRUIT GROVES, n. s. FRUIT'STER, n. s. ratively to the thoughts Where they sought knowledge, they did error find. FRUIT TIME, n. s. and imaginations of the FRUIT TREE, n. s. mind; and lastly, to the actions of men, to the advantages derived from them, and to their effects and consequences. Some of the derivatives have a precise and technical meaning, such as fruiterer, fruitster, and the words in composition. The illustrations of these are sufficient to convey the sense. -And other fel into good erthe, and it sprong up ་ Alas!' quod he, Arcita, cosin min! And, right anon, in comen tombesteres Id. The Pardoneres Tale. Spenser's Faerie Queene. Cans't thou their reckonings keep? the time com- When their swol'n bellies shall enlarge the fruit. By tasting of that fruit forbid, Enter the town which thou hast won, Davies. Ben Jonson. The remedy of fruitfulness is easy, but no labour will help the contrary: I will like and praise some things in a young writer, which yet, if he continues in, I cannot but justly hate him for. Id. Discoveries. Rich people who are covetous, are like the cypress tree; they may appear well but are fruitless. Bp. Hall. Serpent! we might have spared our coming hither; Id. If she continued cruel, he could no more sustain his life than the earth remain fruitful in the sun's continual absence. Id. CLOVES, NUTMEGS, PEPPER, and other, spices; which see in their order. Under the denomination of dry fruits are also frequently included apples pears, almonds, filberds, &c. FRUITS FRESH or recent, are those sold just as they are gathered from the tree, without any farther preparation; as are most of the productions of our gardens and orchards, sold by the fruiterers. FRUIT-FLIES, a name given by gardeners and others to a sort of small black flies, found in vast numbers among fruit-trees in the spring season, and supposed to do great injury to them. Mr. Leeuwenhoek preserved some of these flies for his microscopical observations. He found that they did not live longer than a day or two, but that the females during this time laid a great number of longish eggs. The gardeners who suppose that these flies wound the leaves of the trees, are mistaken it is true that they feed on their juices; but they have no instruments wherewith they can extract these for themselves; they feed on such as are naturally extravasated; and when there is not a sufficient quantity of these for their purpose, they haunt the places to which the pucerons resort, and feed on the juices which these little creatures extravasate, by means of the holes they bore in the leaves with their trunks. FRUIT-GATHERERS, in horticulture, are instruments much used in taking the fruit from the trees in preference to gathering it by the hand by which it is often much bruised &c., and also on high wall trees or espaliers where the hand cannot reach. The best of these instruments is one invented by Mr. Saul, of which the diagram annexed is a representation, a and b are a pair of cutters fixed to a pole which may be lengthened by means of screwed joints if necesssary. At the lower end of the pole is a lever c, which may be fixed by a screw and socket to any part of the pole. The lever d, of the moving blade b, has a spring under it, to keep it open, and from the end of d, a string passes over the pulley e, to the handle c. By means of the arch and joint at f, the cutters may be set at any required angle. When the fruit-gatherer is raised, so that the stalks of the fruit are included between the cutters, the string ce is pulled; the are cut, and the fruit drops FRUITS, in commerce, are distinguished into into the basket h. recent or fresh, and dry. FRUITS DRY are those dried in the sun, or by the fire, with other ingredients sometimes added to them to make them keep; imported chiefly from beyond sea, and sold by the grocers. Such are RAISINS, CURRANTS, FIGS, CAPERS, OLIVES, stalks FRUIT-TREES. See HORTICULTURE. FRUITION, n. s. Į Lat. fruor, to enjoy. FRUITIVE, adj. Enjoyment; possession; pleasure given by possession or use. Crabb says, that this word is employed only for the act of enjoying pleasures which are derived from Than thou canst be when thou dost miss. Cowley. Abstinence from ill-speaking he (the Psalmist) seemeth to propose as the first step towards the fruition of a durably happy life. Barrow. To whet our longings for fruitive or experimental knowledge, it is reserved, among the prerogatives of being in heaven, to know how happy we shall be when there. Boyle. FRUMENTARII, a kind of soldiers or archers under the western empire. The first mention we find made of these officers is in the reign of the emperor Adrian, who made use of them to inform himself of whatever passed. They did not make any particular corps distinct from the rest of the forces, but there was a certain number of them in each legion. It is supposed that they were at first a number of young persons, disposed by Augustus throughout the provinces, particularly on all the grand roads, to acquaint the emperor, with all expedition, of every thing that happened. Afterwards they were incorporated into the troops themselves, where they still retain their ancient name. As their principal office was the giving intelligence, they were often joined with the Curiosi, with whom they agreed in this part of their office. Their name is derived from their being also a sort of purveyors to the armies, cities, &c., collecting the corn from the several provinces. FRUMENTATION, in Roman antiquity, a largess of corn bestowed on the people. This practice of giving corn to the people was very ancient among the Romans, and frequently used to sooth their turbulent humor. At first the number of those to whom this largess was given was indeterminate, till Augustus fixed it at 200,000. FRUMENTY, n. s. Į From Lat. frumenFRUMENTACEOUS, adj. ( tum, corn. Made of grain; food made of wheat boiled in milk. FRUMP, v. a. To mock; to browbeat. FRUSH, v. a. & n. s. Fr. froisser. To break, bruise, or crush. A sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole, and at some distance from the toe: it divides into two branches, running towards the heel, in the form of a fork. I like thy armour well; I'll frush it, and unlock the rivets all, But I'll be master of it. Shakspeare. FRUSTRANEA POLYGAMIA. See BOTANY. FRUSTRA’NEOUS, adj. Lat. frustra. Vain; useless; unprofitable; without advantage. He timely withdraws his frustraneous baffled kindnesses, and sees the folly of endeavouring to stroke a tyger into a lamb, or to court an Ethiopian out of his colour. South. Their attempts being so frustraneous, and the demonstrations to the contrary so perspicuous, it is a marvel that any man should be zealously affected in a cause that has neither truth nor any honest usefulness in it. FRUSTRATE, v. a. & part. adj. FRUSTRATION, n. s. FRUSTRATIVE, adj. FRUSTRATORY, adj. vain; to nullify; defeat; disappoint. More. Fr. frustrer; Lat. frustror. To make The act of parliament which gave all his lands to the queen, did cut off and frustrate all such conveySpenser. ances. Few things are so restrained to any one end or purpose, that the same being extinct, they should forthwith utterly become frustrate. Hooker. It is an axiom of nature, that natural desire cannot utterly be frustrate. Id. I survive, Whom thus we stray to find, and the sea mocks The ruler of the province of Judea being by Julian busied in the re-edifying of this temple, flaming balls of fire issuing near the foundation, and oft consuming the workmen, made the enterprize frustrate. Raleigh's History. FRUSTUM, n. s. Lat. A piece cut off from a regular figure; a term of science. FRUSTUM, in mathematics, a part of some solid body separated from the rest. Thus, The FRUSTUM OF A CONE is the part that remains when the top is cut off by a plane, parallel to the base; and is otherwise called a truncated cone. The FRUSTUM OF A GLOBE, or SPHERE, is any part thereof cut off by a plane, the solid contents of which, may be found by this rule: To three times the square of the semidiameter of the base |