cayed state; and hence the epithet putre, used by Horace. It is now called Vocone.

. FAOUA, or FOUA, a town of Lower Egypt, on the east bank of the western or Rosetta branch of the Nile. It is supposed to be the ancient Naucratis, and was built by the Milesians in the reign of Psammitichus; it formerly communicated with Alexandria by the canal, but this is no longer navigable. Long. 31° E., lat. 31° 10′ N. FAOUET, a town of Brittany, France, on the Elle; in the department of the Morbihan. Population 2600. Twenty-eight miles west by south of Pontivy.

FAP, adj. Fuddled; drunk. It seems to have been a cant word in the time of Shakspeare.

The gentleman had drunk himself out of his five senses; and being fap, sir, was, as they say, cahiered.

Shakspeare.

Sax. peop; Isl. far; Belg. varre, ver; Goth. fiar; all, perhaps, from the Gr. Toppw, longe. To a great extent, in any direction; to a distance; in great part or proportion; in a certain point or degree. As

FARTHEST. an adjective, far means distant; remote; further: it is used also elliptically, for from a distant place; 'far off' expresses a great distance, or to a great distance; and off is joined with far, when the latter is not followed by a preposition, as, 'I set the nets far off,' meaning far from a supposed object. Respecting the comparative and superlative degrees of far, Dr. Johnson says (under farther'), that no analogy can make far into farther or farthest; but the fact is, the Saxon language is the direct origin of all these forms of the word, and has feor, feorre, and feorrest, in the three degrees. A far-fetch is a deep stratagem or trick. Farfetched, brought from far, or over-labored; farfet, a compound of far and fet, an obsolete synonyme of fetch. See FET: far-most, is a redundant superlative of far: the examples will explain the other compounds.

And Zacarye seyde to the aungel : whereof schal Y wyte this? for Y am old: and my wyf hath gon fer in bir dayes. Wiclif, Luk vii.

The yongere sone wente forth in pilgrimage into a fer cuntree and ther he wastide hise goodis: in lyuynge lecherously. Id. Luk xv. The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth. Deut. xxvii. 49. When they were by Jebus the day was far spent. Judges. Mark.

A man taking a far journey.

Beare the not proude, nor take not out of measure, Bylde not thyne house on heyth vp in the skye, Nonne falleth farre, but he that climbeth hye.

Sir T. More.

But yet more mindfull of his honour deare, Then of the grievous smart which him did wring,

These things seem small and undistinguishable, Like far off mountains turned into clouds. Id. York, with all his farfet policy.

Is it far you ride?

Id.

-As far, my lord, as will fill up the time "Twix: this and supper. Id. Macbeth.

Be factious for redress of all these griefs,
And I will set this foot of mine as far
As who goes farthest.
Id. Julius Cæsar.

I do not think
So fair an outward, and stuff within,
Endows a man but him.

If we may behold in any creature any one spark of that eternal fire, or any far off dawning of God's glorious brightness, the same in the beauty, motion, and virtue of this light may be perceived. Raleigh.

Not to resolve, is to resolve; and many times it breeds as many necessities, and engageth as fur in some other sort, as to resolve. Bacon.

Those countries have far greater rivers, and far higher mountains to pour down waters, than any part

of the old world.

Id.

Id.

Ah! hope not yet to breathe thy native air; Far other journey first demands thy care. From the same lineage stern Eetes came, The far-famed brother of the enchantress dame. Id.

Atlas, her sire, to whose farpiercing eye The wonders of the deep expanded lie; The' eternal columns which on earth he rears, End in the starry vault and prop the spheres. Id. Under this head we may rank those words which signify different ideas, by a sort of an unaccountable far-fetched analogy, or distant resemblance, that fancy has introduced between one thing and another; as when we say, the meat is green when it is half roasted. Watts.

His style was well suited to his thoughts, which are never subtilized by nice disquisitions, decorated by a sparkling conceit, elevated by ambitious sentences, or variegated by far-sought learning. Johnson. Life of Swift.

In shining rays the scaly monster spreads O'er ten square leagues his far-diverging heads; Or in one trunk entwists his tangled form, Looks o'er the clouds, and hisses in the storm.

Darwin. FAR, n. s. Contracted from farrow. The offspring of a sow; young pigs.

Sows, ready to farrow at this time of the year, Are for to be made of and counted full dear; For now is the loss of the far of the sow More great than the loss of two calves of the cow. Tusser.

FARADEESE, a town of Tunis, Northern Africa, not far from the sea-coast. It was an old Roman town, probably Veneria or Aphrodisium. The inhabitants in the sixteenth century were celebrated pirates and seamen. It is twelve miles west of Hamamet, and thirty south of Tunis. FARCE, v. a. & n. s. FAR CICAL' adj.

Fr. farcer; Italian, farcire; Lat. farcio, to stuff. The verb has

FAR CICALLY, adv. been rarely used in our language, except for what we now express by force' in respect to meat and pastry; to fill with mingled ingredients; but Shakspeare uses it for to extend or swell out. The substantive is applied to an irregular and mixed dramatic representation, stuffed with wild and ludicrous conceits,' as Dr. Johnson Says; but the old French verb farcer signifies to mock or laugh at.

'Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the mace, the crown imperial, The entertissued robe of gold and pearl, The farced title running 'fore the king.

Shakspeare.

Wrestling is a pastime which either the Cornishmen derived from Corineus, their first pretended founder, or at least it ministred some stuff to the farcing of that fable. Carew.

The first principles of Christian religion should not be forced with school points and private tenets. B. Sanderson. There is yet a lower sort of poetry and painting, which is out of nature; for a farce is that in poetry which grotesque is in picture: the persons and actions of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners false; that is, inconsistent with the characters of mankind: grotesque painting is the just resemblance of this.

Dryden's Dufresnoy.

It is not necessary that he should have recourse to images farcically low.

Langhorne.

To suit our author, and his farce,
Short let me be, for wit is scarce;
Nor would I show it, had I any;
The reasons why are strong and many.

Garrick.
Farce, comedy, and tragedy, Wilkes, Foote, and
Junius, united at the same time against one poor par-
son, are fearful odds.
H. Tooke.

FARCE was originally a droll, petty show, exhibited by charletans, and their buffoons, in the open street to gather a crowd together. The word is French, and signifies literally, stuffing; from the Latin farcio, to stuff. It was applied to this species of entertainment on account of the variety of jests, gibes, tricks, &c., with which it was interlarded. At present it is acted by comedians in the theatre, and becomes the entertainment of a polite audience. In other words, poets have reformed the wildness of the primitive farces, and brought them to the taste and manner of comedy. The difference between the two is, that comedy keeps to nature and probability, and therefore is confined to certain laws prescribed by ancient critics; whereas farce disallows all laws. Its end is purely to entertain; and it gathers some of its most effective materials from the wild and extravagant. Hence the dialogue is usually low, the persons of inferior rank, the fable or action trivial, and nature and truth every where heightened and exaggerated to afford the more palpable ridicule. See DRAMA.

FAR'DEL, n. s. Ital. fardello; Fr. fardeau. A bundle; a little pack.

Let us to the king: there is that in this fardel will make him scratch his beard.

Shahspeare.

Who would fardels bear, Id. To groan and sweat under a weary life? FARE, v. n. & n. s. Sax. Fanan; Goth. FAREWELL, adv. and Swed. faran, fara; Isl. fun, a journey. To go; to proceed; to succeed; to be in any state, good or bad; to be sustained; to take food: the substantive signifies, maintenance; food for the table; journey; passage; hence price of a passage, journey, or stage: as also the person carried or conveyed. Farewell is the imperative of fare, and well: we preserve the words separate in the plural fare you well,' and the Dutch and Swedish unite them as we do, in their vaarwel and farwal. It is a parting salute, with various degrees of compliment and kindness implied.

He found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish. Jonah. The rich man fared sumptuously every day. Luke. One knocked at the dore, and in would fare; He knocked fast, and often curst and sware, That ready entrance was not at his call.

Spenser's Faerie Queene.

So bids thee well to fare thy nether friend. At last, resolving forward still to fare, Until the blustering storm is overblown.

Id.

Id.

Farewell, thou fair day, thou green earth, and ye skies Now gay with the bright setting sun;

prevented him from continuing to the end of the work.

FARIA SOUSA (Manuel de), a celebrated Portuguese historian and poet, was born in 1590 in the province of Entre Minho y Douro. He devoted the early part of his life to the study of painting, but afterwards devoted himself to Greek and Roman literature, and was made secretary to the bishop of Oporto. Not inclined to the church, he left the service of that prelate, and obtaining the patronage of Pereira, secretary of state to the king of Spain, procured admission into the Portuguese order of the knights of Christ. He was employed in 1631 as secretary to the Spanish ambassador at Rome, whom he so offended, that on his return to Spain, in 1634, he was arrested, and at first closely confined. He was for several years a kind of prisoner at large at Madrid,

where he died in 1649. Faria was the author of an Epitome of the History of Portugal; a political and geographical survey of the territories

Our race of existence is run!

Farewell! if ever fondest prayer

For other's weal availed on high,

Mine will not all be lost in air,

But waft thy name beyond the sky. "Twere vain to speak-to weep-to sigh: Oh! more than tears of blood can tell, When wrung from guilt's expiring eye, Are in that word-Farewell!-Farewell!

FAREHAM. See FOREHAM.

Burns.

Byron.

FAREL (William), a protestant divine, born at Gap in Dauphiny, in 1498. He studied at Paris, but, having embraced the reformed religion, he thought it adviseable to leave France; and, after visiting several parts of Germany and Switzerland, he went to Geneva, where he labored with great zeal against popery, and was principally instrumental in establishing the reformation there. He was, however, banished thence, together with Calvin, in 1538, for refusing to submit to the synod of Berne. Farel afterwards settled at Neufchatel, where he died in 1565.

FARELLONES, rocks in the North Pacific Ocean, in two distinct clusters of three or four rocks in each, lying in a south-east and northwest direction from each other. The highest of the northern group lies fourteen miles S. S. W.; the southern cluster lies seventeen miles S. S. W. from Punta de los Reyes; a third cluster, scarcely above water, lies twelve miles S.S. W. from Punta de los Reyes.

FARELLONES, five islands of the archipelago or gulf of Chiloe. They are barren and desert.

FARGANI, ALFRAGAN, or ALFERGANI, a celebrated Arabian astronomer, who flourished about A. D. 800; so named from his birth-place, Fergan, in Samarcand. He is also named Ahmed Ben Cothair, or Katir. He wrote Elements of Astronomy, in thirty chapters, wherein he chiefly adopts Ptolemy's hypothesis, using his terms and often quoting him. Of this work there are three Latin translations; the last and best by professor Golius of Leyden, published in 1669, after his death. It is accompanied with the Arabic original, and with many learned notes on the first nine chapters, which Golius's death

quarters of the globe, entitled Asia Portuguesa, 3 vols. folio; Europa Portuguesa, 2 vols. folio; Africa Portuguesa, folio; and America Portuguesa; Commentaries on the Luciad of Camoens, Poems, &c.

FARINA FOECUNDANS, among botanists, the impregnating dust on the apices or antheræ of flowers. See POLLEN. The manner of gathering the farina of plants for microscopical observations is this: Gather the flowers in a dry sunshiny day at mid day, when the dew is perfectly off; then gently shake off the farina, or lightly brush it off with a soft hair pencil, upon a piece of white paper; then take a single talc or isinglass between the nippers, and, breathing on it, apply it instantly to the farina, and the moisture of the breath will make that light powder stick to it. If too great a quantity adhere to the talc, blow a little of it off; and, if too little, breathe upon it again, and take up more. Then, put the talc into the hole of a slider, and, applying it to the microscope, see whether the little grains are properly laid; lastly, cover them up with another talc, and fix the ring; but be careful that the talcs do not press upon the farina, so as to alter its form.

FARINA'CEOUS, adj. From Lat. farina. Mealy; tasting like meal, or flower of corn.

The properest food of the vegetable kingdom for mankind is taken from the farinaceous or mealy seeds of some culmiferous plants; as oats, barley, wheat, rice, rye, maize, panick, and millet.

Arbuthnot on Aliments.

In the roots of growing vegetables, as in the process of making malt, the farinaceous part of the seed is converted into sugar by the vegetable power of digestion, in the same manner as the farinaceous matter of seeds is converted into sweet chyle by the animal digestion. Darwin.

FARINATO (Paul), a celebrated painter of Verona, whose works exhibited the same freedom of design, and boldness of coloring and execution, to nearly the close of his life, which was protracted to the length of eighty-four years. He died in 1606. His mother is said to have died in childbed previous to his birth, which was effected by the Cæsarian operation. A romantic

FARM'ER, n. s.

story is told of his last moments. When on his death-bed he said to his wife, who was lying near him dangerously ill, Oh, my wife, I am going! 'I will go with thee!' replied she; and they died, it is added, almost at the same moment. FARM, n. s. & v. a. Į Sax. Feopm, provision or feeding; Fr. ferme; Goth. and Swed. fara (to cultivate). Ground cultivated, or let out for cultivation; the state of lands let out for culture: to farm is either to cultivate or let out land at certain rates for cultivation; hence to let out or bargain for the culture or current expenses of things or persons gene-, rally; thus we hear of farming out the poor,' but find, happily, no instance of it: it is also a common phrase among the agriculturalists of some districts that a man farms his own land.' A farmer is the actual cultivator of ground, whether his own or another's; one who rents any thing.

It is great wilfulnes in landlords to make any longer farms unto their tenants. Spenser. The lords of land in Ireland do not use to set out their land in farm, for term of years, to their tenants; but only from year to year, and some during pleasure. Id. on Ireland.

Thou hast seen a farmer's dog bark at a beggar, and the creature run from the cur: there thou might'st behold the great image of authority; a dog's obeyed in efice. Shakspeare.

We are enforced to farm our royal realm,
The revenue whereof shall furnish us
For our affairs in hand.

Id. Richard II.

Touching their particular complaint for reducing lands and farms to their ancient rents, it could not be done without a parliament.

Hayward. They received of the bankers scant twenty shillings for thirty, which the Earl of Cornwall farmed of the king.

Camden's Remains.

Nothing is of greater prejudice to the farmer than the stocking of his land with cattle larger than it will bear. Mortimer's Husbandry.

I entered on this farm with a full resolution, “Come, go to, I will be wise!" I read farming books; I calculated crops; I attended markets; and, in short, in spite of "the devil, and the world, and the flesh,"

I believe I should have been a wise man. Burns.
For gold the merchant ploughs the main,
The farmer ploughs the manor;
But glory is the sodger's prize;

Id.

The sodger's wealth is honour. FARM, FARIN, OF FERM, (Firma,) in law, signifies a country messuage or district; containing house and land, with other conveniences; hired, or taken by lease, either in writing, or parole, under a certain yearly rent. See LEASE. This in some parts is differently termed in Scotland, it is a tack; in Lancashire, fermeholt; in some parts of Essex a wike, &c. In corrupted Latin firma signified a place enclosed or shut in; whence in some provinces, Menage observes, they call closerie or closure, what in others they call a farm. We find locare ad firmam signifies to let to farm; probably on account of the sure hold the tenant here has in comparison of tenants at will. Spelman and Skinner however, derive the word farm from the Saxon fearme, or feorme, provision; because the country people and tenants anciently paid their rents in victuals and other necessaries, which were afterwards converted into

the payment of a sum of money. Whence a farm was originally a place that furnished its landlord with provisions. And among the Normans they still distinguish between farms that pay in kind, i. e. provisions, and those which pay in money; calling the former simply fermes, and the latter blanche ferme, white ferm. Spelman shows, that the word firma anciently signified not only what we now call a farm, but also a feast or entertainment, which the farmer gave the proprietor, for a certain number of days, and at a certain rate, for the lands he held of him. Thus fearme in the laws of king Canute is rendered, by Mr. Lambard, victus; and thus we read of reddere firmam unius noctis; and, reddebat unum diem de firma; which denote provision for a night and day, the rents about the time of the conquest being all paid in provisions; which custom is said to have been first, altered under Henry I.

It might have been expected, that the first essays of improvement on a farm, should have been, to make it both advantageous and delightful; but the fact was otherwise: a small spot was appropriated to pleasure; the rest was reserved for profit only. And this seems to have been a principal cause of the vicious taste which long prevailed in gardens. See GARDENING. It was imagined that a spot apart from the rest should not be like them; this introduced deviations from nature, which were afterwards carried to such an excess, that hardly any objects truly rural were left within the enclosure, and the view of those without was generally excluded. The first step, therefore, towards a reformation, was by opening the garden to the country, and that immediately led to assimilating them; but still the idea of a spot appropriated to pleasure only prevailed, and one of the latest improvements has been to blend the useful with the agreeable even the ornamental farm was prior in time to the more rural; and we have at last returned to simplicity by force of refinement.

The country in the time of our ancestors was neither entirely cleared nor distinctly divided; the fields were surrounded by woods, not by hedges; and, if a considerable tract of improved land lay together, it still was not separated into a number of enclosures. The farms, therefore, most approaching to this character, are those in which cultivation seems to have encroached on the wild, not to have subdued it; those, for instance, at the bottom of a valley where the sides are still overgrown with wood: and the outline of that wood is indented by the tillage creeping more or less up the hill. If the pastures are here broken by straggling bushes, thickets, or coppices, and the scattered trees beset with brambles and briars, these are circumstances which improve the beauty of the place; yet appear to be only remains of the wild, not intended for embellishment. Such interruptions must, however, be less frequent in the arable parts of a farm; there the opening may be divided into several lands, distinguished, as in common fields, only by different sorts of grain. These will sufficiently break the sameness, of the space; and tillage does not furnish a more pleasing scene, than such a space so broken, if