To counterfeit the dead image of a king in his coin is an high offence; but to counterfeit the living image of a king in his person, exceedeth all falsifications; except it should be that of a Mahomet, that counterfeits Divine honour. Id. Club and coffee-house gentlemen, petty merchants of small conceits, who have an empty habit of prating without meaning, always aim at wit, and generally make false fire. Saville. For how can that be false which every tongue Of every mortal man affirms for true?

Which truth hath in all ages been so strong, As, loadstone like, all hearts it ever drew. Davies. Men are spunges, which, to pour out, receive; Who know false play, rather than lose, deceive.

Donne.

Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, and all falieness or foulness of intention, especially to personated devotion. Hammond's Fundamentals. To seek to the second means, with neglect of the first, is the fruit of a false faith.

Bp. Hall's Contemplations. Artificer of fraud; he was the first That practised falsehood under saintly show.

Milton.

That Danubius ariseth from the Pyrenean hills, and that the earth is higher towards the North, are opinions truly charged on Aristotle by the restorer of Epicurus, and all easily confutable falsities.

Glanville's Scepsis. It shall be thy work, thy shameful work, which is in thy power to shun, to make him live to see thy faith falsified, and his bed defiled. Sidney.

Thou dost kill me with thy falsehood: and it grieves me not to die, but it grieves me that thou art the murtherer. Id. Suppose the reverse of virtue were solemnly enacted, and the practice of fraud and rapine, and perjury and falseness to a man's word, and all vice were established by a law, would that which we now call vice gain the reputation of virtue, and that which we now call virtue grow odious to human nature?

Tillotson.

His crest is rashed away, his ample shield Is falsified, and round with jav'lins filled. Id. I used the word falsify, in this place, to mean that the shield of Turnus was not proof against the spears and javelins of the Trojans, which had pierced it through and through in many places. The words which accompany this new one, makes my meaning plain : Ma si l' Usbergo d' Ambi era perfetto, Che mai poter falsarlo in nessum canto.

Ariosto, cant. xxvi. Falsar cannot otherwise be turned than by falsified : for, his shield was falsed, is not English. I might indeed have contented myself with saying, his shield was pierced, and bored, and stuck with javelins. Id.

The heart of man looks fair, but when we come to lay any weight upon it, the ground is false under us. L'Estrange.

Boasters are naturally falsifiers, and the people of all others, that put their shams the worst together.

Id.

and universally unlawful to lie and falsify. This point have we gained, that it is absolutely South.

Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or falsity of things; but only imports a different degree of their clearness or appearance to the understanding. Id.

All deception in the course of life is, indeed, nothing else but a lie reduced to practice, and falsehood passing from words to things. Id.

Simeon and Levi spake not only falsely but insidiously, nay hypocritically, abusing proselytes and religion. Government of the Tongue.

The poet invents this fiction to prevent posterity from searching after this isle, and to preserve his story from detection of falsification. Broome.

There are falsehoods which are not lies; that is, which are not criminal: as, where no one is deceived; which is the case in parables, fables, novels, jests, tales to create mirth, ludicrous embellishments of a story, form but to divert, &c. In such instances no confiwhere the declared design of the speaker is not to indence is destroyed, because none was reposed.

Paley. Moral Philosophy.

Our Saviour's prophecy stands good in the destruction of the temple, and the dissolution of the Jewish economy, when Jews and Pagans united all their endeavours, under Julian the apostate, to baffle and Addison. falsify the prediction.

Such as are treated ill, and upbraided falsely, find out an intimate friend that will hear their complaints, and endeavour to sooth their secret resentments. Id. Spectator.

He knows that to be inconvenient, which we falsely think convenient for us. Smalridge's Sermons. The prince is in no danger of being betrayed by the falseness, or cheated by the avarice of such a servant. Rogers.

False happiness is like false money, it passes for a time as well as the true, and serves some ordinary occasions; but, when it is brought to the touch, we find the lightness and alloy, and feel the loss. Pope. This superadds treachery to all the other pestilent ingredients of the crime; 'tis the falsifying the most important trust. Decay of Piety.

When Satire flies abroad on falsehood's wing, Short is her life, and impotent her sting; But, when to truth allied, the wound she gives Sinks deep, and to remotest ages lives. Churchill. It is more from carelessness about truth, than from intentional lying, that there is so much falsehood in the world. Johnson.

FALSE BAY, a bay lying east of the Cape of Good Hope; frequented by vessels during the prevalence of the north-west winds, which begin to blow in May, and render it dangerous to remain in Table Bay. It is terminated on the east by False Cape, and on the west by the Cape of Good Hope. It is eighteen miles wide at its entrance; and the two capes bear due east and west from each other.

FALSE IMPRISONMENT is a trespass committed against a person by arresting and imprisoning him without just cause, contrary to law; or where a man is unlawfully detained without legal process it is also used for a writ which is brought for this trespass. If a person be any way unlawfully detained it is false imprisonment: and considerable damages are recoverable in those actions. See IMPRISONMENT.

ALSE NEWS, SPREADING OF, in order to make discord between the king and nobility, or concerning any great man of the realm, is punishable by common law with fine and imprisonment; which is confirmed by statutes Westm. 1, 3 Edw. I. cap. 34; 2 Rich. II. stat. 1, cap. 5: and 12 Rich. II. cap. 11.

FALSI CRIMEN, in the civil law, is fraudulent subornation or concealment, with design to darken or hide the truth and make things appear otherwise than they are. The crimen falsi is committed, 1. By words, as when a witness swears falsely. 2. By writing, as when a man antedates a contract, or the like. 3. By deed, as when he sells by false weights and mea

sures.

FALSIFYING A RECORD signifies showing it to be erroneous. Thus lawyers teach, that a person purchasing land of another, who is afterwards outlawed of felony, &c., may falsify the record, not only as to the time wherein the felony is supposed to have been committed, but also as to the point of the offence. But, where a man is found guilty by verdict, a purchaser cannot falsify as to the offence, though he may for the time where the party is found guilty generally in the indictment, because the time is not material upon evidence.

FALSTER, an island of the Baltic belonging to Denmark, is separated from the east end of Laaland by Guldborg Sound, and from Man by

Grensund. It is eight leagues long, and from one to four broad, containing 150 square miles and 15,000 inhabitants. The south point, called Gieddesby Head, is high and remarkable. It is well watered and fertile, exporting 40,000 tons of corn, and, from the great quantity of fruit it produces, is called the Orchard of Denmark. It has a mineral spring, celebrated for its cures. The towns are Stubbekœbing on the north, and Nykobing on the west: the latter is considered the chief place, and has a royal castle; it has besides thirteen villages. The Trindel Reef, with but eight feet water, runs out to the south-east of the island. Isl. vaulttur, a stammerer; Span.

FALTER, v. a. & v. n. FALTERINGLY.

}

faltar, fortè à Lat. fallendo, Minsheu. To fail frequently in utterance; to stammer; hesitate; hence to fail generally: the use of falter, as an active verb, we should imagine to be a corruption from filter, in the instance Dr. Johnson supplies.

And faltering tongue at last these words seemed forth

Trembling every joynt did inly quake,

to shake.

Spenser's Faerie Queene. This earth shall have a feeling; and these stones Prove armed soldiers, ere her native king Shall falter under foul rebellious arms. Shakspeare

The pale assistants on each other stared, With gaping mouths for issuing words prepared; The still-born sounds upon the palate hung, And died imperfect on the faltering tongue. Dryden.

How far idiots are concerned in the want or

weakness of any or all faculties, an exact observation of their several ways of faltering would discover.

Locke.

He changes, gods! and falters at the question: His fears, his words, his look declare him guilty.

Smith. Barley for malt must be bold, dry, sweet, and clean faltered from foulness, seeds, and oats.

Mortimer's Husbandry. He found his legs falter. Wiseman's Surgery. How melts my beating heart! as I behold Each lovely nymph, our island's boast and pride, Push on the generous steed, that strokes along, O'er rough, o'er smooth, nor heeds the steepy hill, Nor falters in the extended vale below, Somervile. These arts in vain our rugged natives try, Strain out with faltering diffidence a lye, And gain a kick for aukward flattery. The bright tear starting in the impassioned eyes Of silent gratitude; the smiling gaze Of gratulation faltering while he tries

Johnson.

With voice of transport to proclaim thy praise.
Beattie.

For well did she know that my heart meant no wrong;
It sunk at the thought but of giving her pain:
But trusted its task to a faultering tongue,
Which erred from the feelings it could not explain.
Sheridan.

Then, soft as Elim's well,
The precious tears of new-born freedom fell.
And he, whose hardened heart alike had borne
The house of bondage and the oppressor's frown,
The stubborn slave, by hope's new beams subdued,
In faltering accents sobbed his gratitude.

Bp. Heber. FALUGA, a town in the pachalic of Bagdad, on the west bank of the Euphrates, whence an arm of that river issues to join the Tigris. twenty-five miles south of Bagdad.

It is

FAMA CLAMOSA, in the judicial procedure of the church of Scotland, a ground of action before a presbytery against one of its members, inde pendent of any regular complaint by a particular accuser. Any person of a good character may give to the presbytery a complaint against one of its members; but the presbytery is not to proceed to the citation of the person accused, until the accuser gives in the complaint, under his hand, with some account of its probability, and undertakes to make out the libel, under the pain of being considered as a slanderer. But, besides this, the presbytery considers itself obliged to proceed against any of its members, if a fama clamosa of the scandal is great This they can do without any particular accuser, after they have enquired into the rise, occasion, and authors of the report; it being a maxim in the kirk of Scotland that religion must suffer if the scandalous or immoral actions of a minister are not corrected. After they have considered the accusation, the rule is to order the party accused to be cited, and to draw out a full copy of what is reported, with a list of the witnesses' names. He is now to be formally summoned to appear; and has at least ten days' notice to give in his answers to the libel. If the minister appear, at the time appointed, the libel is to be read to him, and his answers are also to be read; and, if the libel be found relevant, then the presbytery is to endeavour to bring him to a confession. Should the matter confessed be of a scandalous nature, the presbytery generally depose him from his office, and appoint him in due time to appear before the congregation where the scandal was given, and make public confession of his crime and repentance. If a minister absent himself by leaving the place, and be contumacious, without making any relevant excuse, a new citation is given, and intimation is made at his own church when the congregation is met, that he is to be holden as confessed, since he refused to appear before them; and he is accordingly deposed from

his office.

FAMAGUSTA, a sea-port town on the east coast of Cyprus. It is about two miles in circumference; stands on a rock; and is surrounded by strong walls and a deep ditch, twenty paces in breadth. The walls, which are very thick, are flanked by twelve noble towers. This fortress serves as a prison for the chief malefactors of the island and other parts of the Turkish dominions. The town has two gates, with drawbridges, one to the land the other to the sea side. Famagusta was fortified in 1193 by Guy de Lusignan, and still farther strengthened during the period of ninety years when it was in the possession of the Venetians and Genoese. Many of the churches are now destroyed; and the whole place is in decay. The Latin cathedral of St. Nicholas is converted nto a mosque; and the harbour is little frequented. Here reside an aga, a cadi, and a governor of the castle. Famagusta is said to be the ancient Arsinoe. Here the Lusignans caused themselves to be crowned kings of Jerusalem. After belonging for a considerable time to different states of Italy, it was besieged by the Turks in 1570, and surrendered, after having sustained six assaults, in August 1571. The victors flayed

the commander of the garrison alive. During the siege 75,000 of the Turkish army, it is said, perished: and 140,000 bomb shells were expended.

FAMARO, or FAMARS, a town of France, in the department of the North, three miles south of Valenciennes. The French had a strong camp at this town on the 23rd of May, 1793, when they were defeated and driven from it by the combined forces, under the late duke of York and the prince of Saxe-Cobourg.

FAM'BLE, v. n. Dan. famler; Belg. fomeler, from Goth. fa, deficiency; paucity, and mal speech, says Mr. Thomson. To hesitate in the speech. This word I find only in Skinner.— Dr. Johnson.

FAME, n. s. French, fame; Ital. FAMED, part. adj. Span., Port., and Lat. FAME LESS, fama; Dor. Gr. paua; FAMOS'ITY, n. s. onu, to speak, probably FA'MOUS, adj. from Chald. 5, the FA'MOUSED, mouth. Parkhurst. FA'MOUSLY, adv. Common report; celeFAMOUSNESS, n. s. brity; universal and acknowledged distinction: famosity is synonymous with fame: fameless is without fame: famed, famous, and famoused, celebrated; renowned; much talked of

And Jhesus turnede agen in the vertue of the spirite into Galilee, and the fame went forth of him thorough al the cuntree. Wiclif. Luk. iv.

Henry the Fifth, too famous to live long; England ne'er lost a king of so much worth. Then this land was famously enriched With politick grave counsel; then the king

Id.

Id. Bacon.

Had virtuous uncles to protect his grace. I shall shew what are true fames. Pyreius was only famous for counterfeiting all base things; as earthen pitchers, a scullery, rogues together by the ears, and swine tumbling in the mire; whereupon he was surnamed Rupographus. Peacham on Drawing. Detraction's a bold monster, and fears not To wound the fame of princes, if it find But any blemish in their lives to work on.

I shall be named among the famousest Of women, sung at solemn festivals.

Massinger.

Milton's Agonistes. They looked on the particulars as things famously

spoken of and believed, and worthy to be recorded

and read.

New ways

Grew's Cosmologia.

To raise aloft, and wing my flight to fame. Dryden. I must attempt, my grovelling name Many, besides myself, have heard our famous Waller own, that he derived the harmony of his numbers from the Godfrey of Bulloign, turned into English by Fairfax.

Id.

Happy are those princes who are educated by men who are at once virtuous and wise, and have been for some time in the school of affliction; who weigh happiness against glory, and teach their royal pupils the real value of fame. Goldsmith.

If parliament were to consider the sporting with reputation of as much importance as sporting on manors, and pass an act for the preservation of fame, there are many would thank them for the bill. Sheridan.

His British fame; the popular celebrity of his despicable work, had preceded him, and rendered a particular report to his co-plotters unnecessary.

Cheetham's Life of Paine. FAMILIAR, adj. & n. s.- Fr. familier, faFAMILIARLY, adv. mille; Ital. famigFAMILIARIZE, v. a. liare, famiglia; FAMILLE, (Fr.) Span. and Port. FAMILY, n. s. & adj. familiar, familia; Lat. familiaris, familia. Domestic; relating to a family: hence affable; unceremonious; intimate with; frequent; easy as a substantive, an intimate friend, acquaintance, or supposed attendant spirit to familiarise is to make easy by habit or custom: a family, Lat. familia, from famul, or famulus, a servant, anciently and properly the servants belonging to one common master,' says Ainsworth. Those who dwell together; hence those who descend from a common stock or progenitor (for they commonly dwell together), and a course of descent or genealogy; and, in a very correct sense, a tribe, class, or species. En famille is a French phrase for in the manner of a family.

Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites.
Numbers.

I see not how the Scripture could be possibly made familiar unto all, unless far more should be read in the people's hearing than by a sermon can be opened. Hooker.

Let us chuse such noble counsel,
That war, or peace, or both at once, may be
As things acquainted and familiar to us.

Shakspeare.

The governor came to us, and, after salutations, said familiarly, that he was come to visit us, and called for a chair, and sat him down. Bacon.

There be two great families of things, sulphureous and mercurial, inflammable and not inflammable, mature and crude, oily and watry. Id.

A poor man found a priest familiar with his wife, and because he spake it abroad, and could not prove it, the priest sued him for defamation. Camden. It is mischief enough, if they can be drawn to a less dislike of ill; which now, by long acquaintance, is grown so familiar to their eyes, that they cannot think it so loathsome, as at the first view.

Bp. Hall. God loves at once familiarity and fear; familiarity in our conversation, and fear in his commands. Id. Contemplations.

Or changed at length, and to the place conformed In temper and in nature, will receive Familiar the fierce heat, and void of pain.

The genius smiled upon me with a look of compassion and affability that familiarized him to my imagination, and at once dispelled all fear and apprehensions. Id. Spectator.

When he finds himself avoided and neglected by his familiars, this affects him. Rogers.

We contract at last such an intimacy and familiarity with them, as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds. Atterbury. Pope.

They range familiar to the dome. They say any mortals may enjoy the most intimate familiarities with these gentle spirits. Id. Horace still charms with graceful negligence, And without method talks us into sense; Will, like a friend, familiarly conve The truest notions in the easiest wa If thy ancient but ignoble blood Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood, Go and complain thy family is young, Nor own thy fathers have been fools so long.

Id.

Id.

He was amazed how so impotent and groveling an insect as I could entertain such inhuman ideas, and in so familiar a manner, as to appear wholly unmoved at all the scenes of blood and desolation.

Gulliver's Travels.

Deluded mortals, whom the great
Chuse for companions tete a-tete;

Who at their dinners, en famille,

Get leave to sit whene'er you will. Swift. The night made little impression on myself; but I cannot answer for my whole family; for my wife prevailed on me to take somewhat.

Id.

One idea which is familiar to the mind, connected with others which are new and strange, will bring those new ideas into easy remembrance. Watts.

Prudent men lock up their motives; letting familiars have a key to their heart, as to their garden. Shenstone.

That he became at last ridiculously cautious, and would scarcely answer the most plain and familiar Franklin. question without previously asking mc.

Therefore in contemplation is his bliss, Whose power is such, that whom she lifts from earth She makes familiar with a Heaven unseen, And shows him glories yet to be revealed.

Cowper. Yet to the accomplished orator all this is so familiar, in consequence of being habitual, that, without thinking of his rules, or violating any one of them, he applies them all. Beattie. SIR P. I am convinced of it-Ah! it is a happiness to have a friend whom we can trust even with ene's family secrets. Sheridan.

who

FAMILIARS, in the inquisition, persons assisted in apprehending the accused, and carrying them to prison. They were assistants to the inquisitor, and called familiars, because belonging to his family. See INQUISITION. FAMINE, n. s. Fr. famine; old Fr. FAM‍ISH, v. Q. &v. n. famis; Ital. fame; Lat. FAM'ISHMENT, n. s. fames, hunger. Dearth; bunger; distress from want of food: to famish (apparently derived from the substantive) is to kill with hunger; to starve; hence to deprive of any thing essential to life.

Our castle's strength

Id.

Byron.

So when the famished wolves at midnight howl, Fell serpents hiss, or fierce hyenas grow!; Indignant lions rear their bristling mail, And lash their sides with undulating tail. Onward sweep the varied nations! Famine long hath dealt their rations. FAN, n. s. & v. a. Sax. Fann; Fr. van (for grain); Lat. vannus (that which causes light things to fly). An instrument used by ladies to cool themselves; an agricultural instrument for winnowing corn; any thing by which the air is agitated; any thing of the shape, appearance, or used for the purposes, of these instruments. To fan is to cool, ventilate, or winnow; also to increase, or make more vehement, a flame (as the agitation of the surrounding air does).

I have collected some few, therein fanning the old, not omitting any. Bacon's Apothegms. Flaile, strawfork, and rake, with a fan that is strong. Tusser. Not so the wicked; but as chaff, which, fanned, The wind drives, so the wicked shall not stand In judgment.

Milton. Calm as the breath which fans our eastern groves, And bright, as when thy eyes first lighted up our loves Dryden.

The fanning wind upon her bosom blows; To meet the fanning wind the bosom rose : The fanning wind and purling streams continue her Id. Cimon and Iphigenia.

repose.

She was fanned into slumbers by her slaves.

Spectator. For the cleansing of corn is commonly used either a wicker fan, or a fan with sails.

Mortimer's Husbandry

Famine, and Pestilence, her first-born son, Attend to finish what the sword begun; And echoing praises, such as fiends might earn, And Folly pays, resound at your return.

Id.

Loud o'er the camp the fiend of famine shrieks, Cails all her brood, and champs her hundred beaks. Darwin.

There sits quiescent on the floods, that show Her beauteous form reflected clear below,

VOL. IX.

E