Plant Allometry: The Scaling of Form and ProcessUniversity of Chicago Press, 17.10.1994 - 395 Seiten Allometry, the study of the growth rate of an organism's parts in relation to the whole, has produced exciting results in research on animals. Now distinguished plant biologist Karl J. Niklas has written the first book to apply allometry to studies of the evolution, morphology, physiology, and reproduction of plants. Niklas covers a broad spectrum of plant life, from unicellular algae to towering trees, including fossil as well as extant taxa. He examines the relation between organic size and variations in plant form, metabolism, reproduction, and evolution, and draws on the zoological literature to develop allometric techniques for the peculiar problems of plant height, the relation between body mass and body length, and size-correlated variations in rates of growth. For readers unfamiliar with the basics of allometry, an appendix explains basic statistical methods. For botanists interested in an original, quantitative approach to plant evolution and function, and for zoologists who want to learn more about the value of allometric techniques for studying evolution, Plant Allometry makes a major contribution to the study of plant life. |
Inhalt
Growth and Metabolism | 1 |
12 Growth and Development | 4 |
13 Multicellularity and Modular Construction | 7 |
14 Size and Shape | 9 |
15 Scaling Principles | 14 |
16 Dimensional Analysis | 23 |
17 The 23Power Law | 26 |
18 The 34Power Law | 34 |
General Considerations | 156 |
36 The Mechanical Scaling of Tree Height | 164 |
37 The Mechanical Scaling of Other Terrestrial Plants | 175 |
38 The Scaling of SelfThinning | 183 |
39 Summary | 187 |
Reproduction | 189 |
42 The Scaling of Reproductive Biomass | 193 |
43 Flowers Fruits and Seeds | 203 |
19 Growth and Time | 38 |
110 Photosynthesis and Two Physical Laws | 42 |
111 Organs versus Organisms | 53 |
112 Summary | 58 |
Aquatic Plants | 60 |
22 Absorption Coefficients of Water and Plant Cells | 62 |
23 The Package Effect and the Scaling of Cell Geometry and Shape | 66 |
24 The Transport Equations and Dimensionless Groupings of Variables | 75 |
Phytoplankton | 84 |
The Volvocales | 96 |
27 The Mechanics of Ciliary Motion | 108 |
28 Hydrodynamic Forces and the Mechanics of Attached Aquatic Plants | 113 |
29 Summary | 121 |
Terrestrial Plants | 123 |
32 Heat and Mass Transfer and Boundary Layer Resistances | 129 |
33 Stomatal Resistances | 139 |
34 The Mechanical Scaling of Foliage Leaves | 143 |
44 Branches and Reproductive Structures | 224 |
45 The Scaling of LongDistance Dispersal | 236 |
46 Size and Gender Expression | 246 |
47 Summary | 251 |
Evolution | 254 |
52 Heterochrony | 262 |
53 Heterauxesis and Allomorphosis | 274 |
54 On Being Small or Large | 290 |
55 The Scaling of the Plant Life Cycle | 300 |
56 The Evolution of Plant Life Histories | 307 |
57 Summary | 314 |
Epilogue | 316 |
Methods | 319 |
References | 363 |
381 | |
386 | |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
algae allocation ambient analysis of variance angiosperms average biological biomass boundary layer carpellate cell coefficient Cooksonia correlation data points data set denoted depends diaspore dicot diffusion embryophytes equation evolution evolutionary Figure flowers fluid flux density fruit function gametophytes gender expression genera geometric similitude geometry groups gymnosperm gynoecium heterochrony increase interspecific scaling leaf leaves length Log-log base LS regression mass measured mechanical metabolic morphological moss multicellular nested analysis nonwoody obtained from LS ontogenetic ontogeny organs petiole photosynthetic phyletic plant height plot pollen predicted prolate pteridophytes ratio regres regression analysis regression curve obtained reproductive Reynolds number scaling analysis scaling exponent scaling relation seed shape size-dependent variations Solid diagonal line species sphere spheroid spores sporophyte statistically stem diameter stomata structures surface area terete cylinder terrestrial plants tion tissues tree unicellular units values variables vascular versus volume wind speed Y₁ Y₂ Young's modulus
Verweise auf dieses Buch
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