What is meant by the term gender? Name the three genders and give examples of each.

What is a clause? An adjective clause? An adverbial clause?

Give sentences containing adjective clauses and adverbial clauses.

Use the forms of lie and lay in sentences. Which of these verbs is transitive?

Write sentences containing accept, lose, and loose.

CHAPTER SEVEN

LESSON 99

LITERATURE

1. Reading.

THE TEMPEST

Long before we saw the sea, its spray was on our lips, and showered salt rain upon us. The water was out, over miles and miles of the flat country adjacent to Yarmouth. When we came within sight of the sea, the waves on the horizon, caught at intervals above the rolling abyss, were like glimpses of another shore with towers and buildings.

Coming near the beach, I saw, not only the boatmen, but half the people of the town, lurking behind buildings; some, now and then, braving the fury of the storm to look away to sea, and blown sheer out of their course in trying to get, zigzag, back.

Joining these groups, I found bewailing women whose husbands were away in herring or oyster boats, which there was too much reason to think might have foundered before they could run in anywhere for safety. Grizzled old sailors were among the people, shaking their heads as they looked from water to sky, and muttering to one another; ship-owners, excited and uneasy; children, huddling together and peering into older faces; even stout mariners, disturbed and anxious, leveling their glasses at the sea from behind places of shelter, as if they were surveying an enemy.

The tremendous sea itself, when I could find sufficient pause to look at it, in the agitation of the blinding wind, the flying stones and sand, and the awful noise, confounded me. As the high watery walls came rolling in, and, at their highest, tumbled into surf, they looked as if the least would engulf the town. As the receding wave swept back with a hoarse roar, it seemed to scoop out deep caves in the beach, as if its purpose were to undermine the earth.

Undulating hills were changed to valleys, undulating valleys (with a solitary storm-bird sometimes skimming through them)

were lifted up to hills; masses of water shivered and shook the beach with a booming sound; every shape tumultuously rolled on, as soon as made, to change its shape and place, and beat another shape and place away; the clouds flew fast and thick; I seemed to see a rending and upheaving of all nature.

In the difficulty of hearing anything but wind and waves, and my first breathless efforts to stand against the weather, I was so confused that I looked out to sea for the wreck, and saw nothing but the foaming heads of the great waves. A half-dressed boatman, standing next me, pointed with his bare arm to the left. Then, O great Heaven, I saw it, close in upon us! - Charles Dickens.

2. Study of Selection.

Look up in the Glossary the pronunciation and meaning of the following words:

Finish the story of Lesson 99 by giving an imaginary account of the rescue; or discuss the United States Life Saving Service, following these topics:

(a) Life saving stations.
(b) Their purpose and equipment.

(c) The watch system.

(d) The patrol system.

LESSON 101 THE COLLECTIVE NOUN

1. Development.

1. A crowd of Little People was seen coming down the mountain.

2. The flock of sheep are scattering in many directions.

Select from sentence 1 a noun, singular in form, that is the name of a group of persons.

Select from sentence 2 a noun that is the name of a collection of things. Is it singular or plural in form? Such a noun is called a collective noun.

Learn:

A noun that names a group or a collection of persons or things is called a collective noun.

Is the verb in sentence 1 singular or plural?

What is the number of the verb in sentence 2?
Can you give a reason for the difference?

In sentence 1 we think of the crowd of Little People coming down the mountain together, as one person. In sentence 2 we think of the many sheep that made up the flock as acting separately.

Learn:

When the persons or things named by a collective noun are thought of as acting or being acted upon as a unit, a singular verb is used.

When the persons or things named by a collective noun are thought of as acting or being acted upon separately, a plural verb is used.

Explain the use of the collective noun in each of the following sentences:

1. His family are all away from home.

2. Our ball team has gone to play a game.

3. Our ball team are good players.
4. A fleet of airplanes was seen.

2. Written Exercise.

Write sentences containing the following collective nouns used as subjects. Be prepared to tell whether the group named in each sentence is acting as a unit or separately.

Repeat the following sentences to yourself several times and be prepared to take part in the rapid repetition of them in class, each pupil giving a sentence:

1. I give now.

2. I gave yesterday.

3. I have given often.
4. He gives now.
5. He gave yesterday.
6. He has given often.

7. We give now.
8. We gave yesterday

9. We have given often.

Answer the questions that follow, using gave, has given, or have given:

1. When did you give your mother that picture?

2. Did you give me your paper?

3. To whom has he given his skates?

4. What have you given your little sister?

5. Did you give me this book?

Be prepared to ask your classmates these questions and to judge the correctness of the answers.