MAINE.

Waterville College. The catalogue of this institution presents the following aggregate of students :-Medical 74; Seniors 9; Juniors 19; Sophomores 21; Freshmen 33-total 151. The following extract from the report of the Faculty furnishes a general view of the course of discipline, and the advantages expected from the somewhat novel plan of support.

"In the workshop, erected on the college premises, students are allowed to labor three hours a day. No student can long enjoy vigorous health, who spends less than this amount of time in exercise, and few require more. The labors of the shop consist chiefly in the use of carpenter's tools. This kind of exercise has many obvious advantages over every other. Agricultural labor, though it has much to recommend it, is not a neat and cleanly employment. It must be suspended during several months of the year, and is liable, in the most favorable season, to frequent interruptions.

"Gymnastic exercises were introduced a few years since into some of our higher seminaries; but as they have generally been discontinued, it is believed, the benefits anticipated from them were not realized. Many of them require sudden and violent efforts, which never have the salutary effect of moderate and equable exercise. Young men at College soon grow weary of these juvenile sports, when the interest, which their novelty awakened, has subsided.

"The labors of the workshop are manly; such as all can engage in, without any sacrifice of propriety. To most persons, the use of carpenter's

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&c.]

tools is an agreeable recreation. It furnishes a light and pleasant occupation for the mind, without which, exercise loses much of its beneficial influence. Such employment, regularly pursued during the intervals of study, has an effect on the morals of students not less important than its influence on their health.

"The student, while defraying by his labor, in whole or in part, the expenses of his education, obtains a knowledge of the use of tools-an acquisition which will be to him, through life, both agreeable and useful.

"The Philosophical Apparatus of the College was principally procured in London, by a distinguished Natural Philosopher, at an expense of $1500. A good Chemical Apparatus has also been obtained. The students have access to Libraries containing about 3000 volumes.

"The Academy, near the College, is under the direction of a Committee appointed by the Trustees of the College. It contains at present about eighty students. The Preceptor is a gentleman of high literary and scientific attainments. Good board, including washing, lodging, fuel, and lights, can be obtained in private families, for $1,50 per week."

VERMONT.

Gov. Palmer made his official message to the Legislature, on the 19th of October. It was more brief than usual, and more limited in the variety of the subjects to which it refers. After making some general observations on the duty of rulers, as respects the diffusion of knowledge and the means of education, the Governor directs the attention

of the Legislature to the subject of the Militia system, and suggests the expediency, either of attempting to prevail upon Congress to adopt some general system of classification and discipline, or of endeavoring to introduce improvements into the organization of the Militia of the state. Having been applied to by many persons, to take measures to prevent the introduction of contagion from abroad, which he considered as beyond the limits of his authority, he observes, that the Legislature must, if they think proper to establish quarantine regulations, pass the laws requisite to carry them into effect. He expresses his conviction, that a large majority of the people of the state are in favor of the rechartering of the Bank of the United States, and submits the question, whether any action of the Legistature on the subject would be likely to prove beneficial? Of Nullification, he speaks in a decided tone of condemnation. On the subject of imprisonment for debt, he declares, that he considers the statutes which authorize it as inconsistent with the spirit of the constitution. In conclusion, he expresses the hope that the different branches of the government may act together with harmony in the spirit of mutual forbearance and good will.

The Legislature adjourned on the 9th of November, after a session of more than four weeks. They adopted the following resolutions, the two first unanimously, and the last by a vote of

91 to 45.

Whereas, there exists in the country an organized and fearful opposition to the system of protection to domestic industry and enterprise, usually denominated the "American System," which has heretofore been considered the set

tled policy of the government, and whereas a proposition for the reduction of the Tariff duties, to an extent destructive to the leading interests of this portion of the Union, was made by the head of the Treasury Department, sanctioned by the Executive of the General Government himself, at the last session of Congress, which proposition may be resumed under the same auspices; therefore,

Resolved, The Governor and Council concurring herein, that our Senators in Congress be instructed to oppose any and every modification of the Tariff laws, which shall have any tendency to weaken or destroy their efficiency as a system of protection to domestic manufactures in their various branches.

And whereas, it is believed that the

prosecution, by the General Government, of works of internal improvement, of a character strictly national, is of the highest utility in developing and increasing the resources, as well as securing the defence of the country, and is, also, most intimately connected with the prosperity of its agricultural and commercial interests, therefore,

Resolved, The Governor and Council concurring herein, that our Senators in Congress be instructed, and our Representatives requested, to aid in procuring appropriations for such works of internal improvements as shall, in their opinions, be of great and national importance.

And whereas, it is believed that a Bank of the United States is indispensably necessary, as the fiscal agent of the government, as well as of the first utility in promoting and sustaining a sound currency in the country, therefore,

Resolved, The Governor and Council concurring herein, that our Senators be instructed, and our Representatives be requested, to use their endeavors to procure a recharter of the present Bank of the United States, with such powers and provisions as they shall deem most proper for the attainment of the objects of its institution, and most conducive to the general welfare.

MASSACHUSETTS.

The Salt Manufacture. About 10,000 feet have been added to the salt manufactories in Barnstable county, during the present year. The whole number of feet now amounts to about 1,425,000. The average quantity of salt manufactured to the thousand feet is less, during the present season, than on the preceding. The whole amount made in the county during 1832 is about 356,250 bushels.

Amherst College. It appears by the catalogue just published, that there are now in this flourishing institution, 41 Seniors, 50 Juniors, 64 Sophomores, 72 Freshmen-total 227. The following statement of the yearly expenses of a student is added to the catalogue :— Tuition, $9,00 per term, $27,00 $27,00 Other College Charges, $5,00 per term,

Board, from $1,00 to $1,50 per
week,

Fuel and light, from $8,00 to
$10,00 per year,
Washing from 12 to 20 cents per
week,

Amount per year,

15,00

15,00

41,00 to 62,00

8,00 - 10,00

5,00 - 8,00

$96,00 to 122,00.

Within the past year, the College has received, from Europe, Philosophi

The

cal and Chemical Apparatus and Books, to the value of $8,000. The apparatus, selected with great care by Professor Hovey, in Paris and London, is very complete, and well adapted for illustrating all the important principles of physical science, and for accurate observations in practical astronomy. books, selected chiefly in the same cities, consist mostly of standard works in the various departments of science and literature, in the English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek languages. They will nfake an addition to the Čollege Library of more than 2,000 volumes; so that it now contains between 4,000 and 5,000. The libraries of the three literary societies in College have also been hereby increased; so that they now amount to more than 2,000 volumes each.

RHODE-ISLAND.

The Legislature convened at Providence on the last Tuesday of October. On calling the members of the House, sixty-eight answered to their names, and four only were absent. Joseph L. Tillinghast and William Sprague, Jr. were put in nomination for the office of Speaker, and four ballotings took place, on each of which the votes were equally divided, there being thirty-three for each candidate. It was then suggested that two of the absent members would attend in the afternoon, and a recess was agreed to. In the afternoon, the balloting was resumed, with the same result as before, until, on the twelfth balloting, one of the four members having taken his seat, Mr. Sprague was elected by a majority of a single vote. George Turner and Jonah Titus were elected Clerks of the House, the latter by the casting vote of the Speaker. On Wednesday, the report of a committee on the votes for general officers was received. It appeared that the whole number of votes given for Governor at the late election was 6834, of which Mr. Arnold had 3100, Mr. Fenner 2747, Mr. Sprague 976, and 2 were scattering. There was therefore no choice. The result was the same as respected a Lieutenant-Governor and Senators. The election of a Senator, in the Congress of the United States, in the place of Mr. Robbins, whose term of office will expire on the 3d of March next, was postponed by the House of Representatives until January next. The vote on the question of postponement was as follows: for the motion, 34; against it, 34; and it was decided in the affirmative by the casting vote of the Speaker. The Report of the

ernor.

NEW-JERSEY.

The Legislature assembled on Friday, Oct. 26, at Trenton. In joint meeting of the two branches, the Hon. SAMUEL L. SOUTHARD was elected Governor, by a vote of 41 to 23. The opposing candidate was Gov. Vroom. Several other state officers were chosen by a similar majority. JOSEPH C. HORNBLOWER was appointed Chief Justice, in place of the late Chief Justice Ewing. On presenting himself before the Legislature to take the oath of office, Gov. Southard made a speech from which the following is an extract:

"The proper course for state officers, is to exercise fully and faithfully the powers given to them, and to resist encroachments upon them; but not to act as guardians, and render void the acts of others, whom their common masters have deputed to perform other services connected with their rights and interests. They may not do it unless the authority has been given to them; and in our state constitution to act, no such guardianship is prescrib

our warrant

ed. The correction of errors is to be found in the power of those who can recall the authority, and in that tribunal which has been constituted to declare the limits of the grant and the conformity of their actions with those limits. To these sources of control it is wise to leave the correction of errors. The Supreme Court of the United States has been found a safe and sure guard against encroachments of the one upon the other-and to its authority it is right to yield, as we would to the higher power, the people, which created us and it.

"This tribunal is not only the expounder of the relative powers of the two governments, but the arbiter of controversies between the states-the substitute, in our system, of wisdom and law, for force-the Amphictyonic Council, which, while it remains uncorrupt, will not fail to guard, with equal firmness, the weak and the strong. It is not in the view which I take of constitutional principles, wise, in the feeble members of the Union, to deprecate its authority, or weaken its influence; and especially in the people of New-Jersey, who have appealed to its decision for the peaceful adjustment of claims which they regard as dear to their interests and honor.

"In looking for a guide to direct me in the discharge of my duties, I shall seek it in the letter and spirit of the constitutions of the State and the Union, and of the laws passed and approved as in conformity with them. To this I shall presently be bound by the oaths which I am about to take. My mode of construing them, is, to seek the obvious meaning of those who created them, and not to carry their provisions beyond the expression and manifest design. In doing this, my own judgement and conscience must guide me, wherever their construction has not been authoritatively fixed by those who have this right in the last resort. To that I must yieldand it will be sometimes required of me, by what has appeared to me to be encroachments on our State Constitution. But my own judgement is not to be deemed infallible. The will of the officer is not the constitution. The people of New-Jersey made the constitutionthey have a right to say what was their meaning-and when they have said it, either by themselves or their constituted agents, their decision is binding, even upon the consciences of those who have to act for them. If there be error in the decision, the remedy is not to be found in disobeying and disregarding it; but by seeking, in a proper source,

a correction of the error. A different course savors of presumption, and leads in the end to tyranny. It is unbecoming in him who is but a fiduciarywhose office was not created for him and his benefit, but for them and their interests-is but an agency under the people, the great principal.'

PENNSYLVANIA..

Anniversary of the Landing of William Penn. Wednesday, the 24th of October, being the 150th Anniversary of the Landing of William Penn, a discourse was delivered before the Society instituted for the purpose of commemorating that event, by Peter Stephen Duponceau, LL.D. at the spacious and elegant saloon of the Adelphi Building, Philadelphia. The discourse was worthy of the learned and eloquent author; who, in a series of views of the three half-centuries which have elapsed since the foundation of the Commonwealth, gave a masterly delineation of her rise, progress, and present condition, illustrated by graphic sketches of the principal persons who have been distinguished in her history. The thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to Mr. Duponceau.

MARYLAND.

Improvement in Manufacture. A valuable improvement in the mode of manufacturing flour, in order to preserve it in a sweet and sound condition for a long period, has been for some time past, in practical operation at the Flouring Mill of Nathan Tyson, on Jones's Falls. On various occasions, in the shipment of flour to hot climates, or to the distant ports in the Pacific, merchants have sustained material losses, in consequence of the article having proved sour and unsound on its arrival out, in spite of all the care that had been employed in the selection of wheat and its conversion to flour. To obviate this difficulty, is the design of this improvement, and the inventor, acting on the principle, that by removing the cause, the effect will also necessarily be removed, has erected, on one side of his mill, a furnace with drying cylinders, by means of which, after the flour is ground and bolted in the usual way, it is deprived of all its moisturethe substance which it is believed is the primary cause of its fermentation, and becoming sour and hard. The apparatus is simple, economical, and efficient, and the heat, being applied externally to the cylinders, does its office without in any way affecting or altering the

original flavor of the flour. As far as the article made in this way has been submitted to the test of experiment, the result has been perfectly satisfactory. A small parcel has been sent to Rio de Janeiro, and brought back again to Baltimore, and is as sound and good now, as at the time of its manufacture. The real value of the improvement can, of course, only be fully tested in a more enlarged field of experiment, and to a trial of this kind it is now submitting, in a cargo of two thousand barrels, despatched on a distant voyage. Should the process be successful in furnishing so important an article as flour, divested of its ordinary tendency to spoil, it will prove invaluable for the purposes of commerce.

VIRGINIA.

Historical and Philosophical Society. A number of gentlemen, from different parts of the state, met at the capitol in Richmond, in January last, and laid the foundation of a society which is called, "The Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society." The leading objects of this society, are, to procure and preserve whatever relates to the natural, civil, and literary history of this state, and to patronize, as far as practicable, all those sciences and arts which have a direct tendency to promote the best interests of the citizens. The first object of the society, to which immediate and particular attention is solicited, is to collect the materials for a complete and authentic history of the state.

Another object, which the society has particularly in view, is to obtain and preserve every species of information concerning the mineralogy, geology, and botany of the different parts of

the state.

The annual meetings of the society will be held on the first Monday in January, when public addresses will be delivered, and such essays and other communications read before the society as may have been prepared for that purpose; and also a full statement will be made of all the facts, relating to any of the subjects that come within the scope of the society. It is probable that as soon as a sufficient quantity of important matter is collected, the society will publish a series of collections, for the benefit of the public.

University of Virginia. There are now at the University 138 students who have matriculated, and 2 others in the College who intend doing so in a short time-making 140. This is said to be the largest number that have matricu

SOUTH-CAROLINA.

The Legislature, in obedience to the proclamation of the Governor, assembled at Columbia on the 22d of October, when Henry Deas was re-elected President of the Senate, and H. L. Pinckney Speaker of the House of Representatives. The message of Governor Hamilton was communicated on the same day to both branches of the Legislature. The Governor begins with observing, that he should have convoked the Legislature at an earlier period, had it not been desirable, that the people of South-Carolina should have a previous opportunity of passing judgement upon the proceedings of Congress at their last session. That opportunity has been given, and the judgement has been, in his opinion, auspicious, elevated, and decisive. He denounces the Tariff act of 1832, as destitute of every feature of equality and justice; insists that it levies three-fourths of the whole amount of the Federal revenue, on the industry of the southern states, and that the reduction of duties effected by it will not exceed four millions and a half of dollars, while it will produce nine million dollars of surplus revenue; and declares, that although designed to subserve the great struggle for the Executive power of the country, it is not temporary in its nature, and if modified hereafter, will be changed only to be rendered more oppressive, "as cupidity shall be instructed by experience.' To submit to this system, which he styles an infraction of the constitution, is regarded by his Excellency as an acquiescence in voluntary servitude. The Legislature having been elected to resist all encroachments on the spirit of the Constitution, and public sentiment having pointed to a convention as the best means of resistance, he proceeds to recommend that measures be immediately taken for the meeting of such a body. It will be "the blessed means of