it is the labor of the missionaries to destroy. There is a good number of wood cuts, illustrating temples, manner of worship, &c. &c. To us it appears that considerable labor has been required to make so thorough an account of missionary transactions; for the intelligence must have been spread over many books, especially periodicals. It is altogether a neat volume, and profitable to have, both for reading and ref

erence.

worthy of all praise. After describing very rapidly the different features of the country as they appear to a traveler, as he goes from the north to the south, the

author says

It is in no spirit of boastfulness or self-gratulation that I write, in thus contrasting the situation of the South and the North; still less is it from a desire to awaken or embitter sectional prejudices. I state the simple fact only in its unvarnished plainness; and I do thus much, because the times demand of us to speak out undisguisedly and clearly, laying aside all fastidious delicacy in reference to the manner or the matter of discussion. We are loudly ac

House Guide; founded on the Official Reports received at the Treasury Department; also, a General View of the Coast, from the St. Lawrence to the Sabine. To which is added an Appendix, containing an account of the Light-Houses on the Gulf and River St. Lawrence, with Sailing Directions for the St. Lawrence; founded on Official Reports from the Trinity Board of Quebec, in 1832. Robert Mills, P. A. Engineer and Architect, Member of the Columbian Institute.

By

We cannot recommend this work to the general reader; for there are thousands who never trouble themselves with the subjects which it attempts to illustrate. There are others, however, to whom the information it embodies ought to be familiar, and to the hands of such it may properly be consigned. It would be unjust to the merits of the work to dismiss it with such a sentence as might authorize an inference that it is useful to mariners only; members of Congress, merchants, and perhaps even editors of newspapers, may often consult it with advantage.

An Oration delivered before the Citizens of Newburyport, on the Fifty-sixth Anniversary of American Independence. By Caleb Cushing.

It is somewhat late in the season to notice productions of this sort; but it can never be too late to recommend attention to a good thing-and such we consider Mr. Cushing's Oration. Its political doctrines, in the main, are sound, and the style is of that peculiarly copious and flowing character which distinguishes the other writings of the author. Its subject is " the spirit of the age," and the discussion is boldly opened in the first paragraphs. The intellectual, political, moral and religious movements, which distinguish the exterior of civilized society, are considered, as they are developed in the extended relations of the different nations of Europe, and lastly, in the progress of improvement in our own country. We subjoin two or three extracts, which appear to us to present wholesome truths in a bold and independent style, that is

Capitol itself, of oppressing the South, of trampling upon her rights, of rapaciously robbing her of the fruits of her industry, and of doing this to an extent so unbearable, that she threatens to end it by a forcible dissolution of the Union. It becomes us to weigh this grave charge, and to meet those who urge it, by suggesting our own conscientious views of the alleged fact. Let us have manliness and independence enough to face the naked truth with unshrinking eyes. In affirming that the existence of negro servitude is the great cause of the unhealthy political condition of the South, I do but echo the opinions and statements, far more strongly expressed in recent debates on the slavery question, in the House of Assembly of Virginia. And at the same time I take it upon me to protest, that neither the great body of the people of the North, nor least of all I myself, have any disposition to tamper with the slave population or the mancipial rights of the South. Is South-Carolina alone shut out from the munificence of a gracious Providence? smiling picture of prosperity, which the universal country exhibits, does she stand the solitary exception, forgotten, as it were, at nature's feast? And is it true, as her statesmen would fain have us believe, that the whole industry of this nation must be sacrificed to swell the tide of her prosperity? Would this be equal justice? Have the open-hearted, free-handed sons of the South wrought themselves up to such an uncompromising frame of mind, as to ask in their sober senses for all this? Need they ask it? No:-the secret of their diminished prosperity does not lie in the augmented prosperity of the other twenty-three States; they are not sick because we are well,-unless, indeed, we do them the gross injustice of imputing to them that soul-sickness, which "withers at another's joy." The secret of their decline is the successful competition of the SouthWestern States in the production of cotton, and it is nothing else.

In the

There was a time, when the southern extremity of the Union enjoyed a practical monopoly of the growth of cotton, the great marketable production of the country; and when the planters of the South acquired habits of expense proportioned to the high profits thus derived from the cultivation of their estates. That monopoly exists no longer. Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and even Tennessee, all possessing a rich virgin soil and other local advantages, have become cotton-planting States, and are able to undersell Carolina in the commodity, which alone constitutes the main source of her agricultural wealth. On the alluvial lands of the Mississippi the average production is two thousand pounds of clean cotton to the hand ; while in South-Carolina it does not exceed nine hundred pounds to the hand. We can well understand how seriously this affects the comparative prosperity of the two regions; but is the Union in fault for it? Must we lay waste

the luxuriant plantations of the Red river, must we grub up the cotton plants of Rapides and Ouachita,-as Spain did the grape-vines in one of her colonies-in order to suppress all competition with the planters of Carolina? Such is the question to be answered;—at least, such are the only means of effectually administering to the topical disease of nullification.

But the tariff,-the tariff,-the tariff,-this is that angry queen Mab, who gallops, night and day, through southern_imaginations, until they dream of wrongs; of oppression; of eastern princes, rolling in gems and gold, extracted, by some potent alchymy, not from sheeting, shirting, and flannel, but from the hard earnings of southern industry and economy; and of nullification, that last great good vouchsafed to mortals in remedy of all the ills of life. Demolish, say they, your coal works and iron forges; abandon your tonnage duties and other partial provisions in favor of the shipping of the country; abolish the drawbacks and bounties, which foster the industry of your hardy northern fishermen; raze your manufactories to the ground, and leave your thriving villages to the dominion of the dock and the nettle; repeal each item of law without distinction, which aims at the protection of your artisans and handicraftsmen against foreign competition; graduate every thing in the Procustes' bed of a duty of twelve and a half per centum upon all imported merchandise of whatsoever name or

nature-do this, not because it is right, or just in a large view of the general good, for we see too plainly that the country generally is now in a flourishing state;-not because the Constitution prohibits the protection of domestic industry by means of duties on imports, for we are compelled reluctantly to admit that such measures are within the letter of two clauses of the Constitution, and were expressly and positively pointed at by one of those clauses ;-but because part of us have imbibed a notion that the growth of other interests must of necessity be at the expense of the planting interest; because we insist upon your absolute relinquishment of the principle of protection as our sine qua non condition of peace; because our pride and selflove are pledged to this, and because if you do not submit unqualifiedly to our dictation we will secede from the Union. Knowing, as I do, the real causes of uneasiness in South-Carolina, when I see that such is the ground assumed in regard to the tariff by the friends of nullification, and this also in the face of that most conciliatory measure of concession and compromise, the duty bill now on its passage in Congress, which yields so much to the claims of the South, I am compelled to suspect that the provisions of the tariff are only articulated at market crosses and court-houses as a pretext,

To face the garment of rebellion

With some fine color that may please the eye.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF INSTRUCTION. The annual meeting of this Society was opened at the State House, in Boston, on the morning of Thursday, August 23d. At ten o'clock an able and eloquent Introductory Address was delivered by Hon. Francis C. Gray. It closed its third anniversary after a session of five days, under very pleasing prospects. The number present was smaller than usual; yet the Hall was nearly filled, and during the public exercises somewhat crowded. Ten regular lectures were delivered; assuming generally a more practical character than heretofore, and were deemed not inferior to any which have been given before the Institute. Two gentlemen who had accepted appointments as lecturers were necessarily absent. deficiency was supplied by discussions, and two extra lectures given on short notice, by Dr. Spurzheim, of Germany, (recently of Paris,) and Mr. Lowell Mason, of Boston. The former was an able discussion of the first principles involved in the science of education, physical, intellectual, and moral; and showed the necessity of investigating human nature more thoroughly, in order to conduct education more successfully. Mr. Mason gave an account of

The

On the Moral Influence of the Physical Sciences, by Rev. John Pierpont, of Boston.

On Rewards and Punishments in Schools, by John A. Vaughan, of Hallowell, Me.

On English Grammar and Composition, by Rev. Asa Rand, of Boston.

On the Pestalozzian Method of teaching music, by Lowell Mason, of Boston, with illustrations by a juvenile choir.

On Education, by Dr. Spurzheim, of Paris.

On the condition and prospects of Education in the Southern States, by Rev. Elipha White, of South Carolina.

On the Duties of School Committees, by Hon. W. B. Calhoun, of Springfield.

On the day previous to the commencement, at 11 o'clock, A. M. an Oration was delivered before the Theological Society, by Silas H. Hill, of Brooklyn, N. Y. At 3 o'clock, P. M. an Oration was delivered before the Social Friends, by Caleb S. Hunt, of Montpelier, Vt. and at 5, before the United Fraternity, by Charles W. Prentiss, of the same place. The exercises of Thursday were an Inaugural Address by Professor Stowe, and an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa, by George Kent, Esq. of Concord.

BROWN UNIVERSITY, Providence, R. I. The annual commencement was held on the first Wednesday in September, at which twenty-two graduates received the degree of A. B. and six the degree of A. M.

The honorary degree of Doctor in Divinity was conferred on the Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; and on the Rev. Thomas Steffe Crisp, A. M. of Glasgow University, and President of the Theological Academy, Bristol, Eng.

In the afternoon an Oration was pronounced before the Phi Beta Kappa, by Theron Metcalf, Esq. of Dedham, Mass.

WILLIAMS COLLEGE, Williamstown, Ms. The annual commencement of this Institution was held on the 5th Sept. The degree of A. B. was conferred on eighteen young gentlemen; that of A. M. in course on four, and honorary on two; that of M. D. in course on seven, and honorary on four. At the close of the regular exercises of the morning, an address before the Alumni was delivered by Prof. C. Dewy, of Pittsfield, Mass. Hereafter the annual commencement is to be held on the 3d Wednesday in August, instead of the 1st Wednesday in September. From the Triennial Catalogue, it appears that the whole number of graduates from the origin of the Institution to the present time, is 1137, of whom 958 are still living. Clergymen 299, of whom 248 are still living. Physicians 214, of whom 210 are still living.

The gov

NEW-YORK UNIVERSITY. ernment of the University of the city of New-York have given public notice, that they are about to open that institution for the reception of students. The course of study, in the departments already formed, comprises Evidences of Revealed Religion, Literature, &c. of the Scriptures, Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, Belles Lettres, Mathematics and Astronomy, Natural Philosophy, &c. Chemistry, Mineralogy and Bota

ny,

History, Geography and Chronology, Sculpture and Painting, Latin and Greek Languages, &c. Oriental Languages and Literature, Italian, German, French, and Spanish Languages and Literature. Other departments will be added, and courses of lectures will be delivered in the ensuing season on History, Moral Philosophy, Biography, Commerce, Agriculture, and the Mechanic Arts, Sacred Antiquities, and Physical Astronomy. The Bible will

be studied as a classic, and the religious instruction of the students will occupy a conspicuous place in their education. Until buildings can be prepared, accommodations will be provided for the various classes at Clinton Hall.

The appointments already made in the University are as follows:

Rev. James M. Mathews, D. D. Chancellor, to whom is also committed the Antiquities of the Sacred Scriptures.

Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine, D. D. Professor of the Evidences of Revealed Religion.

Rev. Henry P. Tappan, A. M. Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Belles

Lettres.

Henry Vethake, A. M. Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy.

D. D. Douglass, A. M. Professor of Natural Philosophy, Architecture and Civil Engineering.

John Torrey, M. D. Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Botany.

S. F. B. Morse, A. M. Professor in Sculpture and Painting.

Rev. Edward Robinson, D. D. Professor of the Greek and Oriental Languages and Literature.

Rev. George Bush, A. M. Adjunct Professor of the Hebrew Language and Literature.

Rev. John Mulligan, A. M. Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages and Literature.

Rev. William Ernenpeutsch, Professor of the German Language and Literature.

Miguel Cabrera De Nevares, Professor of the Spanish Language and Literature.

Lorenzo L. Da Ponti, Professor of the Italian Language and Literature.

Charles Parmantier, A. M. Professor of the French Language and Literature.

Henry Bostwick, A. M. Instructer in History, Geography and Chronology.

COLUMBIA COLLEGE, New-York.On account of the prevalence of the Cholera, the ordinary exercises of the commencement have, this year, been omitted. The usual degrees have been conferred on the Senior class, and the

customary honors awarded, agreeably to a statute of the College. The honorary degree of D. D. has been conferred on the Rev. Henry Anthon, one of the assistant ministers of Trinity Church, and on the Rev. Francis L. Hawkes, Rector of St. Thomas's Church, both of the city of New-York.

AUGUSTA COLLEGE, Kentucky. The commencement of this Institution was held on the 16th of August. Sixteen

young gentlemen delivered orations, and received the first degree in the arts. The degree of A. M. was conferred on four graduates in course. The honora

ry degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon Oliver M. Spencer, Jr. Esq. of Cincinnati; Rev. Martin P. Parks, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, in Randolph, Macon College, Va.; Wilkins Tannehill, Esq. Louisville; and Hon. Ross Wilkins, Michigan. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon Hon. John

Boyle, of Kentucky, and Hon. John W. Campbell, of Ohio. President Ruter, according to previous arrangements, resigned his office as head of the Institution, and stated his reasons, which grew out of private considerations solely, the affairs of the College being in a very flourishing state. The Rev. Joseph L. Thomlinson, late Professor of Mathematics, was elected successor of Dr. Ruter.

ILLINOIS COLLEGE, Jacksonville. On Tuesday, August 21, the Rev. Edward Beecher, formerly of Boston, was inducted into the office of President of the Illinois College, and at the same time the Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, into that of Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. President Beecher delivered an address on the occasion, which is spoken of in terms of the highest praise; the subject was, "Education-its nature-its objects, and the means of obtaining them."

In Tamworth, N. H. on the 17th September, Dr. JOSEPH BOYDEN, aged 65. In 1797, he removed from Sturbridge, Mass. to Tamworth, where, for 37 years, his practice had been extensive and attended with great success. By his benevolence and attention to the indigent sick, and others, he was beloved by all, and his death deeply lamented. His death was occasioned by his attempting to mount his horse by stepping on a block which lay near the edge of a bridge, when his horse suddenly wheeled, struck, and precipitated him to the depth of 12 feet, fractured his skull, and he expired within forty minutes.

In Boston, September 16, after a few days illness, THOMAS MELVILL, Esq. aged 81 years, an early actor in the Revolution, and an officer in the war for independence. He was for many years Naval Officer of the port, and held the commission till the change of Administration in 1829. He was always distinguished for public spirit, activity and firmness. For forty years he was one of the firewards of the town, and was probably never absent, during that time in a single instance of calamity, small or considerable, where the controling power of his department was needed. At the time of his decease he was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts.

In Worcester, Sept. 16, ISAAC GOODWIN, Esq. Counsellor at Law, aged 46. Mr. Goodwin was a native of Plymouth, and the son of the late William Goodwin, Esq. He took pleasure in tracing his descent from the source of the genuine Aristocracy of New England,— the Pilgrims of 1620. He did not enjoy the benefits of a College education, but he possessed talents and industry, and so improved his advantages as to become a good scholar, a correct and well informed lawyer, and a useful citizen and magistrate. Having accomplished himself

His

for the practice of law, in the office of Judge Thomas, of Plymouth, he settled, first in Sterling, in Worcester County, and thence removed to the town of Worcester in 1826. He was particularly conversant with the statutes and usages of the country, relative to municipal affairs, and was long an officer of the towns where he resided. For the benefit of others, also, he published two editions of "The Town Officer," a very useful work; and, afterwards, another on the Duties of Sheriffs, Coroners, and Constables, which also met with a favorable reception. He was a Councillor of the American Antiquarian Society, an institution in which he took, from its commencement, a lively interest. taste led him to much research into the antiquities of New-England, a subject on which he was well informed. His last effort for the restoration of his health, which had long been seriously impaired, was a journey to the place of his nativity, where he derived great satisfaction from inspecting anew its ancient memorialstreasures which he viewed with a just, but unusual veneration. His history of the town of Sterling is a useful and well-digested tract, and his various occasional publications are specimens of correct detail and cultivated taste. Without attaining to high distinction, he held a respectable rank among the well-informed and well-principled politicians of his time; and although others took precedence of him in popular favor, as candidates for the higher stations of civil society, it was not always because they possessed superior ability. His friends and associates in private life, and in public business have lost an agreeable and valued companion, and a judicious fellow-laborer, and his family a valued and affectionate parent and adviser.

In Cheshire, Con. Dr. CHARLES SHELTON, aged 46. He advised that an incision should be made on his throat; his brother physicians urg

ed a delay of a day or two. He became unable to speak, and on Thursday last whilst anxiously waiting the arrival of Doct. Hubbard, of NewHaven, he wrote on a piece of paper that he must die if something was not done immediately, and in a few moments fell back and expired.

In New-Haven, August 11, HENRY E. DWIGHT, aged 35.

This gentleman was the youngest son of the late President Dwight, from whom he inherited a strong and manly frame, and a powerful mind; and like whom, he was governed by higher motives than any which this world and its passing scenes can furnish. He received his academical education at Yale College, over which his father presided, and thus had the advantage of the best parental guidance and instruction, at a time when most young men are deprived of the care and counsel of their natural guardians. He afterwards commenced the study of theology, and had pursued it vigorously for a considerable period at Andover, when his course was interrupted by a violent disease, which occasioned a copious discharge of blood from the lungs, and vitally injured his constitution. In the hope of recovery, he was induced to visit Europe, where he spent nearly four years, and was diligently employed in acquiring knowledge, by examining whatever was most remarkable in the natural world, and the productions of art; by free association with able and learned men, and by assiduous study, for which he enjoyed peculiar advantages at the Universities of Berlin and Gottengen. By means of his Travels in Germany, and of his Lectures, the public have reaped, in some measure, the benefit of his labors; but much more would have been communicated to them, if his life had been continued, and comfortable health been granted to him. It is believed that few if any of our countrymen have gathered on the continent of Europe, a larger stock of interesting and important information. In Germany, he gave much attention to the subject of education, and soon after his return, he united with his brother, the Rev. Sereno E. Dwight, in establishing at New-Haven a gymnasium, for the instruction of young gentlemen. In this institution, his exertions for the improvement of the pupils were indefatigable and successful; but his labors and cares were too great for his health, which had not been restored by the mild climates of Europe, and at the close of last summer the gymnasium was given up. Subsequently, he visited New-York and Philadelphia, where his exertions and exposure, during a severe winter and spring, increased the pulmonary complaints that had long oppressed him, to a degree which excited the serious apprehensions of his friends. The ardor and energy of his character were manifested in this painful and discouraging situation. He entered into society, and delivered, at New-York and Philadelphia, a series of lectures, while he was suffering from such an indisposition as would have induced a relaxation of effort in most other men. When the course was concluded, he went to NewEngland, intending to return to Philadelphia, and make it his permanent residence. But his designs were frustrated; his disease assumed a new form, and, after several weeks of great pain and suffering, terminated his life.

[Poulson's Advertiser.]

In New-York, August 16, Col. SAMUEL WARD, in the 76th year of his age.

The death of this estimable man invites to serious reflection on the history and fortunes of our common country. Born a little while previous to that war between England and France, which, by calling forth the energies of the Ameri

It

can colonists, elicited the attention of the mother country, and thereby hastened the crisis of the revolution. He was imbued with the principles of republicanism. "These Colonies are destined to an early independence, and you will live to see my words verified," was the language held to him by his father, the late Governor Ward, as early as the year 1766. Ten years afterward, the memorable DECLARATION was promulgated to an astonished and applauding world! seems that parental counsels were not lost upon the son. Having completed his education, (which was at first under the private charge of his accomplished father, and afterwards at the University in this town, then presided over by the virtuous Manning)—at an age when most young men are but commencing the more important part of theirs, we find Col. Ward actively embarking in the perilous contest that ensued. He was enrolled in the volunteer company, instituted for purposes of military instruction in Rhode-Island, and denominated the "Kentish Guards," in 1774. It was to this company, that the American army owed some of its brightest ornaments :-Flagg, Thayer, Olney, and the two Greenes;

The

On the breaking out of the war, Col. Ward was appointed a Captain in the Rhode-Island Army of Observation, at the early age of eighteen years, and in that capacity, joined the camp at Cambridge; nor was it long before an opportunity offered to test the mettle and the fortitude of the most daring and enterprising spirits there assembled. In September, 1775, General Arnold was invested with the command of eleven hundred volunteers, destined to penetrate to Quebec, through an unexplored wilderness, and by the route of the Kennebec river. Captain Ward shared the honors and perils of that magnanimous enterprise. annals of the revolution furnish nothing more heroic than this early essay of American courage. Honorably as it has been commended in history, its difficulties, dangers, and privations can never be sufficiently appreciated. We read of the passage of the Alps, in ancient and in modern story, and are impressed with a just sentiment of admiration; yet, is it not certain, that the privations, if not the difficulties of those enterprises were far surpassed in the expedition of Arnold? Their batteaux, (we are told) had to be dragged by the soldiers over water-falls, portages, and rapid streams; and such part of the march as was not aided by rivers, was performed, for a distance of more than 300 miles, through thick woods, over lofty mountains, and deep morasses. A part of the detachment actually abandoned the undertaking, and returned to Cambridge, to avoid starvation. Captain Ward was one of those, who persevered, and who, (after subsisting upon dogs and reptiles, and devouring their very cartridge boxes and shoes, to appease the torments of hunger,) arrived before Quebec in the month of December, 1775. He was present at the attack of the city by escalade; when sharing in the misfortunes, as he had in the privations and the honors of the expedition, he was made prisoner, with the principal part of the detachment. In 1776 he was exchanged as a prisoner, and in January, 1777, was commissioned as a Major in in Col. Christopher Greene's regiment of the Rhode-Island line of the Continental army, and in that capacity was present, that year, and cooperated in the defence of the fort of Red-bank upon the Delaware, when it was attempted to be stormed by the Hessians, under Count Donop on the 22d of October. In 1778, Col. Ward had the honor to participate in the military operations of Generals Greene, Lafayette, and Sullivan, in