In the Minneapolis, Minnesota, schools the children are being taught the various operations of a post office, from collection to delivery, and from parcel post to postal savings bank. The plan, as being arranged, is to have the heads of the departments in the post office to visit the schools and talk to the classes. The arrangement is part of a general campaign to educate the public to the proper way to address letters and pack parcel post packages, and familiarize them with the operations of a savings bank and insurance features.

R. C. Harris and Miss Alice Pate, formerly teachers in Daviess county, were married recently. Mr. Harris is a teacher in the Manual Training School,

at Indianapolis, and Miss Pate has been teaching in the Connersville public schools for the past two years.

North Manchester is studying the present conditions in educational affairs in order to determine what kind of a school building should be erected. The old building has been condemned by the state board of health, but a years' extension of time was granted in order that conditions might be more favorable for the erection of a new building.

Professor O. H. Venner, of Lincoln, ard Park, of Sullivan county, were the Nebraska, and Superintendent Richinstructors at the at the Morgan county teachers' institute during the Christmas vacation.

Captain Wallace Foster, who each year takes an active interest in helping the poor of the city of Indianapolis and also takes an active part in civic work,

wrote "A Christmas and New Year Memorial Greeting," which he dedicated to school No. 32. In closing his letter, which is addressed to "My Dear Friends," Captain Foster says: "This is my greeting for the gentle courtesy and respect that has been shown me by school No. 32 for twenty-three years. To every principal, teacher and scholar who has been associated with the

school from 1891 to 1915, I extend my grateful thanks."

Milo H. Stuart, principal of Manual Training High School, Indianapolis, and Karl Von Ammerman, head of the commercial department of the same. school, attended the annual meeting of

and

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The little matter of 15c in stamps will bring you the Pathfinder for 13 weeks on trial. The Pathfinder is an illustrated weekly, published at the Nation's Capital, for the Nation; a DaDer that gives all the news of the world and that tells the truth and only the truth; now in its 22d year. This paper Alls the bill without emptying the purse; it costs but $1 a year. If you want to keep posted on what is going on in the world, at the least expense of time or money, this is your means. If you want a paper in your home which is sincere, reliable, entertaining, wholesome, the Pathfinder is yours. If you would appreclate a paper which puts everything clearly, fairly, briefly -here it in at last. Send only 15c to show that you might like such a paper, and we will send the Pathfinder on probation 13 weeks. The 15c does not repay us, but we are glad to invest in New Friends,

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ARITHMETIC.

1. A tank has a capacity of 8 cu. ft. for each 15 inches in depth. If it is 12 ft. deep, how many gallons does it contain? 2. If 9 bu. 2 pk. of apples cost $7.60, what is the average cost per bushel?

3. Define the following terms: Gain, loss, commercial discount.

4. Find the cost of five $1,000.00 bonds quoted at 983 with 4% brokerage.

5. A sphere of metal is 6 ft. in diameter. What is its weight at 20 pounds to the cubic foot?

6. Explain the uses of square root and cube root. How does square root differ from cube root?

7. $550. Detroit, Jan. 11, 1915. Ninety days after date, I promise to pay to the order of W. S. Yard, five hundred fifty dollars, at the First National Bank, value received. George W. Ellis. Discounted at 6% January 11. Find the proceeds.

8. If I wish to realize an annual income of 4% from an investment of $8,000.00 in 5% bonds, what must I pay for them? 9. What relative amount of time would you give to written analysis in a fourth grade? Give reasons for your answer. 10. Analyze the following example: How many sheep at $5.00 each, will pay for 2 horses at $100.00 each?

11. Explain how you would begin the teaching of short division?

Answers.

1. 12 ft. equal 144 in.; 144÷15-9 3-5; 9 3-5 times 8 cu. ft. = 76 4-5 cu. ft. 132,710.4 cu. in.; 132,710.4÷231-574.5 3-77. number of gallons.

2. 7609180, number of cents in average cost per bushel.

3. Gain is the excess of the selling price over the cost. Loss is the excess of the cost over the selling price. Commercial discount is the deduction from the list price of goods. 4. Quotation, 987 + brokerage,

99.

Since $1 bond costs 99 cents,
$5,000 bond costs 5,000 times 99 cents, or
$4,950.

5. 6X6X6X.5236=113.0976 (vol. in cu. ft.) 113.0976 times 20 lbs. 2261.952 lbs. 6. The use of square root is to find a factor which multiplied by itself will produce a given number. The use of cube root is to find a factor which multiplied by its square will produce a given number. For the difference in the processes of square root and cube root see the rules for each in the textbook. In square root, we find one of two equal factors. In cube root, we find one of three equal factors.

7. Omitting the days of grace, the bank discount would be $550 X 6-100 X 90-360-$8.25. Using the days of grace, the bank discount would be $550 X6-100 X 93-360= $8.525.

In the first case, the proceeds would be $550-$8.25=$541.75.

In the second case the proceeds would be $550-$8.525-$541.475.

8. $8,000 at 5% yields an income of $400. 400.04 10,000, number of dollars, capital needed to yield an income of $400, at 4%.

9. If any written analysis is used in the fourth grade, it should be limited to those problems containing only "one step." Pupils in this grade are usually not mature enough to grasp the interdependence and the relation of the ideas of a complex analysis, or to express them in clear English.

10. If one horse costs $100, two horses will cost 2 times $100, or $200. It will take as

many sheep at $5 each, to pay for the horses, as the number of times 5 is contained into 200; 5 is contained into 200 40 times. Therefore it will take 40 sheep.

11. In teaching short division. First, use exercises in which the pupils will separate a number of objects into groups, an exact number of groups being the result each time. Show how to express this work in a written form with symbols (figures): Second, use exercises in which the pupils will separate a number of objects into groups, a part of a group (remainder) being left each time. Show how to express this work in a written form with symbols (figures). Third, the first and second steps having been practiced thoroughly, the pupils have become familiar with enough of the "division table" to dispense with the concrete illustrations and the written part only may be required.

UNITED STATES HISTORY.

1. Of what importance in American History is Roger Williams? William Penn? General Braddock? George Rogers Clerk? 2. What were the chief causes of the American Revolution?

3. What changes for the better did the Constitution of 1787 make over that of the old Confederation?

4. What were the principal issues dividing the Hamiltonian Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans from 1790 to 1800? 5. Tell how presidential candidates have been nominated at various times in American history. Explain the Nullification

6.

7.

doctrine on which South Carolina acted in 1830-32. What was Lincoln's policy toward slavery at the opening of the Civil War? Tell why he changed his policy during the war.

Give a brief account of the career of Theodore Roosevelt.

8.

9.

Describe a pioneer home in Indiana, giving the dress and home life of the family.

10.

11.

Outline some lessons in Civics that may
be given in the primary grades.
Write the story of Daniel Boone as you
would tell it to fourth grade pupils.
Answers.

1. Roger Williams believed that the church should not be supported by public taxation, and in freedom of worship. William Penn founded the Quaker settlement in Pennsylvania. He dealt justly with the Indians and kept all treaties made with them. The laws of the colony were just and liberal. The colony prospered. General Braddock was sent over by the English government during the last French war to take charge of an expedition against Fort du Quesne. He intended to capture this fort and the other forts between there and Niagara. Braddock, within eight miles of Fort Du Quesne, marched into an ambush. He was killed and his army was routed and defeated. George Rogers Clark led an expedition against the British north of the Ohio during the Revolutionary war. He captured Vincennes and by other military successes won the great northwest territory.

2. Taxation without representation. The stamp act. The arbitrary and narrow personal government of George Third. Various acts of oppression on the part of the English government. Lack of sympathy of the English with the colonists.

3. The Constitution of 1787 created a strong central government that had power to levy taxes and do all other things that properly belong to a government at the head of a

union of states. The Confederation had been powerless to do anything but recommend and advise action on the part of the colonies. It could not make any state or any person do anything.

4. The principal issues dividing these parties had to do with their views of the national government. The Federalists believed in a strong central government; the Jeffersonian Republicans did not. Hamilton wanted the states to be subordinate to the central government; "Jefferson feared that the central government might become so strong as to rob the states of their powers and at last drift into a monarchy." He believed in only the strictest construction of the constitution. Hamilton wanted the central government to be supreme over the state.

5. In the beginning there was no nomination of presidential candidates as we now know that proceeding. The original idea was for the electors to meet and select the wisest and best men for president and vice-president. These electors were to be picked men from the nation and were to know best what men ought to be elected as heads of the nation. With the rise of the party system and after there had been trouble in picking the president and vice-president, the parties nominated their candidates for the offices and the electors merely registered the will of the people by states, as indicated by the returns from the state elections. The electors have nothing to do with nominating candidates. In the beginning the electors could vote for whom they liked. The one receiving the greatest number of votes became president and the one receiving the second highest number of votes became vice-president. After there had been trouble over a tie vote, the law declared that each elector must indicate in his ballot whether he was voting for president or vice-president. The party system of nominations, however, did away with the original electoral system and there arose the system of nominating men for president, that we have today.

6. The Nullification doctrine on which South Carolina acted in 1830-32 was a declaration to the effect that the individual states were superior to the Union and that each state was a sovereign nation. Each state had a right to decide for itself whether the laws passed by Congress were constitutional. It was practically the doctrine of states rights. The individual state could nullify any act of Congress. South Carolina was aggrieved over tariff acts by Congress. President Jackson enforced the national law.

su

7. In the beginning of the Civil war Lincoln believed that he had no constitutional right to interfere with slavery. The preme purpose in his mind was to save the Union. Later, as the conviction grew throughout the North that slavery was the real cause of the war, Lincoln decided that it would be good policy in putting down the rebellion to emancipate the slaves. He issued his emancipation proclamation and thenceforward did everything he could to see that every slave had his freedom.

8. Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City. He attended Harvard University. Later he lived the life of a ranchman in the West. He was a member of the New York Legislature, a member of the national civil service commission, police commissioner in New York City, assistant secretary of the navy, lieutenant-colonel of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American war, governor of New York, vice-president with McKinley in his second term, president from 1901 to 1909, candidate for president in 1912, the author of extensive works on history and travel, and a world-famed traveler.

9. The Indiana pioneer home was an exceedingly simple affair. It was usually built

of logs, the cracks between which were daubed up with mud. A chimney built of sticks and mud was usually built at one end. Inside a fireplace that sometimes extended across the end of the house served all purposes for cooking, heating and ventilation. The family was clothed in homespun except for an occasional piece of wearing apparel that had been brought to the frontier from the east. The home life was exceedingly simple. The women folks spent their days in their household tasks and in helping the men conquer the forest. The men tilled the fields that had been cleared with so much difficulty, hunted for game to stock the family larder and always kept a lookout for enemies of men and beasts that constantly beset the white invaders of the forest.

10. Children in the primary grades may be taught lessons in cleanliness, as applied to their persons, their homes and the community. The benefits of cleanliness, both moral and physical, can be portrayed to the children. Lessons in honesty can also be successfully given to them. They can be shown how that dishonesty leads to all kinds of trouble and that if people are not honest it is not possible for them to live together in peace in civilized communities. Lessons in respect for superiors, obedience to the laws of the school and society, patriotism, etc., can all be given even very small children successfully.

11. Daniel Boone was a great hunter who lived in Kentucky. He had a log cabin for a home. Much of the time he lived in a fort made of logs. It was necessary to live in a fort because of the bloodthirsty Indians that constantly tried to kill the white men that came into the forests. Daniel Boone sometimes made long journeys through the forests by himself, killing deer and other animals for his food. The Indians were much afraid of him because he could shoot so straight with his rifle which he kept always with him. He lived to be an old man. He was greatly loved by the people that knew him. Many cities and counties have been named for him.