Culture, Language and Personality: Selected Essays

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University of California Press, 1985 - 617 Seiten
Edward Sapir was one of those men, rare among scientists and scholars, who are spoken of by their colleagues in terms of genius. His writings on frontier problems in cultural anthropology, psychology, and linguistics are outstanding for their provocative insights and remarkable control of factual data. His long essay on language, his principal field of study, is an illuminating exploration of various aspects of the subject. His stress on the fact that language is a cultural or social product helped to make linguistics an integral part of the study of man. The interplay of culture and personality was a field where Sapir was a pioneer and many of his essays have become classics in the social sciences. The nine contributions brought together in this volume well show the distinction and lasting quality of Sapir's work. They include "Culture, Genuine and Spurious," "The Meaning of Religion," "Language," "Cultural Anthropology and Psychiatry," and "The Statue of Linguistics as a Science."

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The Nature of Language
3
Sound Patterns in Language
33
The Psychological Reality of Phonemes
46
A Study in Phonetic Symbolism
61
The Concept of Phonetic Law as Tested in Primitive Languages
73
Dialect
83
Language and Environment
89
Communication
104
The Meaning of Religion
346
Group
357
Custom
365
Fashion
373
W A Mason A History of the Art
382
DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR TIME PERSPECTIVE
394
Cultural Value of Grammatical Elements
443
Geographical Distribution of Linguistic Stocks
452

The Function of an International Auxiliary Language
110
A Study in Semantics
122
The Grammarian and His Language
150
The Status of Linguistics as a Science
160
Studies of American Indian Languages
167
Abnormal Types of Speech in Nootka
179
A Chinookan Phonetic Law
197
Male and Female Forms of Speech in Yana
206
Internal Linguistic Evidence Suggestive of the Northern Origin
213
Glottalized Continuants in Navaho Nootka and Kwakiutl with
225
Editors preface
251
Tibetan Influences on Tocharian I
273
Hebrew Helmet a Loanword and Its Bearing on IndoEuropean
285
IndoEuropean Prevocalic s in Macedonian
294
Editors preface
305
Anthropology and Sociology
332
Geographical Distribution of Phonetic and Morphologic Features
458
Song Recitative in Paiute Mythology excerpts
463
Literature and Music
489
The Heuristic Value of Rhyme
496
Editors preface
507
Oskar Pfister The Psychoanalytic Method
525
Speech as a Personality Trait
533
The Unconscious Patterning of Behavior in Society
544
Personality
560
Why Cultural Anthropology Needs the Psychiatrist
569
Psychiatric and Cultural Pitfalls in the Business of Getting
578
Epilogue by Dell H Hymes
598
Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Memoir 90 Anthropological
604
Poems
614
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Autoren-Profil (1985)

Edward Sapir, an American anthropologist, was one of the founders of both modern linguistics and the field of personality and culture. He wrote poetry, essays, and music, as well as scholarly works. Margaret Mead noted that "it was in the vivid, voluminous correspondence with [Edward Sapir] that [Ruth Benedict's] own poetic interest and capacity matured." In the field of linguistics, Sapir developed phonemic theory---the analysis of the sounds of a language according to the pattern of their distribution---and he analyzed some 10 American Indian languages. In cultural anthropology, he contributed to personality-and-culture studies by insisting that the true locus of culture is in the interactions of specific individuals and in the meanings that the participants abstract from these interactions.

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